茶园铺草

今年全国茶叶生产暨试验研究会议上,在总结增产经验中指出:茶园铺草是增产关键之一,各地应大力推广。茶园铺草经试验及实践证明,增产效果很大。茶园在长期没有进行施把的情况下,铺草比不铺的可增产20—30％;如果在一般施肥的基础上再加铺草,增产幅度更大,据日本试验结果施肥加铺草比单施肥的增产10％左右,据苏联试验结果每亩茶园子施磷钾肥基础上施用60—70斤氮,再用绿肥作物作铺盖的可增产21.7％。     

水稻新品种绥粳10号特征特性及栽培技术

绥粳10号是黑龙江省农科院绥化分院利用系谱法经过多年选择培育而成的水稻新品种,具有优质、高产、抗病等特点。多点异地鉴定试验平均单产8461．0kg／hm^2,比对照东农416增产10．7％;预备试验平均单产8233．6kg／hm^2,比对照东农416增产11．7％;区域试验平均单产8130．1kg／hm^2,比对照东农416增产11．9％;生产试验平均单产8341．1kg／hm^2,比对照东农416平均增产10．4％。     

50%杀草特2号乳油防治玉米田杂草药效的研究

室内生物活性测定结果表明,由乙草胺和2,4-D丁酯复配而成的50%杀草特2号乳油具有明显的增效作用.田间小区药效试验,施用杀草特2号乳油3kg/hm²对玉米田一年生单、双子叶杂草防治效果达90%,持效期70～80d,对作物安全,比人工除草增产5.5%～19.3%.     

烯草酮防治亚麻田杂草药效试验

亚麻为平播密植作物,杂草发生较重,杂草防治效果直接影响亚麻的产、质量。2012年我们完成了24％烯草酮防治亚麻田禾本科杂草药效试验。田间试验结果表明：24％烯草酮乳油450-600ml／hm2。对禾本科杂苹有较好的防除效果,亚麻原茎、种子、纤维均比空白对照增产35．77％-45．76％、21．82％-28．20％、47．72％-50．65％;烯草酮对狗尾草、马唐、野黍、碱草等抗性杂草有特效,在一定范围内使用对亚麻安全。     

稻草帅防治水稻田杂草试验

为了解稻草帅防治水稻田杂草的效果及其对作物的安全性进行试验。结果表明，稻草帅对水稻安全，对插秧田中的稗草、狼巴草、野慈菇、泽泻等杂草有较好的防除效果，株数防效和鲜重防效均在91％以上；对三棱草株数防效和鲜重防效均在87％左右，且使水稻增产显著，较空白对照667m^2增产250．6kg，增收375．90元，比二甲四氯和苯达松处理增收46．90元和82．80元。     

瑞飞特稻田除草试验初报

瑞飞特是瑞士诺华公司开发的一种新型酰类胺稻田除草剂。试验表明瑞飞特比丁草胺具有较好的保护根系的作用，具有活性高、扩散性好、杀草普广、安全高铲等特点。除草效果达８６．４％，比丁草胺高２０个百分点，最终产量比丁草胺增产５．１％，比空白对增产９．９％以上。     

优质加工型甘薯新品种烟薯21号的选育及高产栽培技术

烟薯21号是优质、加工型深黄肉甘薯新品种,3年6点次品比试验结果：春薯鲜薯平均产量为40252．5kg／hm^2,比徐薯18增产25．9％,薯干产量为11769．0kg／hm^2,比徐薯18增产40．3％。平均烘干率29．4％,比对照徐薯18高1．93个百分点。抗茎线虫病、黑斑病,耐贮藏,薯块光滑,整齐集中,是加工出口型的新品种。     

早熟优质抗病品种龙粳15号的选育及其栽培技术

龙粳15号是黑龙江省农科院水稻研究所采用有性杂交和系统育种技术路线培育而成的水稻品种,2006年3月通过黑龙江省农作物品种审定委员会审定,具有早熟、优质、抗病等特点。预备试验平均产量7441．8kg／hm^2,比对照品种合江19号增产26．4％;3年区域试验平均产量7653．4kg／hm^2,比对照合江19号增产6．0％;生产试验平均产量8075．5kg/hm^2,比对照合江19号增产10．9％。     

55％增效蔗兴净乳油对甘蔗除草药效初报

介绍蔗兴净乳油在甘蔗杂草双穗雀稗、李氏禾、梁子菜…等试验,在草龄较高情况下,用量250m1／667m^2,药后25d株数防治效果达80．7％。比对照的蔗兴净防效68．2％增效12％;药后47d的鲜重防效达81．3％,比对照的鲜重防效72．7％增效8．6％,该增效剂增效显著。     

