The E5 transforming gene of bovine papillomavirus encodes a small, hydrophobic polypeptide

Bovine papillomavirus (BPV-1) contains two independent transforming genes that have been mapped to the E5 and E6 open reading frames (ORF's). The E5 transforming protein was identified by means of an antiserum against a synthetic peptide corresponding to the 20 COOH-terminal amino acids of the E5 ORF. The E5 polypeptide is the smallest viral transforming protein yet characterized; it had an apparent size of 7 kilodaltons. The transforming polypeptide is encoded entirely within the second half of the E5 ORF and its predicted amino acid composition is very unusual; 68% of the amino acids are strongly hydrophobic and 34% are leucine. Cell fractionation studies localized this polypeptide predominantly to cellular membranes.     

Rat transforming growth factor type 1: structure and relation to epidermal growth factor

The complete amino acid sequence of rat transforming growth factor type 1 has been determined. This growth factor, obtained from retrovirus-transformed fibroblasts, is structurally and functionally related to mouse epidermal growth factor and human urogastrone. Production of this polypeptide by various neoplastic cells might contribute to the continued expression of the transformed phenotype.     

刺参多功能表皮生长因子6(megf6)cDNA克隆及在肠再生过程中的表达分析

为了探究刺参Apostichopus japonicus多功能表皮生长因子6(multiple epidermal growth factor 6)的生物学信息和功能,利用RACE技术克隆了体质量为(92.0±4.0)g的成体刺参megf6基因(Aj-megf6)cDNA全长序列,并分析了该基因的信息学特征及其在肠再生过程中表达水平的变化。结果表明:刺参megf6基因的cDNA序列全长为5665 bp,共编码了1604个氨基酸,具有37个EGF样结构域;该基因编码蛋白的相对分子质量为172 500,理论等电点为4.74,该蛋白具有信号肽,为分泌蛋白,属于亲水性、非跨膜蛋白,共有53个磷酸化位点,分别为23个Ser位点、12个Thr位点、18个Tyr位点;MEGF6氨基酸多序列比对发现,刺参MEGF6与其他物种的氨基酸序列一致性为38.59%～49.07%,其中与紫球海胆Strongylocentrotus purpuratus的一致性最高,为49.07%,其次为长棘海星Acanthaster planci(48.71%);基于MEGF6氨基酸序列的系统进化树分析显示,刺参与紫球海胆、长棘海星聚为一支,该结果符合刺参的分类和进化地位,MEGF家族成员间比对分析显示,MEGF家族成员间具有一定的分化;实时定量PCR (qPCR)结果显示,在刺参肠再生过程中megf6 mRNA表达量呈先升高后降低的趋势,其中再生6 d时的表达量达到峰值,为对照组的126.47倍,再生18 d时降至正常水平。研究表明,刺参megf6基因的表达与刺参肠管形态的变化趋势相一致,推断megf6可能在刺参肠再生过程中发挥重要作用。     

Amplification and enhanced expression of the epidermal growth factor receptor gene in A431 human carcinoma cells

The sequence of the human epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor shows great homology with the avian erythroblastosis virus v-erb B oncogene, raising the possibility that the receptor gene is identical to the c-erb B protooncogene. Human A431 epidermoid carcinoma cells, which have an unusually high number of EGF receptors, were examined to determine whether elevated EGF receptor levels correlate with gene amplification. Southern blots of genomic DNA's from A431 and other human cell lines were probed with either a v-erb B gene fragment or a human EGF receptor complementary DNA clone (pE7), previously isolated from an A431 complementary DNA library. When either probe was used to analyze Eco RI- or Hind III-generated DNA fragments, EGF receptor DNA sequences were amplified about 30-fold in A431. Differences in the banding pattern of A431 DNA fragments relative to normal fibroblast DNA indicate the occurrence of a rearrangement in the region of the receptor gene. Furthermore, A431 cells contain a characteristic, prominent 2.9-kilobase RNA. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that, in A431 cells, gene amplification, possibly associated with a translocation event, may result in the overproduction of EGF receptor protein or the appearance of the transformed phenotype (or both).     

