显性雄性不育硬粒小麦（Triticum durum）和二粒小麦（Triticum di…

用已育成的显著性雄性不育六倍体小黑麦为母本分别与硬粒小麦、二粒小麦及黑麦杂交，并每代选不育株用原父本回交。结果表明，来源于太谷核不育小麦４Ｄ染色体上的Ｍｓ２基因已易位到Ａ或Ｂ染色体组的某一条染色体上。从而育成了显性核不育硬粒小麦和二粒小麦。     

小麦太谷核不育基因Ms2易位后被重新定位于4BS染色体

纪凤高等 (1989)以六倍体小黑麦“鉴 4 5”(AABBRR)对4 DS携带太谷核不育基因 Ms2的“中国春”太谷核不育小麦不育株杂交 ,经幼胚培养获杂种植株 ,并以“鉴 4 5”作轮回父本对杂交后代的不育株回交 ,育成了太谷核不育六倍体小黑麦。后又以硬粒小麦 (AABB)作轮回父本对上述太谷核不育六倍体小黑麦杂交、回交 ,育成了太谷核不育硬粒小麦。由于六倍体小黑麦以及硬粒小麦无 D染色体组 ,表明太谷核不育基因 Ms2已由原所在 4 D染色体短臂易位到了 A或 B染色体组中一条未知的染色体上。Ms2易位后 ,经长期研究 ,目前尚未被正式指定到 A、B…     

矮败小麦胚芽鞘长度的研究

本研究对矮败小麦育性，株高和鞘长三性状相互间的遗传关系进行了分析。进一步证实了太谷核不育基因（Ｍｓ２）与矮秆基因（Ｒｈｔ１０）紧密连锁，同时发现矮败小麦的短芽鞘与矮秆性紧密相关，其短芽鞘特性可作为太谷核不育基因的早期形态标记。通过短芽鞘区分可育株与不育株的准确率因组合而异，平均为８８．２％。用２０ｍｇ．ｋｇ＾－＾１ＧＡ３浸种处理可明显促进可育株芽鞘伸长，但对不育株芽鞘伸长作用不明显，从而加大可育株     

矮败小麦群体改良取得显著进展

太谷核不育小麦是我国特有的遗传资源。它雄性败育彻底 ,不育性稳定 ,异交结实率高 ,是一个非常难得的雄性不育材料 (邓景扬等 ,1 981 )。控制太谷核不育小麦不育性的显性基因 Ms2 (Ta 1 )位于 4D染色体短臂上 ,距离着丝点 31 .1 6个交换单位 (刘秉华等 ,1 986)。为了拓宽太谷核不育小麦的应用范围 ,提高其应用效能 ,作者以矮变一号小麦品种为标记基因供体 ,成功地研制出具有矮秆基因标记的太谷核不育小麦 ,即矮败小麦。在矮败小麦中 ,矮秆基因Rht1 0与雄性不育基因 Ms2在 4D染色体短臂上连锁十分紧密 ,交换率仅有 0 .1 8% (刘秉华等 ,1 …     

“Probus”突变体演生的4B顶端缺失染色体的遗传研究

９４．１８．２６中所具有的不育基因经验证来自“Ｐｒｏｂｕｓ”突变体,即ｍｓｌｂ基因。具有ｍｓｌｂ不育基因４Ｂ染色体为顶端缺失,致使与正常４Ｂ染色体的Ｓ臂端体配对的百分率降低到２９．５％,而对与整条正常４Ｂ染色体的配对影响不大。所有的研究表明,该缺失染色体能象其它染色体一样随配子稳定遗传给后代。缺失断点（ｍｓｌｂ）与Ｒｈｔ３位点间交换率或随品种背景或随位点上的基因不同而变化,ｍｓ－Ｒｈｔ３／Ｍｓ－ｒ     

