鳙鱼的热风干燥规律研究

在我国淡水鱼渔业中，鲢、鳙鱼等低值鱼的产量超过60％，产量虽大，但是鳙鱼属于非常特殊的一种低值淡水鱼。一方面，随着现代餐饮业的发展，加上传统消费习惯的影响，人们对鳙鱼头部的特别嗜好，造成鱼身和鱼尾部分价格大跌；另一方面，鳙鱼肉的口味不及高值鱼，加上固有的土腥味，在一些经济较发达的地区，鳙鱼的鲜销几乎无人问津。     

不同浸泡工艺及添加剂对秘鲁鱿鱼除酸效果的影响

以秘鲁鱿鱼为原料,在实验中对比研究了三聚磷酸钠、磷酸三钠、柠檬酸钠、葡萄糖、碳酸氢钠、碳酸钠、食盐在秘鲁鱿鱼中的应用效果。综合排序:柠檬酸钠三聚葡萄糖、食盐碳酸钠、磷酸三钠、碳酸氢钠。原料处理后,秘鲁鱿鱼切成5 cm×5 cm×2 cm的小块时,浓度在2%的时候,10 h酸味可以除尽,测试秘鲁鱿鱼的pH值在8.0左右,肉质有弹性,无异味。     

铁板鱿鱼的加工方法

<正> 目前在北方地区,正有一种风味小吃盛行,那就是铁板鱿鱼。但由于这种食品有现烹现吃(凉时的口感相对热时相差很远)的特点,人们只能到卖这种食品的地方去吃,而不方便买回家慢慢细品。为了解决这个问题,笔者做了铁板鱿鱼小包装速冻加工试验,现将有关技术介绍如下。     

鱿鱼鱼精蛋白的提取工艺优化研究

通过单因素和正交试验研究了鱿鱼精巢提取鱿鱼鱼精蛋白的优化工艺,并对优化工艺提取的鱿鱼鱼精蛋白进行了分析.结果表明,最佳提取工艺为硫酸浓度0.3M、硫酸用量为3倍、提取次数2次、冷乙醇用量为3倍;该条件下,鱿鱼鱼精蛋白的得率为3.42％,蛋白质含量达93％,且氨基酸组成齐全,碱性氨基酸占26.20％,其中精氨酸占9.61％,Tricine-SDS-PAGE电泳结果分析表明其组成成分比较复杂.     

不同干燥方式对卵形鲳鲹鱼片风味的影响

为探究不同方式干燥卵形鲳鲹鱼片的风味差异,实验选取冰鲜卵形鲳鲹为原料,采用热风干燥、热泵干燥和冷冻干燥3种方式干制卵形鲳鲹鱼片,分别测定并分析其TBA值、呈味核苷酸含量、游离氨基酸含量和挥发性风味物质等指标。结果显示,干燥后的卵形鲳鲹鱼片中TBA值与K值均显著上升,其中冷冻干燥鱼肉的TBA值仅比冰鲜鱼片增加1.6倍,但热泵干燥和热风干燥则分别增加了5.5和4.5倍。干燥后鱼肉中的总游离氨基酸含量及味精当量较冰鲜卵形鲳鲹鱼片显著降低,其中热风干燥鱼肉的味精当量则下降了50.83%。热泵干燥鱼肉中苦味氨基酸含量和鲜味氨基酸含量分别占总氨基酸含量的19.11%和7.37%,而冷冻干燥组鱼肉中甜味氨基酸相对百分含量最高,为53.62%。3种干燥方式中,热泵干燥卵形鲳鲹的味精当量最高,为4.47谷氨酸钠(MGS)/100 g,表明热泵干燥卵形鲳鲹鱼片的鲜味程度最高。就挥发性风味成分而言,热泵干燥鱼肉酯类和酮类较多,其主要呈现果香味和焙烤坚果味;热风干燥中烃类和芳香类的相对含量约占70%,醛类和酯类相对含量达20%;而冷冻干燥中烃类与芳香类相对含量占到90%以上,醛类和酯类相对含量不足8%,其风味...     