Transforming growth factor-alpha: a more potent angiogenic mediator than epidermal growth factor

Transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF-alpha) and epidermal growth factor (EGF) are structurally related peptides. Purified human TGF-alpha produced in Escherichia coli and pure natural mouse EGF were compared for their ability to bind to target cells in vitro and to promote angiogenesis in the hamster cheek pouch bioassay. Both polypeptides were found to bind in vitro to several target cells, including endothelial cells, and to stimulate their DNA synthesis in an equipotent fashion. In vivo, however, TGF-alpha was more potent than EGF in promoting angiogenesis and, because TGF-alpha is known to be secreted by a variety of human tumors, it is suggested that this growth factor may contribute to tumor-induced angiogenesis.     

A physiological role of epidermal growth factor in male reproductive function

Epidermal growth factor (EGF) stimulates the proliferation of various mammalian cells in culture, but its physiological role is not well defined. In mature male mice, large amounts of EGF are produced in the submandibular gland; it is present in the circulation at approximately 5 nanograms of EGF per milliliter of plasma. Sialoadenectomy (removal of the submandibular glands) decreased the amount of circulating EGF to an undetectable level but did not affect the circulating levels of testosterone or follicle-stimulating hormone. The number of mature sperm in the epididymis decreased by as much as 55 percent; the number of spermatids in the testis decreased by 40 to 50 percent; and the number of spermatocytes increased by about 20 percent. Administration of EGF to sialoadenectomized mice restored both the sperm content of the epididymis and the number of spermatids in the testis to normal. Thus, EGF may play a role in male reproductive function by stimulating the meiotic phase of spermatogenesis.     

不同藻类与混养比例对刺参与马粪海胆生长、体成分和消化酶活性的影响

为研究不同藻类、刺参Apostichopus japonicus与马粪海胆Hemicentrotus pulcherrimus混养比例对刺参与马粪海胆生长、体成分和消化酶活性的影响,在水温9.5～16.5℃下,将体质量为(0.38±0.15) g的马粪海胆与体质量为(1.24±0.17) g的刺参混养于幼参育苗车间白色塑料箱(30 cm×40 cm×50 cm)中,各组刺参的初始放养质量为20 g,再按照胆参质量比3∶1、2∶1、1∶1、1∶2、1∶3投放马粪海胆,各组分别投喂新鲜黏膜藻Leathesia difformis(H组,H1～H5)或孔石莼Ulva pertusa(L组,L1～L5)各20 g,对照组(D组)仅投喂配合饲料20 g。结果表明:藻类种类和胆参混养比例对刺参增重率(WGR)及特定生长率(SGR)有显著性影响(P<0.05),黏膜藻组在胆参比为3∶1时,刺参特定生长率最高(0.94%/d);孔石莼组在胆参比为2∶1时,刺参SGR最高(1.36%/d);不同藻类和胆参混养比例对海胆生长有显著性影响(P<0.05),海胆的SGR均随胆参混养比例的减小而递增,在同一混养比例下,L组海胆SGR显著高于H组(P<0.05);刺参肠道的胰蛋白酶(TRY)、淀粉酶(AMS)活性随胆参混养比例的降低呈递减趋势,其中,L1和L2组两组间无显著性差异(P>0.05),但均显著高于其他各组(P<0.05);相同混养比例下,L组胰蛋白酶和淀粉酶活性高于H组(P<0.05);而脂肪酶(LPS)活性仅受胆参混养比例的影响,且随胆参混养比例的降低而递减;胆参混养比例对H组、L组刺参体壁水分、粗脂肪含量均无显著性影响(P>0.05),粗蛋白质含量随胆参混养比例的减小呈先增加后降低趋势,其中L3组最高(39.10%),且显著高于其他各试验组(P<0.05)。研究表明,以孔石莼为饵料时,胆参适宜混养比例为2∶1,而以黏膜藻为饵料时,则为3∶1,研究结果可为构建综合养殖模式及防控刺参池塘大型藻类暴发性增殖提供数据支持。     

