Early Pregnancy Diagnosis by Serum Progesterone and Ultrasound in Sheep Carrying Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer-Derived Pregnancies

Early pregnancy diagnosis and monitoring play an important role following embryo transfer in sheep. The aims of the current study were to investigate (i) the pattern of serum progesterone profiles in sheep carrying somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT)‐derived (clone) pregnancies, and (ii) the frequency of pregnancy loss during development following SCNT embryo transfer. Sheep SCNT embryos were made using standard nuclear transfer techniques. Day 7 embryos were surgically transferred to oestrus‐synchronized recipients (n = 27). As a control, normal fertile ewes (n = 12) were bred by natural breeding. Serum was collected from all the ewes on the day of estrus (day 0 sample), 7 days post‐estrus (day 7 sample) and 19 days post‐estrus (day 19 sample) and every 10 days thereafter until lambing or pregnancy loss occurred. Serum progesterone (P4) was assessed using enzyme immunoassay. Pregnancy was confirmed by ultrasound scanning on day 35 of pregnancy followed by subsequent scanning every 10 days. In control ewes, pregnancy rate on day 35 was 83.3% (10/12), whereas in the ewes that received SCNT embryos, it was 22.2% (6/27; p < 0.05). The day 45 pregnancy rate in the control ewes was 83.3%, whereas in the SCNT embryo recipients it was 11.0% (p < 0.05). Hormone analysis revealed that SCNT embryo recipients exhibited a significantly lower P4 profiles at different time points in pregnancy compared to controls (p < 0.05). This study highlights the use of serum progesterone in combination with ultrasound for the investigation of embryo loss and crucial times during development of normal and SCNT embryos in sheep. Further, the serum P4 levels directly reflect the degree of placental development in these two groups.     

用猪用妊娠诊断剂对山羊进行早期妊娠诊断试验

选择配种后 2 0± 2d的黄淮母山羊 16 4只 ,随机分为试验组 90只和对照组 74只 ,探讨“猪用妊娠诊断剂”对山羊早期妊娠诊断效果。结果表明 ,试验组肌注妊娠诊断剂 ,检出空怀准确率为 92 % (P <0 0 1) ,检出妊娠准确率为 30 % ,而分娩率和双胎率分别低于对照组 5 2 %和33 4 % (P >0 0 5 )。综合分析认为雌激素类妊娠诊断剂不适合于山羊早期妊娠诊断。     

Early Breeding and Pregnancy Diagnosis in Syrian Awassi Sheep Yearlings

Contents
Fifty-nine female yearlings of local Awassi sheep were randomly divided into two groups. Animals in group T (treated) were fitted with intravaginal sponges containing 60 mg of medroxyprogesterone acetate for 14 days followed by 400 IU of pregnant mare's serum gonadotrophin (PMSG) at sponge withdrawal, whereas group C (control) received no treatment. Oestrus rate was 92.7 and 11.2% for groups T and C, respectively. Lambing rate was 78 and 5.6% for groups T and C, respectively. Twinning rate was 31.3% in group T compared to zero in group C. Average birth weight for single born lambs (4.7 ± 0.6 kg) was significantly (p < 0.05) higher than twin born lambs (3.0 ± 0.5 kg) in group T. The average concentration of blood progesterone collected between days 17–19 after mating was 19.30 nmol/l and the accuracy of early pregnancy diagnosis was 100%. It was concluded that, it is possible to induce synchronized oestrus, and to increase the twinning rate in Syrian Awassi sheep yearlings outside the breeding season, using intravaginal sponges and PMSG. In addition, early pregnancy diagnosis could be successfully determined in female Awassi sheep yearlings between days 17–19 after mating.     

采用血小板计数法对绵羊进行超早期妊娠诊断研究

选择70只健康多浪羊母羊,分为2组:经人工授精受配母羊60只(试验组),未受配母羊10只(对照组)。采用血小板计数法对60只受配母羊进行早期妊娠诊断。结果显示,在配种后第7天怀孕母羊血小板数值降低(74±59.98)×109个/L,与未配种对照母羊血小板值相比,差异极显著(P<0.01);检测受孕羊54只,未孕羊6只,经与临床妊娠检查及产羔结果比较,已孕羊妊娠符合率为92.59%,未孕羊符合率为83.33%,总符合率达91.66%。     

