如何开展农机合作社承载土地规模经营

土地流转规模经营是当前的发展方向,是农民增收的有效渠道。把越来越多的农民从土地上解放出来,才能真正推进城乡经济社会发展一体化,实现农业现代化。农业机械化是土地流转规模经营的重要载体,如何充分发挥农业机械化作用,加快土地流转,促进土地规模经营是摆在我们面前的一个新课题。     

抓住机遇,努力开创农机推广工作的新局面

近年来,随着现代农业的快速发展和农民种植观念的进一步转变,各种新型农机具的推广、引进成为加速农业发展进程的重要手段之一,而各级农机推广部门作为这些新技术转化的纽带,正发挥着越来越重要的作用。如何抓住机遇、面对现实、适时地满足广大农民的需求,成为摆在农机推广部门面前的主要课题。下面,就孟村县农机推广工作的现实,谈一下存在的问题及发展思路。一、农机推广机构现状孟村县农机推广机构建立于1984年,作为政府引导农民使用先进农机化技术的主导力量,在发展农村生产力、促进农业增效、农民增收和推进传统农业向现代化农业的转变…     

民和县农业机械化发展问题探讨

民和县农村经济已进入一个重要的转折时期,农业经济工作的核心已由增加农业总量转为农业增效和农民增收。面对新形势,农机管理部门如何才能适应新时期农业发展的需要并有所作为,成为摆在所有农机工作者面前的一个十分重要和紧迫的课题。为此,分析了青海省民和县农业机械化发展现状以及存在的问题,提出了新时期农业机械化发展的思路和对策。     

加强农机培训, 促进农机化发展

<正>随着现代农业的发展,农业机械化在农业生产中的作用越来越被广大农民所认可,特别是近年来的农机购置补贴惠农政策的实施,大量农机具应用到农业生产,而直接与农机化发展程度相联系的农机化培训工作则明显滞后,已经跟不上现代农业发展水平。如何加强农机化教育培训,加强农机驾驶、操作、维修人员培训工作,成为摆在基层农机工作者面前的一大新课题。     

麟游县农机安全监理工作现状分析

"十一五"以来,陕西省麟游县农业机械数量逐年攀升,机型种类日益增多,而农机安全监督管理工作,不仅关系到农业和农村经济的发展,而且更关系到广大农民群众的生命财产安全,同时会影响到农村稳定和社会和谐进步。加强农业机械的安全监督管理,消除事故隐患,确保农民生命财产安全,保障农业机械化事业持续、快速、健康、安全发展,已成为摆在人们面前的首     

关于农机化发展的几点思考

目前．农业机械作为重要的生产工具已经进入了千家万户．小型农机具实现了大的发展．农机技术得到普及,广大农民从农业机械的使用中获得了利益,从而增强了农民经营农机的市场意识．调动了农民购置农机具的积极性。如何进一步推进农机化发展水平,改善农业生产环境．加快农业现代化进程,是摆在我们面前的一项重要课题。     

农田作业智能管理器应用分析

<正>随着农村劳动力向城市转移,农业机械在农业生产的各个领域被广泛应用,农业生产对农机的依赖性越来越强,农民对农业机械田间作业的质量要求也越来越高。近几年来,国家为提高粮食作物单产,提高农民种粮的积极性,鼓励农民使用先进的农机具、先进的耕作技术,并对使用者给予一定的作业补贴。如何对机具作业质量和政府补贴的农业项目进行有效的监督和管理,是摆在农户和农机管理部门面前的一个全新挑战。针对农业机械的田间作业,虽然制定有《农业机械     

泸州市江阳区农机保险面临的问题及建议

随着“新农村建设”步伐的推进和中央对农业机械各类补贴的加大,农业机械化发展呈现良好势头。农业机械数量的增多和广泛运用,为农村经济的发展和农业增产、农民增收创造了条件,但同时增大了农机安全生产事故发生率。农机安全事故的发生,特别是恶性农机安全事故所造成的机毁人亡的后果,不可避免的使当事人蒙受巨大经济损失。随着“交强险”的出台,面对经济基础薄弱地区的农业机械,保险工作何去何从,成了摆在农业机械所有人和管理者面前需要解决的重要问题。     

荆门市农业机械化现状及发展对策

荆门市农机化事业经过半个世纪的发展,已经成为全市农业增效、农民增收的重要基础.随着我国加入WTO,农业面临着新的发展机遇和严峻挑战.农业结构的调整,对农机化的发展既带来机遇,也提出了新的要求、新的挑战.如何认识和把握我市农机化工作的现状,正确地解决存在的问题,服务"三农",提高农业的劳动生产率、土地产出率、资源利用率和农产品商品率,是摆在我们面前的重要课题.     

