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贮藏期间马铃薯几个主要加工品质指标的变化 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
以宁夏南部山区近几年几个主栽品种为试验材料,测定了不同贮藏时期几个主要加工品质指标。结果表明:其加工所要求的主要的品质指标干物质、淀粉含量在收获时最高,随着贮藏时间的延长,不同品种马铃薯块茎干物质、淀粉含量均有不同程度的下降趋势。贮藏中期下降最多,贮藏末期各品种干物质、淀粉含量有所回升。还原糖等含量的变化与淀粉磷酸化酶、蔗糖转化酶的活性息息相关。随着低温贮藏天数的延长,不同品种马铃薯还原糖含量呈上升趋势。因此,在马铃薯加工利用时,对于低温长时间存贮的马铃薯根据加工利用目的如淀粉加工、食品加工必须进行升温贮藏,以降低淀粉磷酸化酶的活性,增加淀粉合成酶的活性,使糖转化为淀粉,提高块茎的淀粉含量,降低还原糖含量。 相似文献
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加工型马铃薯品种对块茎干物质含量、淀粉含量、还原糖含量等品质指标有严格要求,这些指标与养分供给息息相关。为了解不同加工型马铃薯品种对氮钾肥的偏好,在东北黑土条件下,以‘东农314’和‘东农322’两个自主选育的加工型新品种为供试材料、‘大西洋’为对照,设置常肥、高钾、高钾高氮3个不同的氮钾配比,从块茎膨大期开始取样直至收获,比较分析3个加工型品种块茎干物质含量、淀粉含量、还原糖含量以及粗蛋白含量的差异。‘东农322’在施用常肥N 109.5 kg/hm2、K2O 112.5 kg/hm2时块茎的加工品质较好,‘东农314’和对照品种‘大西洋’对氮钾肥的吸收规律相同,在常肥基础上增施37.5 kg/hm2钾肥可以增加块茎中干物质含量、降低还原糖含量,提升其加工品质。因此,‘东农314’和‘东农322’两个新品种施用合适的氮钾肥均可作为加工型品种推广应用。 相似文献
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马铃薯贮藏过程中其还原据含量受温度、体积、时间以及通风量和光照条件的影响。用夏·薛·哈(Somogyi—Shaffer—Hartmarin)三氏法测定了8541至8545、东北白和紫花白7品种(系)的马铃薯还原糖在贮藏期随温度、体积、品种以及不同时期的含量;并对正交试验数据进行了处理,得到了贮藏期还原糖含量受诸多因素影响的变化关系,结果表明,正交试验法是一种行之有效的研究方法。 相似文献
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影响马铃薯块茎品质性状的环境因子分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
马铃薯品质主要取决于块茎成分及其含量,包括淀粉、蛋白质、糖和维生素等。块茎内各成分的含量除受遗传基础和生理特性控制外,还主要因自然生态环境条件和人为栽培因素的不同而发生变化。本文主要介绍了影响马铃薯品质性状的光照、温度、水分、土壤特性等自然生态环境因素,以及种植密度、肥料、病虫害等人为栽培因素。通过对影响马铃薯块茎品质性状的生态条件和栽培因素的分析,进一步了解块茎品质与环境因子的相互关系和作用机理,为马铃薯引种工作提供一定的科学依据。 相似文献
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以马铃薯品种大西洋和资源材料1533为母本配制的10个杂交组合无性二代为试验材料,对其淀粉粘度、糊化温度和峰值粘度温度性状进行评价。结果表明:以大西洋为母本配制的各杂交组合后代无性系个数在粘度高值端、糊化温度低值端及峰值粘度低值端所占比例较大。以1533为母本配制的各杂交组合后代无性系个数在粘度高值端占比例也较大、但在糊化温度低值端和峰值粘度低值端占比例很小。综合性状表现最好的是大西洋×东农308,该组合后代平均粘度为1 480 BU、平均糊化温度为67.7℃、平均峰值粘度温度为78.5℃,其次表现较好的组合是1533×D2和大西洋×D2。这3个组合是选育马铃薯淀粉加工专用型品种的优良群体材料。 相似文献
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Summary The glycoalkaloid content in 18 potato varieties grown in Oman was measured by HPLC using peel and flesh tissues. The total
glycoalkaloid content of the tubers was found to be variety dependent and varied greatly between the 18 varieties. The total
glycoalkaloid in the tubers of seven varieties was within the safe limit of ≤200 mg kg− 1 FW recommended for food safety, whereas the remaining 11 varieties exceeded this upper limit. The principal glycoalkaloids
α-chaconine and σ-solanine were present in higher concentration in the peel than in the flesh of all varieties with the former
being the principal alkaloid in the peel. The flesh of all of the 18 potato varieties contained total glycoalkaloid levels
lower than the upper safety limit. The leaves of the 18 potato varieties were also analyzed for glycoalkaloids. The levels
of glycoalkaloids in expanding leaves were higher than that of expanded leaves with the exception of six varieties. The principal
glycoalkaloid in expanding and expanded leaves was α-chaconine. No correlation was observed between the glycoalkaloids levels
of in the leaves and tubers. 相似文献
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The goal of these studies was to evaluate the influence of tuber age on the expression of resistance to Phytophthora infestans in five selected potato genotypes (three cultivars and two clones) varying in tuber resistance and maturity type, and also
to select the best time for testing potato tubers for resistance to blight. Resistance was evaluated by inoculating whole
tubers at 13 different times as they progressively aged during growth and storage. Tuber age was expressed as weeks after
planting. Tubers were rated from week 13 (late July) until week 43 (late February) for tubers planted on 27–28 April, over
three consecutive seasons (2001–2003). Analysis of variance performed on tuber resistance data showed significant effects
of genotype, year and tuber age. Significant contributions of genotype × year, genotype × tuber age, year × tuber age and
year × genotype × tuber age interactions were also detected. A slight increase in tuber resistance with tuber age was observed
for cvs Bzura, Sokół and Irga, while the opposite trend was observed for the clones 97-A-63 and DG 92-227. Changes in tuber
resistance with age of tested genotypes were not related to their maturity type. The period of most stable expression of tuber
resistance was observed when tubers were tested between the 16th and 28th week after planting. 相似文献
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田间条件下,通过布置氮磷钾肥料基追分配试验,探讨了冬作马铃薯对磷素吸收、积累和分配规律。结果表明:叶片内的磷素浓度逐渐递减;茎在齐苗后15 d左右出现一个高峰,然后逐渐下降;块茎磷素浓度呈单峰变化,峰值出现在齐苗后55 d左右,然后逐渐下降。非正常年型,每生产1 000 kg块茎需要吸收磷素(P)0.62 kg;正常年型,每生产1 000 kg块茎需要吸收磷素(P)1.02 kg。磷素在叶片中的分配率在齐苗后5 d左右最高,此后逐渐下降到5%左右;茎中的分配率在齐苗后5~25 d内分配率较高,随后逐渐下降;在块茎中的分配率随着生育进程迅速上升,说明块茎形成后有大量的磷素向块茎转移,块茎是磷素最终的贮存器官。 相似文献