B超妊娠诊断技术在转基因山羊生产中的应用

用配有7．5MHz探头的超声扫描仪，以胎盘子叶作为主要的判断依据。对310只转基因胚胎移植的受体山羊进行早期妊娠诊断，对检出的怀孕母羊进行了相应的处理。结果表明；胚胎移植后60～65天试验母羊妊娠诊断阴性(B超判断未怀孕)的准确率为98．1％，妊娠诊断阳性准确率为100％。     

实时超声扫描对母犬早期怀孕诊断的研究

应用电子扫描装置阿洛佳 (ALOKA) 2 10F对 76只母犬进行早期怀孕诊断研究 ,其探测结果 :最早出现胚囊、胚胎、胎心博动、胎动的时间分别为配种后 8～ 11d、2 1d、2 7d和 2 9d。 30d时可辨胎儿四肢和脊柱。并能准确地观察母犬子宫积脓病例     

母海狸鼠早期怀孕的诊断

采用MCD Ⅰ型检侧仪对 16 2 0只海狸鼠进行了早期怀孕诊断 ,并与分娩记录相比较 ,其符合率高 ,最早探测宫血音、胎心音、胎血音时间分别为 8,12 ,16d。宫血音诊断与分娩记录符合率在配种后 10～ 15d ,16～ 2 5d分别为 97 7% ,10 0 % ;未怀孕的符合率为 10 0 %。本试验还采用AlokaSSD 2 10DXⅡ型超声诊断装置 (超声断层扫描、B超 )鉴定了已用MCD Ⅰ型检测仪诊断为怀孕的母海狸鼠 2 3只 ,这两种检测结果一致。超声断层扫描最早可在配种后 8～ 13d对怀孕作出诊断 ,故证明MCD Ⅱ型检测仪检测宫血音的效果是可靠的 ,因此 ,母海狸鼠的早期怀孕诊断可用宫血音阳性和超声断层扫描作为其判定怀孕的主要依据     

应用EPF抗血清进行奶牛超早期妊娠诊断的研究

为了建立一种快速、高效的奶牛早期和超早期妊娠诊断的方法,采用多肽合成仪合成了早孕因子(EPF)的部分肽段(MC29),将MC29与载体蛋白BSA连接后免疫Balb/C小鼠,制备EPF抗血清,用EPF抗血清阻断ELISA对6头奶牛进行超早期妊娠诊断。结果表明:妊娠10～21d的4头奶牛血清检测均为阴性,2头未妊娠奶牛血清均为阴性,该结果与输精2个月后的直肠检查和B超鉴定的结果相一致。说明应用EPF抗血清进行阻断ELISA可以准确的进行奶牛超早期妊娠诊断。     

孕酮在反刍动物早期妊娠中的免疫耐受作用

孕酮的内分泌调节与免疫功能对动物早期妊娠建立和维持十分重要。目前,在反刍动物生产中,胚胎丢失、早期流产等问题一直困扰着养殖户,而孕酮引起的免疫耐受机制还不很清楚。作者通过介绍孕酮的来源及作用方式、孕酮与机体免疫、孕酮介导妊娠免疫耐受等内容,阐述了孕酮在反刍动物早期妊娠中的免疫耐受作用,为孕酮在妊娠免疫耐受方面的研究提供理论参考。     

现场诊断奶牛早孕与发情的酶免疫分析法的改进

报道了一种建立并经改进的现场检测乳汁孕酮诊断奶牛早 和发情的酶免疫分析法，有准、早、易、安全等优点。     

应用B超探测子叶诊断绵羊早期妊娠的研究

应用B超对26只同期发情配种的美利奴母羊进行了妊娠诊断的研究。选择乳房两旁与膝皱襞之间无毛区域为扫描部位。每只母羊从配种后20天开始,每隔10天检查一次,并于第145天剖腹探查证实结果,以影像显示胎儿及其附属物为妊娠依据。结果,诊断配种后20、30和40天的早期妊娠准确率比较低,分别为18%(3/7)59%(10/17)和88%(15/17);而以扫描妊娠子叶为妊娠阳性诊断依据,相对时期内所得结果比较好,分别为64%(11/17)、94%(16/17)和100%(17/17)。使用两种不同的诊断妊娠指标,以上各阶段所得空怀准确率均为100%(9/9)。剖检妊娠25天的绵羊子宫,肉眼观察子叶的大小和形状已与空怀母羊的子宫肉阜有明显的区别。从而证明绵羊配种后50天以前的早期妊娠诊断可用B超扫描妊娠子叶为妊娠依据,且诊断速度快,效果好,但无法鉴别多胎妊娠。