Production of an epidermal growth factor receptor-related protein

Human epidermoid carcinoma A431 cells in culture produce a soluble 105-kilodalton protein which, by the criteria of epidermal growth factor (EGF) binding, recognition by monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies to the EGF receptor, amino-terminal sequence analysis and carbohydrate content, is related to the cell surface domain of the EGF receptor. The high rate of production and the finding that with biosynthetic labeling the specific activity of this 105-kilodalton protein exceeds that of the intact receptor indicate that it is not derived from membrane-bound mature receptor but is separately produced by the cell. These cells thus separately synthesize an EGF receptor that is inserted into the membrane and an EGF receptor-related protein that is secreted.     

Modulation of epidermal growth factor receptors on 3T3 cells by platelet-derived growth factor

Platelet-derived growth factor does not compete with epidermal growth factor (EGF) for binding to EGF receptors on the murine 3T3 cell surface, but it modulates EGF receptors in two ways: (i) it induces a transient down regulation of EGF receptors and (ii) it inhibits EGF-induced down regulation of EGF receptors. These data suggest a common cellular internalization mechanism for the receptors for both hormones.     

虾夷马粪海胆CYP51基因cDNA的克隆及其SNPs分析

采用RT-PCR、PCR-SSCP等分子生物学技术和关联分析等方法对虾夷马粪海胆Strongylocentrotusintermedius CYP51基因的cDNA序列进行了克隆和单核苷酸多态性分析。结果表明:虾夷马粪海胆的CYP51基因包括一个1 491 bp的开放阅读框,编码496个氨基酸;其开放阅读框的第161个核苷酸处存在1个单核苷酸多态性,即核苷酸发生了A→G突变。关联分析结果表明,该单核苷酸多态性与虾夷马粪海胆的体质量、性腺质量之间存在显著相关性(P<0.05)。本研究中首次克隆了虾夷马粪海胆CYP51基因的cDNA序列并进行了SNPs分析,研究结果可为虾夷马粪海胆的分子标记辅助育种提供参考。     

虾夷马粪海胆CYP51基因cDNA的克隆及其SNPs分析

采用RT-PCR、PCR-SSCP等分子生物学技术和关联分析等方法对虾夷马粪海胆Strongylocentrotus intermedius CYP51基因的cDNA序列进行了克隆和单核苷酸多态性分析.结果表明:虾夷马粪海胆的CYP51基因包括一个1491 bp的开放阅读框,编码496个氨基酸;其开放阅读框的第161个核苷酸处存在1个单核苷酸多态性,即核苷酸发生了A→G突变.关联分析结果表明,该单核苷酸多态性与虾夷马粪海胆的体质量、性腺质量之间存在显著相关性(P＜0.05).本研究中首次克隆了虾夷马粪海胆CYP51基因的cDNA序列并进行了SNPs分析,研究结果可为虾夷马粪海胆的分子标记辅助育种提供参考.     

中间球海胆抗病家系的筛选及其生长性能分析

为筛选中间球海胆Strongylocentrotus intermedius抗病家系并分析其生长性能,在建立34个中间球海胆全同胞家系的基础上,采用自然感染的方法对海胆进行病变综合征、掉棘病和黑嘴病的感染并测量这3种疾病下海胆的存活率,通过对不同疾病下的存活率进行加权求和构建了复合抗病指数(CDRI),根据存活率和抗病指数排名筛选出抗病家系,分析抗病家系在幼胆期(7～9月龄)和在不同水温环境下(常温和低温)养成期(14～17月龄)的体质量特定生长率(SGR)与易感家系、所有家系间的差异,并筛选出抗病速生家系。结果表明:病变综合征、掉棘病和黑嘴病自然感染下,各家系的存活率分别为30.9%～95.5%、10.0%～100.0%和5.6%～84.2%,不同家系下海胆的存活率有显著性差异(P<0.05);筛选出F7211-1等家系具有较强的抗病变综合征能力,F7214-1等家系具有较强的抗掉棘病能力,F7214-1等家系具有较强的抗黑嘴病能力;各家系的复合抗病指数为0.29～0.78,家系F7209-1等具有较高的复合抗病能力;相对于选择特定抗病家系,选择复合抗病家系会对幼胆期和不同水温养殖下的养成期生长速度带来更稳定的正向选择差;无论成胆期养殖于常温池还是低温池,F7211-1、F7203-2、F7209-1和F7214-1等家系均兼具抗病和速生的能力,可从中选择种胆用于后代抗病速生群体的培育。研究表明,家系选择可应用于中间球海胆的抗病育种,通过构建复合抗病指数可实现对抗病和生长速度的复合选择。     