新形势下如何做好农机监理工作

近年来，随着党的惠农政策不断加大，农民购买农业机械出现了新的高潮，农业机械极大的促进了农业和农村经济的增长，如何管好用好现有的农业机械是摆在农机监理面前的一项艰巨工作，农机监理负责查隐患，纠违章，保安全的重任同时面临着许多新的问题，所以迫切需要农机监理干部转变思想观念、工作做法，才能保证农业机械优质、低耗、安全、高效的为农业生产服务，才能保证农机化事业安全、健康发展。     

畜禽设施精细养殖中信息感知与环境调控综述

畜禽设施精细养殖是现代畜牧业发展的前沿领域,其核心在于物联网与传统设施养殖的深度融合。近年来,随着传统家庭式养殖模式逐渐退出,中国畜禽养殖场的管理方式已逐步迈向集约化、规模化和设施化,基于养殖动物个体管理和质量保障且满足动物福利要求的畜禽设施精细化养殖已成为畜禽养殖业的最新发展趋势。本文在阐述畜禽设施精细养殖信息感知与环境调控的重要性的基础上,介绍了信息感知与环境调控相关前沿技术,分析了面临的问题与挑战,指出智能传感器技术将成为推动畜禽设施精细养殖进步的底层驱动技术,兼顾畜禽福利和生产性能的动物拟人化智能调控技术和策略等是面临的重要挑战。最后,就中国畜禽设施精细养殖关键技术如何落地提出了相关建议,旨在为中国畜禽设施养殖业的转型升级和可持续发展提供理论参考和技术支撑。     

Conversion to organic arable farming in The Netherlands: A dynamic linear programming analysis

Several studies show that organic farming is more profitable than conventional farming. However, in reality not many farmers convert to organic farming. Policy makers and farmers do not have clear insight into factors which hamper or stimulate the conversion to organic farming. The objective of this paper is to develop a dynamic linear programming model to analyse the effects of different limiting factors on the conversion process of farms over time. The model is developed for a typical arable farm in The Netherlands central clay region, and is based on two static liner programming models (conventional and organic). The objective of the model is to maximise the net present value over a 10-year planning horizon. The results of the analysis of a basic scenario show that conversion to organic farming is more profitable than staying conventional. In order to arrive at the actual profitable phase of organic farming, the farmer has to pass through the economically difficult 2-year conversion period. Sensitivity analysis shows that if depreciation is 25% higher than conventional fixed costs due to machinery made superfluous by conversion, conversion is less profitable than staying conventional. Also the availability of hired labour, which can be constrained in peak periods, has a strong effect on the cropping plan and the amount of area converted. Further analysis shows that a slight drop (2%) in organic prices lowers the labour income of the farmer and makes conversion less profitable than conventional farming. For farmers, a minimum labour income can be required to ‘survive’. The analysis shows that constraint on minimum labour income makes stepwise conversion the best way for farmers to overcome economic difficulties during conversion.     

农业综合开发支持西部山区发展现代农业的调查与思考

党的十七届三中全会提出,发展现代农业,必须按照高产、优质、高效、生态、安全的要求,加快转变农业发展方式,推进农业科技进步和创新,加强农业物质技术装备,健全农业产业体系．提高土地产出率、资源利用率、劳动生产率,增强农业抗风险能力、国际竞争能力、可持续发展能力。因此,当前和今后一个时期建设现代农业已成为全党和全民的共识,在西部山区县如何构建起适应现代农业发展需要的农业综合开发运作模式．对促进西部山区县的现代农业发展尤为重要。     

基于计算机视觉的奶牛生理参数监测与疾病诊断研究进展及挑战

利用先进的信息技术推动智能养殖业发展已经成为奶牛养殖研究领域的重要目标和任务。计算机视觉技术具有非接触、免应激、低成本及高通量等优点,在畜牧生产中应用前景广阔。本文在阐述了计算机视觉技术在智能化养殖业发展中重要性的基础上,首先介绍了基于计算机视觉的奶牛生理参数监测进展,包括体尺、体温、体重的前沿监测设备、技术和模型参数。然后阐述了奶牛跛行及乳腺炎等疾病诊断的前沿技术发展过程和研究现状。目前,相关技术研究和应用推广存在检测准确性不高,受环境因素影响较大,非标准化养殖场结构制约检测系统普及,以及检测系统成本较高等问题和挑战。最后,本文结合中国养殖业发展现状,针对保证检测准确性、减少环境干扰等问题,就如何提高计算机视觉技术在智能化养殖业中的准确性和普适性提出了相关建议,旨在为中国奶牛养殖业的科学管理和现代化生产提供新方法和新思路。     

