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1.
The maximum strain experienced by the thinnest segment of a non-uniform fiber governs fiber breakage, yet this maximum strain
can not be obtained from a normal single fiber test. Only the average strain of the whole fiber specimen can be obtained from
a normal single fiber tensile test. This study has examined the relationship between the average strain, the maximum strain
and the degree of fiber non-uniformity, expressed in coefficient of variation (CV) of fiber diameters along fiber length.
The tensile strain of irregular fibers has been simulated using the finite element method (FEM). Using this method, average
and maximum tensile strains of non-uniform fibers were calculated. The results indicate that for irregular fibers such as
wool, there is an exponential relationship (i.e.ɛ
ave
ɛ
max=ae
−b CV
) between the ratio of average breaking strain and maximum breaking strain (ɛ
ave
ɛ
max) and the along-fiber diameter variation (CV). The strain ratio decreases with the increase of the along-fiber diameter variation. 相似文献
2.
This paper studies buckling behavior of non-uniform fiber columns under axially distributed compressive load and presents
a new approach for determining buckling load. For free-built-in fibers, a Fredholm equation is derived from solving the governing
equation with end constraints. Critical load and critical length can be evaluated by seeking the lowest eigenvalue of the
resulting equation. For the cases of the cross-sectional moment of inertia and axially distributed load as power functions
with respect to the axial distance from the free end, a necessary condition for buckling is derived, and a polynomial characteristic
equation is then obtained and solved. The effect of the weight and axial profile of tapered fibers on the critical length
is discussed. 相似文献
3.
This study was aimed at developing statistical models for the prediction of tensile strength of warp and weft yarns required
for attaining a pre-defined strength of PET/Cotton blended woven fabrics. The models were developed based on the empirical
data obtained from carefully developed 234 fabric samples with different constructions using 15, 20, and 25 tex yarns in warp
and weft directions. The prediction ability and accuracy of the developed models were assessed by correlation analyses of
the predicted and actual warp and weft yarn strength values of another set of 36 fabric samples. The analyses showed a very
strong ability and accuracy of the developed statistical prediction models. 相似文献
4.
Abhijit Majumdar Anindya Ghosh Shib Sankar Saha Ayan Roy Subir Barman Dhrubajyoti Panigrahi Anjan Biswas 《Fibers and Polymers》2008,9(2):240-245
Aesthetic properties of fabrics have been considered as the most important fabric attribute for years. However, recently there
has been a paradigm shift in the domain of textile material applications and consequently more emphasis is now being given
on the mechanical and functional properties of fabrics rather than its aesthetic appeal. Moreover, in certain woven fabrics
used for technical applications, strength is a decisive quality parameter. In this work, tensile strength of plain woven fabrics
has been predicted by using two empirical modelling methods namely artificial neural network (ANN) and linear regression.
Warp yarn strength, warp yarn elongation, ends per inch (EPI), picks per inch (PPI) and weft count (Ne) were used as input
parameters. Both the models were able to predict the fabric strength with reasonably good precision although ANN model demonstrated
higher prediction accuracy and generalization ability than the regression model. The warp yarn strength and EPI were found
to be the two most significant factors influencing fabric strength in warp direction. 相似文献
5.
Most fibers are irregular, and they are often subjected to combined loading conditions during processing and end-use. In this
paper, polyester and wool fibers under the combined tensile and torsional loads have been studied for the first time, using
the finite element method (FEM). The dimensional irregularities of these fibers are simulated with sine waves of different
magnitude and frequency. The breaking load and breaking extension of the fibers at different twist or torsion levels are then
calculated from the finite element model. The results indicate that twist and level of fiber irregularity have a major impact
on the mechanical properties of the fiber and the effect of the frequency of irregularity is relatively small. 相似文献
6.
Kyungwoo Lee 《Fibers and Polymers》2008,9(2):200-202
The analysis of buckling of fibers with continuously varying cross section under distributed axial load has been investigated
by using numerical method. The eigenvalues and critical length of the vertical fiber column which the moment of inertia and
the intensity of distributed axial load vary according to a power of the distance are given in a tabulated form. 相似文献
7.