人表皮生长因子的基因克隆与原核表达

采用RT-PCR方法从人胎盘组织中扩增出hEGF基因,将其分别连入表达载体pGEX-4t-1(+)和pGEX-6p-1(+)质粒中,并转化入BL21-CodonplusTM中,解决了大肠杆菌密码子偏爱性问题,不需附加程序就可以编码稀有密码子的重组基因。SDS-PAGE结果证明,pGEX-4t-1(+)-hEGF和pGEX-6p-1(+)-hEGF分别在大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)-CodonplusTM-RP和BL21(DE3)-CodonplusTM-RIL中获得高效表达,目的蛋白占总菌体蛋白的30%左右。     

光棘球海胆CYP17基因的SNPs标记筛选及遗传分析

采用聚合酶链式反应、单链构象多态性(PCR-SSCP)技术和基因测序方法筛选光棘球海胆Strongylocentrotus nudus细胞色素17α羟化酶/17,20裂解酶(17α-hydroxylase/17,20-lyase,CYP17)基因编码区单核苷酸多态性(SNPs),并进行了基于SNPs的遗传分析。结果表明:在CYP17基因的270、417、666 nt处均发生了碱基的点突变,即G270A、A417G和C666T,前两个突变位点位于引物对BF/BR的扩增产物中,后一个突变位点位于引物对CF/CR的扩增产物中;引物对BF/BR的扩增产物可形成3种基因型,即AA、BB和AB基因型,A和B等位基因频率分别为0.54和0.46,AA、AB和BB基因型频率分别为0.30、0.48和0.22,该座位的杂合度(He)、纯合度(Ho)、多态性信息含量(PIC)和有效等位基因数(Na)分别为0.496 8、0.503 2、0.373 4和1.987 3;引物对CF/CR的扩增产物形成了两种基因型,即CC和CD基因型,C和D等位基因频率分别为0.68和0.32,CC和CD基因型频率分别为0.84和0.16,该座位的He、Ho、PIC和Na分别为0.268 8、0.731 2、0.232 7和1.367 6。遗传变异分析结果表明:两个座位均属于低度多态性,而且群体遗传杂合度较低,这反映了该群体的遗传一致性较高。本研究筛选的3个SNPs为今后CYP17基因在光棘球海胆性腺生长发育研究上提供了前期科研基础。     

中间球海胆丙酮酸激酶(PK)基因克隆及其对海水酸化的响应

为明确中间球海胆Strongylocentrotus intermedius丙酮酸激酶(Pyruvate kinase,PK)基因(SiPK)的序列特征、组织表达规律及其对海水酸化胁迫的响应方式,采用cDNA末端快速扩增RACE技术方法获得了SiPK的cDNA全长序列,同时探究了该基因在不同海水酸化[自然海水(对照组)、ΔpH=-0.3(SA_1)、ΔpH=-0.4(SA_2)、ΔpH=-0.5(SA_3),ΔpH表示与自然海水pH的差值]胁迫条件下的响应方式。结果表明:中间球海胆PK序列全长为3616 bp,其中,包含一个编码537个氨基酸的开放阅读框(1614 bp)和两个非编码区片段(5′非编码区长度为91 bp,3′非编码区长度为1911 bp);系统进化分析发现,中间球海胆PK氨基酸序列与紫球海胆Strongylocentrotus purpuratus PK的亲缘关系最近;实时荧光定量PCR(qRT-PCR)发现,成体中间球海胆PK基因在4种组织中均有表达,其相对表达量依次为性腺>管足>体腔液>肠;总PK酶活性检测显示,中间球海胆4种组织中的总PK酶活性依次为管足>性腺>体腔液>肠;海水酸化胁迫试验显示,与对照组相比,随着海水酸化程度的加重,中间球海胆肠组织中PK基因的相对表达量呈先极显著降低后极显著升高的趋势(P<0.01),但肠组织中总PK酶活性则呈极显著升高的趋势(P<0.01),性腺组织中PK基因的相对表达量随海水pH的降低而极显著降低(P<0.01),但该组织中总PK酶活性却呈现先升高后降低的趋势(P<0.05),管足和体腔液组织中PK基因的相对表达量和总PK酶活性均随海水pH的降低总体呈降低的趋势(P<0.05)。研究表明,中间球海胆可通过调节PK基因的表达及总PK酶活性响应海水酸化胁迫。     