出口冻鱿鱼筒的加工方法

我国海产鲜鱿以北部湾和南澳岛的品质最佳。随着冷冻业的发展，加工鲜冻鱿鱼产量逐渐增加，干品鱿鱼相对减少。而消费者对新鲜鱿鱼的要求也越来越高，由于带皮的鱿鱼滋味较差，而经加工去皮的鲜鱿鱼筒酥脆爽口，备受欢迎。据美商介绍，美国人喜欢将鲜鱿鱼筒切成条状，调配适口的佐料，经油炸制成的各色菜肴，非常时兴。笔者曾按美商提出的要求，     

摄食鱿鱼对小鼠脂质代谢影响的研究

用含10%鱿鱼、猪肉或鸡卵蛋白配制的标准饲料或高胆固醇饲料来喂食小鼠,称量小鼠体重、肝脏、肾脏重量以及精巢脂肪重量,评价不同蛋白质对小鼠成长的影响.测定小鼠的血清总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、高密度脂蛋白和肝脏TC、TG及磷脂(PL)含量,比较鱿鱼和其他蛋白质对小鼠脂肪代谢的影响.结果显示,鱿鱼作为一种优质蛋白质能明显降低正常小鼠和高胆固醇血症模型小鼠的血清总脂水平(P<0.05)以及动脉粥样硬化指数(AI) (P<0.05),虽然对正常小鼠的肝脂水平有一定的升高作用,但对高胆固醇血症小鼠的肝脏脂肪浓度未见显著影响.因此,鱿鱼虽然是高胆固醇食品,但具有较高的营养价值,且可能对由高胆固醇血症引发的动脉粥样硬化不具有危害.     

酶法提取鱿鱼皮胶原蛋白工艺条件的研究

研究了酶法提取鱿鱼皮胶原蛋白的工艺条件。根据5种蛋白酶水解液中羟脯氨酸（HYP）的含量,确定了胰蛋白酶和木瓜蛋白酶这2种提取率高的酶为水解用酶,采用L16（4^5）正交试验确定了这2种酶水解鱿鱼皮以制备胶原蛋白的最佳酶解条件。结果表明,胰蛋白酶和木瓜蛋白酶水解鱿鱼皮以制备胶原蛋白的最佳温度、加酶量、底物浓度、pH、时间分别为55℃、1200U·g^-1、1：20、pH8.0、4h和50℃、3200U·g^-1、1：20、pH6.0、6h。2种蛋白酶提取的胶原蛋白含量分别为11.08%和11.36%,提取率分别为95.16%和97.56%。     

北部湾特色畸心蛤鱿鱼酿加工工艺研究

为开发新型客家风味即食休闲海味产品,以鱿鱼、畸心蛤和海猪肉为研究对象,设计单因素、正交试验,通过感官评定结果对即食畸心蛤鱿鱼酿加工工艺进行优化。结果表明,即食畸心蛤鱿鱼酿的最佳配方为：海猪肉畸心蛤比例1∶3,淀粉添加量3%,烘烤温度160℃,烘烤时间12 min。采用客家饮食文化中的酿菜做法制得的即食畸心蛤鱿鱼酿,风味独特、鱿鱼完整、海味浓郁、口感鲜脆,具有良好的市场前景。     

海带干燥的方法及装置

本发明是利用急速低温干燥来保持海带鲜度的干燥方法，参照干燥装置图加以说明。     

Changes in the Chemical Characteristics of Gulbi,Salted and Dried Yellow Corvenia,During Drying at Different Temperatures

A few chemical characteristics of Gulbi, a traditional Korean seafood prepared from salted and dried Yellow corvenia (Pseudosciaena manchurica), were investigated during drying at different temperatures. When Gulbi was manufactured by sun-drying (the control), it had the highest thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and volatile basic nitrogen (VBN) values. They increased with increasing drying time at all temperatures in the hot-air drier. The TBARS value of Gulbi was lower when dried at 30 and 35°C than at 40°C and the control. The VBN of the control was higher than that of hot-air dried Gulbi at 30 and 35°C and lower than that of hot-air dried Gulbi at 40°C. The control had a VBN value of 20.8 ± 0.07% and the hot-air dried at 30°C, 18.0 ± 0.06; at 35°C, 18.6 ± 0.06; at 40°C, 23.8 ± 0.08 (p < 0.05), respectively. The salt content of the control and Gulbi dried at 30, 35, and 40°C were 22.9 ± 0.07%, 17.7 ± 0.06%, 18.0 ± 0.06%, and 24.3 ± 0.08%, respectively. The amino nitrogen content was much lower: 63.1 ± 0.80 mg/100 g and 65.5 ± 0.14 mg/100 g at 30 and 35°C than 78.3 ± 0.21 mg/100 g at 40°C. The results of this study also indicate that the Gulbi dried at 30 and 35°C had better chemical characteristics than those dried at 40°C when using hot-air drying and sun drying.     