Alkali treatment may change the structures and properties of cellulosic fibers. The aim of this work was to study the mechanism of structural changes of hemp fibers treated with different alkali concentrations and time by SEM, FTIR, tensile and bending tests. The results showed that the alkali treatment removed some of non-cellulosic materials from the surface of fibers and caused many cracks along the axis of fibers. The crystalline order index increased firstly followed by decreased with the increase of concentration. The deconvolution spectra in OH stretching region showed that the alkali treatment decreased the amount of hydrogen bonding firstly and then increased. The S/G ratio results also support the removal of non-cellulosic materials. The tensile strength of the fibers increased with the alkali concentration. Furthermore, the suitable chemical treatment not only slenderized the hemp fibers, but also softened the fibers dramatically. 相似文献
8.
This paper presents the influence of the gage length on the kenaf fiber Young’s modulus and the tensile strength characterization. Four different gage lengths of 10 mm, 15 mm, 20 mm and 25.4 mm are selected in this study and the tensile testing is performed at a quasi-static loading rate of 1 mm/min. The cross-sectional area of the fiber after failure is considered for the stress calculations. Weibull probability distribution is used to characterize the tensile strength of the kenaf fiber. The Weibull parameters are obtained for the two parameter, three parameter and Weibull of Weibull models and the average tensile strength of the fibers are evaluated. The predicted average tensile strength from all the three approaches are in good agreement with the experimental results for the obtained parameters. 相似文献
9.
Zulfiqar Ali Malik Tanveer Hussain Mumtaz Hasan Malik Anwaruddin Tanwari 《Fibers and Polymers》2011,12(2):281-287
In order to meet the required strength of a fabric, selection of yarn is difficult because tensile strength of woven fabric
depends upon a number of factors. Still, the manufacturers have to use hit and trial method in order to select the yarn for
the required tensile strength of fabric. This study was carried out to develop regression equations for the prediction of
yarn tensile strength suitable for the predefined strength of cotton woven fabrics. These equations were developed by using
empirical data obtained from two hundred and thirty four fabric samples prepared under a systematic plan with different constructions.
Prediction proficiency and precision of these regression equations were evaluated by correlation analysis of the predicted
and actual warp and weft yarn strength values of another set of thirty six fabric samples. The results show a very strong
prediction precision of the equations. 相似文献
10.
Wool and alpaca fibers were coated with polypyrrole by vapor-phase polymerisation method. The changes in frictional and tensile
properties of the single fibers upon coating with the conductive polymer are presented. Coating a thin layer of polypyrrole
on the alpaca and wool fibers results in a significant reduction in the fiber coefficient of friction, as the conducting polymer
layer smooths the protruding edges of the fiber scales. It also reduces the directional friction effect of the fibers. Depending
on the type of fiber, the coating may slightly enhance the tensile properties of the coated fibers. 相似文献
11.
Measuring tensile strength of nanofibers using conductive substrates and dynamic mechanical analyzer
Though the tensile strength of nanofibers is essential to determine their application fields, few studies have been conducted
on this topic, due to the difficulties involved in the preparation of single nanofiber tensile specimens, the manipulation
of the clamping device, and the sensing of the nano- force and strain. A bundle testing method was employed in this work to
measure the tensile strength of nanofibers. For this purpose, a conductive substrate was designed to hold several thousand
nanofibers extruded from a spinning nozzle and align them uniaxially during the electrospinning process. This substrate was
designed for a dynamic mechanical analyzer (DMA), because most DMAs are equipped with fine sensors sensitive enough to measure
a very small force and strain. Nylon 6 nanofibers were electrospun and collected on the substrate. Then, they were elongated
simultaneously in the DMA until they were fractured, showing that the aligned nanofibers have superior tensile strength and
modulus compared to their counterpart microfibers and thus suggesting that polymeric nanofibers have the potential to be used
as reinforcement fibers for composite materials. 相似文献
12.
Bamboo fibers are a new kind of natural materials which have a big potential application in textile field due to some of their
particular properties. However, high crystallinity and orientation structure can result in some undesirable properties and
this will limit their further applications as textile materials. As a common used way, mercerization was adapted to treat
bamboo fibers in this work in order to improve their undesirable properties. X-ray diffraction (XRD) was used to characterize
their microstructure after treatment with NaOH. The amount of cellulose II and the crystallinity index based on the XRD results
were calculated for the evaluation of the effectiveness of the different treatment conditions, such as alkali concentration,
mercerization duration and temperature, as well as tension applied to the fibers during mercerization, on the transformation
degree of cellulose I to cellulose II and decrystallization of the mercerized bamboo fibers. It has been found that each condition
has different effects and that the greatest effectiveness of crystal lattice conversion and decrystallization could be achieved
with such mercerization condition: 16 % alkali concentration, 10 minutes of mercerization at 20 °C without tension applied
to the fibers. 相似文献
13.