农民职业化在发展现代农业中的作用

随着我国城镇化进程的加快，农村空心化的问题日益严重。如何把农民留在土地上，如何让“农民”成为一种职业，让农民获得更大的归属感和经济收益，已经成为一个刻不容缓的问题。该文从国家政策、产业发展和农民职业化培训等不同层面，阐述了农民职业化在发展现代农业中的重要作用。      

我国农机检测仪器设备的现状及发展趋势

为了促进农机检测仪器设备研究和应用的发展,提高农机产品检测质量,研制和应用先进的检测仪器设备具有重要的意义。为此,介绍了我国农机检测仪器设备的发展历程;从应用和研究两方面分析了国内田间作业的农机产品所用的检测仪器设备的现状和存在的不足;指出虚拟仪器技术的广泛应用和现场、实时、快速测试及其监控是今后农机检测仪器设备的发展方向。     

GAMEDE: A global activity model for evaluating the sustainability of dairy enterprises. Part II – Interactive simulation of various management strategies with diverse stakeholders

GAMEDE is a stock-flow dynamic simulation model designed with farmers to represent dairy farm functioning and the consequences of the farmer’s daily management decisions for whole-farm sustainability. Sustainability is evaluated according to its three pillars: technico-economic viability, respect for environment, and social liveability. The model provides original information for a better understanding of the processes regulating nitrogen dynamics within the farm, and the factors determining farmers’ decisions and practices. Model implementation experiments have revealed that GAMEDE is also a useful tool to support discussions and to generate knowledge exchange among various stakeholders who play an important role in the development of farm sustainability: farmers, extension agents and researchers.While a majority of researchers and advisers are specialised and a majority of farmers fix their attention on specific and narrow themes of farm management, such a comprehensive model can help stakeholders complement their knowledge to gain a holistic view of the farming system. This holistic and integrated view is crucial: (i) for researchers who wish to explain diversity in farming systems and understand decisional and biophysical processes and their interrelated effects operating in such complex agro-ecosystems, (ii) for advisers whose aim is to define alternative management strategies applicable in practice, i.e. taking into account farm specificities, and (iii) for farmers who must choose practices compatible with their resources, assets, constraints and objectives.Holism can also improve versatility and thus the generic character of models. Issues are narrowly specified and greatly vary both among categories of stakeholders (e.g. scientists versus farmers) and within each category (e.g. among farmers). A comprehensive model that: (i) details all farm management operations, and (ii) represents their effects on different spatio-temporal levels and on the three sustainability dimensions, is more likely to respond to the various issues facing different stakeholders. We argue that capacity of models to respond to stakeholders’ questions has to be considered in future evaluations of decision support systems.     

Modelling farm-level economic potential for conversion to organic farming

This paper discusses linear programming simulations at individual farm-level of potential income changes that may result from conversion to organic farming. The model is based on both conventional farm accountancy data and additional conventional and organic farm data from sector expertise and literature. The model is applied for Belgian agriculture. Simulations show that economic potential for conversion is higher than generally perceived, provided that farmers are willing to change farm management practices. However, the economic conversion potential (ECP) is not positive for all farms, not even when an optimal conversion process is assumed and it depends on farm type and farm characteristics. Additionally, due to higher risk and liquidity problems during the transition period, the positive results need to be put into perspective. Nevertheless, the differentiated ECP calculations can give new insights supporting farm-level policy choices with respect to conversion to organic farming.     

作物生产给植物提供真正所需

精准农业的目的就是要按照作物生长需要有针对性地进行栽培管理。该文从耕种方式、播种方式、施肥方式以及农田作业轨迹方面出发,介绍了现行一些精准农业发展情况,同时指出了所面临的问题及发展方向。      

对旱作农业耕作机械系统的研究

首先从宏观上论述了国内外旱作农业耕作机械的发展历程;研究了旱作农业耕作机械发展的3个阶段;探讨了旱作农业机械耕作方法所存在的问题及旱作农业耕作机械系统.在此基础上,分析了适合我国农业可持续发展的农业耕作机械系统.农业耕作机械将逐步向智能化和自动化方向发展,最终使我国农业走上可持续发展的道路.