单螺杆挤压鱿肝脏饲料的工艺研究

研究单螺杆挤压鱿肝脏虾饲料的生产工艺,并对研制的鱿肝脏虾饲料进行感官鉴定与饲养试验,对饲料成分分析结果表明,所有饲料蛋白质含量均达到了配方设计的要求(39.5%以上),满足南美白对虾对饲料蛋白质的营养需求,脂肪含量为5.98%~14.29%,其中添加鱿肝脏的饲料脂肪含量较添加鱿肝脏粉的高。感官检验结果表明当单螺杆挤压出口温度为70℃,原料水分含量为30%时,研制的饲料表面质地致密光洁,未出现裂痕。所有单螺杆挤压生产的鱿肝脏虾饲料均匀,水中稳定性好,添加鱿肝脏的虾饲料与添加鱿肝脏粉的饲料,南美白对虾的体重增长较快,尤以鱿肝脏添加量为12.47%的饲料最佳。     

不同干燥方式对封鳊鱼品质的影响

为探明不同干燥方式对封鳊鱼品质及鱼肉理化性质的影响,试验采用自然、冷风、冷冻、冷风—热风联合和热泵5种干燥方式对封鳊鱼进行干燥,研究不同干燥方式对鳊鱼质量损失、干燥速率、硫代巴比妥酸值、挥发性盐基总氮、水分活度、复水率、质构特性和微观结构的影响。试验结果表明,自然干燥的干燥速率低、鱼肉复水率差、氧化最严重、腐败程度较高,但弹性和咀嚼性较好;冷冻干燥的干燥速率最快,鱼肉复水率最高,氧化和腐败程度最低,但弹性和咀嚼性差;冷风干燥的干燥速率低,但鱼肉复水率较好,仅低于冷冻干燥,氧化和腐败程度也仅高于冷冻干燥,且弹性和咀嚼性最好;热泵干燥的干燥速率较高,但鱼肉复水率低、氧化和腐败程度均较高、质构特性较差;联合干燥的干燥速率较快,但鱼肉复水率最低、腐败最严重、质构特性差。     

The Rheological Properties and Structural Changes of Abalone Meat with Different Drying Methods

Changes in tissue structure and rheological properties of abalone meat with cold air drying and natural drying were studied. Natural drying took 168 h, while cold air drying took 120 h, which was 71% of natural drying. Nutrition loss of cold air drying abalone meat was less than that of natural drying samples. Muscle fibers in heated samples reassembled, and voids in muscular tissue extended. With drying time increasing, muscle fibers in abalone meat shrank, and the size of aperture among myofibrils decreased. While drying finished, myofibrils in cold air drying abalone meat had a homogeneous network structure, which was fit for water restoration. Rheological properties (elasticity modulus E, viscosity modulus η, and rupture strength) in heated samples were smaller than those in raw samples, while the relaxation time τ was greater. During the drying process, E, η, and rupture strength tended to increase, and the relaxation time τ had no significant regularity changes. Compared with natural drying, the cold air drying had more advantages in actual production as the drying time was shorter, and the drying process and sanitary conditions were easy to control.     

Role of sorbitol in manufacturing dried seafood from heated squid meat

SUMMARY: Japanese common squid meat was heat-treated at 80°C for 1 min, cured with 1.0 M sorbitol solution (pH 7.0) at 4°C for 18 h, and dried further at 30°C (60% relative humidity) for 16 h. Osmotic dehydration during the sorbitol curing process and slow moisture vaporization at the initial drying period were observed regardless of the heat denaturation of muscle protein. Simultaneously, lowering the amount of moisture vaporized in the falling rate of the drying period caused a shortening of the total drying time. Furthermore, the shear force of the dried product from heat-treated meat was kept at a lower value by sorbitol curing, although the suppression effect of sorbitol on the hardening of dried meat was lost by protein denaturation. These results are useful for understanding the role of sorbitol in reducing drying time and in eliminating excess hardening of dried squid products.     

干燥方法及保存条件对小球藻粉脂肪酸含量和种类组成的影响

研究了低温烘干、真空冻干和微波干燥3种干燥方式对蛋白核小球藻粗脂肪、脂肪酸含量和种类组成的影响及不同保存条件下脂肪酸的变化规律。试验结果表明,低温烘干藻粉的粗脂肪含量明显低于真空冻干藻粉和微波干燥藻粉。3种干燥方式对小球藻脂肪酸含量无显著影响,但藻粉颜色明显不同。藻粉脂肪酸含量与鲜藻之间无显著差异。在小球藻粉保存过程中,脂肪酸种类组成保持不变。藻粉在常温(14.5～18.5℃)下保存半年、4℃下保存1年时,多不饱和脂肪酸含量显著减少,饱和脂肪酸和单不饱和脂肪酸含量显著增加。在-24℃下保存1年时,各脂肪酸含量无明显变化。     