Sangappa B. Lakshmeesha Rao S. Asha S. Ganesh R. Somashekar Timma Reddy 《Fibers and Polymers》2013,14(6):1032-1039
Tassar silk fiber (Antheraea mylitta) was irradiated with the available maximum dose range upto 100 kGy using 8 MeV electron beam at room temperature. Irradiation effect in these fibers is quantified in terms of the changes in microstructural parameters studied using wide-angle X-ray scattering data (WAXS). The crystal imperfection parameters such as crystallite size (〈N〉), lattice strain (g in %), and surface weighted crystallite size (Ds in Å) have been determined by line profile analysis (LPA) using Fourier method of Warren. For this purpose, exponential, lognormal, and Reinhold functions for column length distribution have been used for the determination of these parameters. These parameters were compared with tensile properties of the fibers. The increasing trend of crystallite size values (〈N〉 as well as Ds in Å) and tenacity (gf/den) with increasing dosage of radiation clearly indicates the cross linking polymer network in fiber. Comparison of SEM photographs also confirms the X-ray results. 相似文献
14.
H. M. El-Dessouky 《Fibers and Polymers》2009,10(3):280-284
This work throws the light on the variation of the optical and structural properties of high-density polyethylene (HDPE) fibers
at different temperatures (0 °C to 50 °C). The experimental data of this work has been done using the optothermomechanical
(OTM) device attached to the interference Pluta microscope. The density of HDPE fibers was determined at different temperatures.
Gladstone and Dale’s equation is corrected to be valid with PE fibers. Both of the shift factor and average work per chain
were presented against average refractive index of PE fiber. Two different types of polarization; the induced polarizability
and the permanent dipole moment were carried out for PE fibers. 相似文献
15.
Debora Puglia Marco Monti Carlo Santulli Fabrizio Sarasini Igor Maria De Rosa Josè Maria Kenny 《Fibers and Polymers》2013,14(3):423-427
The effect of different treatments on the mechanical (tensile), thermal behavior (TGA), FTIR, and morphology of Phormium tenax fibers has been studied with the aim to investigate methods to improve their compatibility with polymer matrices. Applied treatments included sodium hydroxide (NaOH), silane (APTES, 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane), and the combined application of silane treatment after NaOH. The effectiveness of the treatments in the removal of non-structural matter from the fibers was confirmed by FTIR investigation and TGA measurements, suggesting also that the alkali treatment has a strong effect on their thermal behavior. The study of tensile properties of the fibers performed using Weibull statistics indicates that the tensile properties are somewhat reduced by chemical treatment. The morphological investigation of treated fibers through scanning electron microscopy indicates that silane treatments, both on raw fibers and on alkalized ones, result in limited fiber degradation. 相似文献
16.
Seung-Yeol Jeon Woong-Ryeol Yu Min Sun Kim Joon Seok Lee Jong Won Kim 《Fibers and Polymers》2014,15(6):1202-1210
As nonwoven mats are randomly oriented fiber assemblies, the tensile strength of nonwoven mats is determined by their microstructural factors, such as fiber orientation, fiber volume fraction, and fiber-fiber contact level. The complex microstructure of nonwoven mats must be reasonably simplified to properly predict their mechanical properties within affordable efforts. In this study, a new parameter, so called contact efficiency, is defined to describe the fiber-fiber contact level of nonwoven mats. Micro X-ray computer tomography (CT) is employed to characterize the microstructure of needlepunched nonwoven mats made of polypropylene short fibers. The fiber orientation and volume fraction are obtained by analyzing 2D sectional CT image of the nonwoven mat, while the contact efficiency is determined from 3D CT image. A statistical model, developed originally for staple yarns, is modified to predict the tensile strength of the nonwoven mat using the microstructural factors obtained from CT analysis. The prediction is then compared with experiments to validate that the current model incorporating the contact efficiency is highly suitable for predicting the tensile strength of nonwoven mats. 相似文献
17.