母源因子boule在光棘球海胆性腺中的表达与定位

为鉴定光棘球海胆Mesocentrotus nudus生殖细胞标记基因,通过基因克隆、荧光定量PCR及切片原位杂交等技术分析了光棘球海胆(湿体质量为76.8 g±10.0 g)母源因子(boule)基因的分子特征及动态表达模式。结果表明:光棘球海胆boule cDNA序列全长为1 788 bp,其中,3′非编码区为601 bp, 5′非编码区为146 bp,开放阅读框(open reading frame, ORF)为1 041 bp,共编码346个氨基酸,包含一个保守的RRM结构域;荧光定量PCR结果显示,boule为母源因子,在整个胚胎发育时期均有表达;boule基因在处于生长期(stageⅡ)光棘球海胆的肠、管足、体腔液和性腺中均有表达,其中,boule基因在精巢表达量最高(P<0.05);在卵巢中表达量随卵母细胞的成熟而逐渐升高,在成熟期(stageⅣ)卵巢中达到最高,精巢中表达量仅在生长期(stageⅡ)及成熟前期(stageⅢ)有较高表达;切片原位杂交显示,boule基因在光棘球海胆精巢的生殖细胞中特异表达,卵巢中未检测到阳性细胞信号。研究表明,光棘球海胆boule基因是雄性生殖细胞标记基因,本研究结果可为海胆雄性生殖细胞发育相关研究提供数据资料。     

Construction of a novel oncogene based on synthetic sequences encoding epidermal growth factor

The autocrine model postulates that constitutive release of a mitogenic growth factor can lead to uncontrolled proliferation and cell transformation. A synthetic polynucleotide encoding epidermal growth factor conferred a tumorigenic phenotype on cells. These cells were transformed through the action of an autocrine circuit having an extracellular component.     

母源因子boule在光棘球海胆性腺中的表达与定位

为鉴定光棘球海胆Mesocentrotus nudus生殖细胞标记基因,通过基因克隆、荧光定量PCR及切片原位杂交等技术分析了光棘球海胆(湿体质量为76.8 g±10.0 g)母源因子(boule)基因的分子特征及动态表达模式。结果表明:光棘球海胆boule cDNA序列全长为1788 bp,其中,3′非编码区为601 bp,5′非编码区为146 bp,开放阅读框(open reading frame,ORF)为1041 bp,共编码346个氨基酸,包含一个保守的RRM结构域;荧光定量PCR结果显示,boule为母源因子,在整个胚胎发育时期均有表达;boule基因在处于生长期(stageⅡ)光棘球海胆的肠、管足、体腔液和性腺中均有表达,其中,boule基因在精巢表达量最高(P<0.05);在卵巢中表达量随卵母细胞的成熟而逐渐升高,在成熟期(stageⅣ)卵巢中达到最高,精巢中表达量仅在生长期(stageⅡ)及成熟前期(stageⅢ)有较高表达;切片原位杂交显示,boule基因在光棘球海胆精巢的生殖细胞中特异表达,卵巢中未检测到阳性细胞信号。研究表明,光棘球海胆boule基因是雄性生殖细胞标记基因,本研究结果可为海胆雄性生殖细胞发育相关研究提供数据资料。