水稻光温敏核不育基因的遗传及等位性的初步研究

以光敏核不育系Ｍ９０１ｓ、Ｆ１５１ｓ、Ｈｓ－１，Ｈｓ－２和温敏核不育系培矮６４ｓ、５４６０ＦＰｓ、５４６０ｓ２为材料，杂交配组。通过对这些光温敏核不育系和杂交组合的育性观察，研究光温敏核不育基因之间的等位关系。结果表明：（１）Ｈｓ－１与培矮６４ｓ，Ｈｓ－２与５４６０ＦＰｓ、Ｍ９０１ｓ与５４６０ＦＰｓ之间分别存在着一对、两对、三对基因的差异，这些组合的不育性的表达与遗传背景有很大关系；（２）５４６０     

淮麦19号的选育及主要栽培技术

淮麦 19号 (原名 :淮核 970 4 )是江苏徐淮地区淮阴农科所以太谷核不育小麦的Ｍｓ2 (Ｔａｌ )基因为工具 ,采用轮回选择法育成的高产优质多抗小麦新品种。该品种抗寒性好 ,分蘖力强 ,成穗率高 ,综合抗性好 ,耐渍性强 ,抗干热风 ,熟期中等、熟相好 ,高产、稳产、品质优良。 2 0     

4E—ms杂种小麦生产体系的建立

在小麦单隐性雄性不育基因突变体“兰州核不育”小麦上,附加１条具有特殊遗传功能的外源染色体４Ｅ,获得了即带有纯合核不育基因,又能自交结实,籽粒为浅蓝色的ｍｓｍｓ基因型普通小麦４Ｅ染色体单体异附加系「２ｎ＝４２Ｗ（ｍｓｍｓ）＋１（４Ｅ）＝４３」,该系自交后代可分离出６４．３％白粒雄性不育种子「２ｎ＝４２Ｗ（ｍｓｍｓ）＝４２」３２．１％的浅蓝粒自交可结实种子「２ｎ＝４２Ｗ（ｍｓｍｓ）＋１（４Ｅ）＝４３」     

京核系小麦抗锈性的研究

通过京核系小麦抗条锈性基因分析，初步证实太谷核不育小麦能集主效基因和微效基因共同作用的理论。     

显性雄性不育硬粒小麦（Triticum durum）和二粒小麦（Triticum dicoccum）选育

用已育成的显性雄性不育六倍体小黑麦为母本分别与硬粒小麦、二粒小麦及黑麦杂交,并每代选不育株用原父本回交。结果表明,来源于太谷核不育小麦4D染色体上的Ms2（Tal）基因已易位到A或B染色体组的某一条染色体上。从而育成了显性核不育硬粒小麦和二粒小麦。     

利用多种外源基因选育小麦抗病新种质和新品种

应用染色体工程结合系谱选择,以普通小麦单、缺体为工具材料,将中间偃麦草(Thinopyrumintermedium)、黑麦(Secalecereale)、野生二粒小麦(Triticumdicoccoides)、簇毛麦(Haynaldiavillosa)和小伞山羊草(Aegilopsumbellulata)的抗条锈病或抗白粉病基因导入普通小麦,创制出抗条锈病或抗白粉病种质N9207,N9209,N9134,N9628-1,N9628-2和N9659,并育成含有外源抗条锈病基因的小麦品种陕麦8003,陕麦8007,陕麦150和远丰175。利用创制的抗性种质与农艺亲本多方式组配杂交,将优异基因进行累加、聚合,选育出抗、耐多种小麦病害,高产、优质和广适的面条小麦新品系陕麦139。     

Inheritance and Molecular Mapping of Stripe Rust Resistance Gene Yr88375 in Chinese Wheat Line Zhongliang 88375