甘蓝型双低春油菜三系杂交种互丰010的选育

互丰010是利用波里马细胞质雄性不育材料育成的甘蓝型春油菜三系杂交种，具有优质，高产，中早熟、抗逆性强，适应性广等特点，青海省油菜区试平均产量3766．50kg/hm^2，比对照品种青油331增产11．50％，生产试验最高产量在4026．00kg/hm^2，比对照青油331增产14．80％，比对照垦油1号增产16．10％，芥酸含量1．07％，硫甙含量25．93μmol/g，含油量45．55％，1999年通过青海省农作物品种审定委员会审定。     

盈江危地马拉草评价及推广应用

盈江危地马拉草是云南省盈江县有较长栽培历史的粗糙型热带牧草地方品种。多年多点试验结果表明,该品种早期生长缓慢,刈后再生性较弱,营养生长期长且营养价值保持相对稳定;年平均干草产量为12.57～19.22 t/hm2,比对照德宏象草低29.02%～42.55%,但干季可利用干草产量比对照德宏象草高166.36%～242.03%。在饲草的可利用季节上盈江危地马拉草与德宏象草有较强的互补性,二者相互配合有利于实现云南南亚热带地区饲草的全年均衡供应,适合南亚热带冬季霜冻较轻的地区推广种植。     

马铃薯新品种张围薯9号的选育

张围薯9号(原系谱号94-7-2)是河北省高寒作物研究所1994年以夏波蒂为母本,切普特为父本杂交,后代经河北省马铃薯区域试验和生产试验选育而成,2006年通过河北省农作物品种审定委员会审定。其每667 m2平均产量1 400 kg,比对照品种夏波蒂增产128 kg,增幅10.1%;干物质含量为21.6%,还原糖含量为0.16%。适应在我国北方一作区、中原二作区及南方冬作区水、肥条件较好的土地上种植,是一个优良的薯条加工型品种。     

热研7号柱花草的选育

进行了热研7号柱花草品种比较试验、区域试验和生产性试验的选育研究。研究结果表明:该品种具有高产、优质、抗病、耐寒、晚熟的特点。年平均干草产量14879.3kg·hm-2,年平均种子产量424.0kg·hm-2 ,分别比格拉姆柱花草增产84.0%、116.4%,与热研2号柱花草差异不显著。粗蛋白含量16.86%,粗脂肪含量2.65%,生育期为239d。可用于青饲料、干草粉生产等。适合我国热带、南亚热带地区种植。      

Effects of Pre-Flowering Soil Moisture Deficits on Dry Matter Production and Ecophysiological Characteristics in Soybean Plants under Well Irrigated Conditions during Grain Filling

Summary

Summer field crop plants in Japan would develop large shoots but poor root systems during the rainy season called “Baiu”. This might have adverse effects on dry matter production in summer thereafter even when they grow under sufficient soil moisture conditions. The effects of pre-flowering soil moisture conditions on dry matter production and ecophysiological characteristics were investigated.

Soybean plants were grown under sufficient (W plot) and deficient (D plot) soil moisture before flowering in the field. Under sufficient soil moisture conditions after flowering, the plants in the D plot produced higher dry matter due to higher net assimilation rate (NAR) and higher grain yield due to higher pod-flower set ratio and a heavier seed than in the W plot. The higher NAR in the D plot was attributed to (1) a lower resistance to water transport in plants, which is necessary to maintain a high leaf water potential and high photosynthetic rate during the daytime and (2) delayed senescence. The plants in the D plot had a well developed root system, and had roots with high physiological activity represented by a large amount of exudation from the basal cut end of the stem. The development of physiological activity of the root system maybe reflected in higher capacity of root functions, the higher pod-flower set ratio and the delay in the senescence. Improved cultivation practices such as drainage during the rainy season and breeding of the plants with well-developed root system during the rainy season may be necessary to increase the yield of summer crops in Japan. Irrigation during the summer may not be so effective for the plants with a poorly developed root system.     

马铃薯新品种冀张薯12号选育

冀张薯12号(原系谱号2001-9-226)是河北省高寒作物研究所2001年以大西洋为母本,99-6-36为父本杂交,后代经河北省马铃薯区域试验和生产试验选育而成,2011年3月通过河北省农作物品种审定委员会审定。其每667 m2平均产量1 880 kg,比对照坝薯10号增产498 kg,增幅36.0%;干物质含量19.2%,淀粉含量15.5%,粗蛋白含量3.25%,还原糖含量0.25%。,是一个优良的鲜薯食用型品种,适应在我国北方一作区水肥条件较好的地块种植。     