Chunhong Wang Suyue Bai Xinmin Yue Bixuan Long Lin-P’ing Choo-Smith 《Fibers and Polymers》2016,17(11):1757-1764
The physical properties of natural growth fibers such as chemical composition content and fiber diameter are highly affected by environmental issues such as environmental changes and fiber extraction methods. These irregularities of the natural fibers seriously affect its utilization in composite as reinforcements. In this study, taking into account the importance of the fiber tensile strength, the correlation degrees between the kenaf fiber tensile strength and the fiber chemical composition, crystallinity, orientation degree were analyzed by the grey relational analysis method. Both the kenaf single fiber and fiber bundle were used as XRD and tensile strength test sample. The chemical composition content and the FTIR were carried out to obtain a correct result of the chemical composition content. It found that for the different XRD and tensile strength test samples, the single fiber showed lower crystallinity, higher orientation degree and tensile strength compared with the fiber bundle. The cellulose content and the orientation degree got the higher correlation degree with single fiber tensile strength, which was 0.674 and 0.640. The highest factor associated with the fiber bundle tensile strength was the orientation degree, the correlation degree was 0.747. The hemicellulose content and the crystallinity also got high correlation degree with the fiber bundle strength, which was 0.687 and 0.640. 相似文献
18.
PLA/LPCL/HPCL blend fibers composed of poly (lactic acid) (PLA), low molecular weight poly (ɛ-caprolactone) (LPCL), and high molecular weight poly (ɛ-caprolactone) (HPCL) were prepared by melt blending and spinning for bioabsorbable filament sutures. The effects of blending
time and blend composition on the X-ray diffraction patterns and tensile properties of PLA/LPCL/HPCL blend fibers were characterized
by WAXD and UTM. In addition, the effect ofin vitro degradation on the weight loss and tensile properties of the blend fibers hydrolyzed during immersion in a phosphate buffer
solution at pH 7.4 and 37°C for 1–8 weeks was investigated. The peak intensities of PLA/LPCL/HPCL blend fibers in X-ray diffraction
patterns decreased with an increase of blending time and LPCL contents in the blend fibers. The weight loss of PLA/LPCL/HPCL
blend fibers increased with an increase of blending time, LPCL contents, and hydrolysis time while the tensile strength and
modulus of the blend fibers decreased. The tensile strength and modulus of the blend fibers were also found to be increased
with an increase of HPCL contents in the blend fibers. The optimum conditions to prepare PLA/LPCL/HPCL blend fibers for bioabsorbable
sutures are LPCL contents of 5 wt%, HPCL contents of 35 wt%, and blending time of 30 min. The strength retention of the PLA/LPCL/HPCL
blend fiber prepared under optimum conditions was about 93.5% even at hydrolysis time of 2 weeks. 相似文献
19.
Core spun yarns are applied for various purposes that especially require the multi-functional performance. This research reports
on the core spinning effect on the yarn strength. We prepared various core yarns by combining different kinds of high tenacity
filaments in core with cotton staples in sheath with various twist levels in the ring spin system. And the tensile strength
was tested to investigate the contribution of the core-sheath structure to the core yarn strength. The influence of the twist
level was also checked up on the relationship between the core-sheath structure and the yarn strength. Results turned out
that the core-sheath weight ratio had influence on the tensile properties of the ring core-spun yarns in different ways according
to the core filaments used for the yarn. Increasing the twists yielded a monotone decreasing strength for the aramid and the
basalt core yarns, while the PET core yarns showed almost unchanged strength, which could be ascribed to the extensional property
of the filaments. 相似文献
20.
Zulfiqar Ali Malik Noman Haleem Mumtaz Hasan Malik Anwaruddin Tanwari 《Fibers and Polymers》2012,13(8):1094-1100
Tensile strength plays a vital role in determining the mechanical behavior of woven fabrics. In this study, two artificial neural networks have been designed to predict the warp and weft wise tensile strength of polyester cotton blended fabrics. Various process and material related parameters have been considered for selection of vital few input parameters that significantly affect fabric tensile strength. A total of 270 fabric samples are woven with varying constructions. Application of nonlinear modeling technique and appreciable volume of data sets for training, testing and validating both prediction models resulted in best fitting of data and minimization of prediction error. Sensitivity analysis has been carried out for both models to determine the contribution percentage of input parameters and evaluating the most impacting variable on fabric strength. 相似文献