Effect of sorbitol on moisture transportation and textural change of fish and squid meats during curing and drying processes

SUMMARY: Atka mackerel (Am) and Japanese common squid (Sq) meats were cured in 0.5–1.5 M sorbitol solutions (pH 7.0) and dried at 30°C (relative humidity, 60%), and the effect of sorbitol on the moisture transportation and textural change during the curing and drying processes was investigated. With an increase in sorbitol permeated through samples, the moisture contents decreased by 52% (Am) and 42% (Sq) by curing in 1.5 M sorbitol solution. When the cured meats were dried, slow moisture vaporization occurred at the initial drying period, and the critical moisture content significantly decreased with an increase in the sorbitol content of the cured meats. Further, the hardening of the dried products was effectively suppressed by sorbitol curing. These effects of sorbitol would contribute to the reduction of drying time and particularly the elimination of the excess hardening of dried fish products.     

Fresh-Keeping Effects of Melanin-Free Extract From Squid Ink on Yellowfin Sea Bream (Sparus latus) During Cold Storage

Squid ink, a by-product from the squid production process, has been demonstrated to be a multifunctional marine bioactive material that can promote freshness of shiokara and peeled shrimp. However, the preservative effect it has on marine fish as well as its preservative mechanisms are still unknown. In this article, Sparus latus was used as a model to assess the preservative effects and the possible mechanism of the ink through chemical parameters, antibacterial effect, and sensory analysis. Melanin-free extract from squid ink at a concentration of 45 mg/mL and pH 8.5 was revealed to be effective in prolonging cold storage shelf life of Sparus latus, which was confirmed through comprehensive sensory analysis evaluation and measurement of chemical changes including pH, microbial count, total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N) value, and nucleotide analysis. It was also discovered that the extract mainly suppressed putrefying bacteria separated from Sparus latus, and the bacteriostatic range was confirmed to be wide. Squid ink significantly prolonged the cold storage period of Sparus latus, indicating that it may be developed to be a natural preservative for marine products.     

Quality Indices of Squid (Photololigo duvaucelii) and Cuttlefish (Sepia aculeata) Stored in Ice

The objective quality indices of squid (Photololigo duvaucelii) and cuttlefish (Sepia aculeata) stored in ice were compared with the subjective counterparts. Sensory (overall quality rating, quality index method [QIM], and multisample difference test), microbiological (total viable count [TVC], psychrophilic count), chemical (trichloroacetic acid-soluble peptide [TCA-soluble peptide], trimethylamine nitrogen [TMA-N], total volatile bases nitrogen [TVB-N], ammonia content, and protein pattern), and physical analyses (expressible drip, color, and texture) were determined in both species during 16 days of iced storage. As storage time increased, TCA-soluble peptide, TVB, ammonia content, and expressible drip were increased (p < 0.05). TMA content was markedly increased after 10 and 8 days of storage in squid and cuttlefish, respectively. Both TVC and psychrophilic count increased as the storage time increased (p < 0.01). Myosin heavy chain was degraded with coincidental decrease in shear force and sensory texture during storage (p < 0.05). According to the overall rating score, shelf life of both species in ice was estimated to be 6 days. The increases in ammonia content and expressible drip were highly correlated with the decrease in overall quality rating and increase in quality index score of squid and cuttlefish (p < 0.01).     

Effects of Heat Pump Drying Parameters on the Volatile Flavor Compounds in Silver Carp

ABSTRACT

Effects of various heat pump drying parameters (temperature, air velocity, bypass air ratio, and drying time) on the volatile compounds in silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) were studied. These parameters determined the drying rate and influenced the formation of the volatile flavor compounds. High temperatures strongly promoted the volatile flavor compounds’ formation. Temperature increase from 5 to 35°C induced increase in the total various volatile compounds (including alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, and acids) content, total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N), and thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS). However, high temperatures (> 35°C) led to many unpleasant volatile odors. Increase in the air velocity (0.35–1.65 m s^?1) and bypass ratio (0.2:1.0) led to increases in the volatile compound contents but decreases in the TVB-N and TBARS values. The TVB-N content was the lowest in all the samples when the bypass air ratio value was 0.6. The drying time had negative effects both on the generation of volatile flavor compounds and TVB-N and TBARS. We found that the optimal temperature, velocity, bypass ratio, and time for our process were 20°C, 1.65 m s^?1, 0.6, and 36 h, respectively.