6个坚尼草品种比较试验报告

采用玻片浸渍法,进行了8种杀虫剂对海南白沙及东方两地的橡胶六点始叶螨(Eotetranychus sexmaculatus Riley.)♀成螨的室内毒力测定。结果表明：1.8% 阿维菌素对白沙及东方两地的♀成螨毒力均最高,LC50值分别为0.068 9、0.075 1 mg/L;其次为10% 溴虫腈和2.5% 高效氯氟氰菊酯,LC50值分别为15.481 6 、10.153 2 mg/L和431.895 2、350.068 2 mg/L,8种药剂对该螨雌成螨的毒力大小顺序均为阿维菌素、溴虫腈、高效氯氟氰菊酯、毒死蜱、哒螨灵、甲氰菊酯、三唑锡与克螨特。与敏感种群相比,白沙、东方两地六点始叶螨对克螨特、毒死蜱、甲氰菊酯、哒螨灵与三唑锡均已产生较高抗药性。     

Effect of Stubble Shaving after High-Level Cutting on the Growth and Yield of Forage Sugarcane,KRFo93-1, under Multiple Ratooning Cultivation

Abstract

In the production of sugarcane, stubble shaving that cuts the residual stubble of the previous crop is carried out to promote ratoon crop growth. On the other hand, in the production of feed crops, it is generally considered that high-level cutting increases the yield of the regrowth crop. In this study, the growth and yield of the forage sugarcane subjected to high-level cutting without stubble shaving (HC) were compared with those of the plants subjected to stubble shaving (Control) to clarify the necessity of stubble shaving in the cultivation of a forage sugarcane variety, KRFo93-1. The influence of high-level cutting on the growth and yield of ratoon crop was evaluated from the first ratoon crop (RC1) to sixth ratoon crop (RC6). Tiller number in the Control plot was not different from that in the HC plots in all ratoon crops from RC1 to RC6. Stem length was significantly larger in HC than in the Control plot in all ratoon crops at the initial stage of regrowth, and in RC1, RC3, RC5 and RC6 around the harvest time. Dry matter yield was significantly higher in HC than in the Control plot in RC1, RC3, RC5, RC6 and in the sum of the ratoon crops. Although no significant difference was observed in RC2 or RC4, the dry matter yield of HC exceeded that of Control plot. The increase in the dry matter yield of HC was due to an enhancement of stem growth, since the single stem dry weight were larger in HC than in Control plot. Thus, cultivation management without stubble shaving is recommended in KRFo93-1.     

氮钾配比对寒地玉米干物质积累、产量及品质的影响

通过田间小区试验,研究不同氮钾配比对玉米不同生育期和不同器官的干物质积累、分配、运转和产量及对品质的影响。结果表明,施氮量为150 kg/hm2、施钾量为100 kg/hm2的处理在成熟期茎、叶、穗干物质量、阶段子粒干物质积累量、茎部转运量、转运率、贡献率以及玉米子粒产量、子粒蛋白质与淀粉含量均高于其他处理。因此,氮、钾肥施用量为150 kg/hm2和100 kg/hm2有利于寒地玉米的干物质积累、产量及其品质的提高。     

滨海稻区氮肥运筹对水稻产量及氮磷钾吸收量的影响

以超级稻"盐丰47"为材料,采用小区对比试验方法,研究了氮肥运筹对水稻生育、产量及氮磷钾吸收量的影响,探求适宜高产水稻栽培的氮素基蘖穗肥施入比例。结果表明,基肥、蘖肥、穗肥比例2:5:3的B处理,获得了单产9.78 t/hm2,比A(2:4:4)、C(2:6:2)、D(2:8:0)处理分别增产了0.6%、3.4%和5.6%,其齐穗期群体叶面积指数及高效叶面积率、单位面积有效穗数及颖花数、干物质产量及齐穗后干物质积累量占籽粒产量百分比、氮磷钾吸收量均较高。因此适宜增加氮素穗肥施入比例有利于水稻产量与氮磷钾吸收量的增加。     

超级杂交中籼水稻物质生产特性分析

以具代表性的5个籼型超级稻为材料, 用汕优63作对照, 比较研究了超级中籼杂交稻物质生产与分配的特性。 超级稻具有显著的物质生产与积累优势, 产量随成熟期物质积累量的增加而提高。 超级稻的物质生产优势集中在中期和后期, 产量与拔节前的干物质积累量相关不显著, 与拔节至抽穗期的积累量呈显著正相关, 与抽穗至成熟期的干物质积累量呈极显著正相关; 超级稻抽穗期营养器官贮存了较多的结构物质但干物质表观输出量均低于对照, 平均少148.5 kg/hm2, 表观输出率也低, 平均低2.5个百分点。 超级稻的叶面积及光合势的显著提高促进了群体生产率的提高, 大田期平均群体生产率比对照高4542 (m2·d)/hm2。