Stripe rust is one of the most important diseases of wheat worldwide. Inheritance of stripe rust resistance and mapping of resistance gene with simple sequence repeat （SSR） markers are studied to formulate efficient strategies for breeding cultivars resistant to stripe rust. Zhongliang 88375, a common wheat line, is highly resistant to all three rusts of wheat in China. The gene conferring rust disease was deduced originating from Elytrigia intermedium. Genetic analysis of Zhongliang 88375 indicated that the resistance to PST race CYR31 was controlled by a single dominant gene, temporarily designated as Yr88375. To molecular map Yr88375, a F2 segregating population consisting of 163 individuals was constructed on the basis of the hybridization between Zhongliang 88375 and a susceptible wheat line Mingxian 169; 320 SSR primer pairs were used for analyzing the genetic linkage relation. Six SSR markers, Xgwm335, Xwmc289, Xwmc810, Xgdmll6, Xbarc59, and Xwmc783, are linked to Yr88375 as they were all located on chromosome 5BL Yr88375 was also located on that chromosome arm, closely linked to Xgdmll6 and Xwmc810 with genetic distances of 3.1 and 3.9 cM, respectively. The furthest marker Xwmc783 was 13.5 cM to Yr88375. Hence, pedigree analysis of Zhongliang 88375 combined with SSR markers supports the conclusion that the highly resistance gene Yr88375 derived from Elytrigia intermedium is a novel gene for resistance to stripe rust in wheat. It could play an important role in wheat breeding programs for stripe rust resistance.     

Molecular Mapping of Two Novel Stripe Rust Resistant Genes YrTp1 and YrTp2 in A-3 Derived from Triticum aestivum × Thinopyrum ponticum

Loss of variety resistance to stripe rust (Puccinia striiformis Westend f. sp.tritici) is an important factor causing massive periodical epidemic of rust in wheat production. Creation and development of new races of rust pathogen have led to serious crisis of resistance loss in widely planted varieties. This has quickened the search for new resistance resources. Molecular marker could facilitate the identification of the location of novel genes. A line A-3 with high resistance (immune) to currently epidemic yellow rust races (CY29, 31, 32) was screened out in offspring of Triticum aestivum × Thinopyrum ponticum. Segregation in F₂ and BC₁ populations indicated that the resistance was controlled by two independent genes: one dominant and one recessive. SSR markers were employed to map the two resistant genes in the F₂ and BC₁ populations. A marker WMC477-_167bp located on 2BS was linked to the dominant gene with genetic distance of 0.4 cM. Another marker WMC364-_{208 bp} located on 7BS was linked to the recessive-resistant gene with genetic distance of 5.8 cM. The two genes identified in this paper might be two novel stripe rust resistant genes, which were temporarily designated as YrTp1 and YrTp2, respectively. The tightly linking markers facilitate transfer of the two resistant genes into the new varieties to control epidemic of yellow rust.     

小麦单体系用于抗锈基因定位的研究

用引自南斯拉夫的冬小麦品种诺维萨特早熟1号(Novosadska Rana 1)单体系测定了若干冬小麦品种抗锈基因的所在染色体。确定绿7蚰对条中25号小种的显性抗性基因位于2B 染色体上;Yantar 对叶中3号小种的抗性是由两个显性互补基因控制的,分别位于5A 和1D染色体上;农大233对条中29号小种的显性抗性基因位于3B 染色体上;C39抗条中29号小种的隐性基因位于7B 染色体上;Fr84-8对条中29号小种的抗性是由2个隐性互作基因控制的,分别位于2A 和3A 染色体上。此外还用诺维萨特早熟1号单体系测定出农大233,Fr84-8等品系的有芒基因均位于5A 染色体上,抑制斯卑尔脱(spelta)穗型的基因也在5A 染色体上。冬小麦诺维萨特早熟1号单体系是在我国华北地区进行基因定位研究的良好材料。     

抗条锈优质温光型不育系MTS-1利用价值分析

对抗条锈温光型不育系MTS-1的不育特性,抗性及配制的组合杂种优势,品质特性进行了研究。结果表明:MTS-1不育性稳定,制种纯度高;MTS-1对条锈免疫且抗性遗传力强,其所配组合对条锈有较好的抗性;杂种一代优势较强;品质特性优良,粗蛋白含量达16.849%(干基),湿面筋含量达49.3%(14%),形成时间达4.8 min,稳定时间达7.0 min。     

宁春4号与河东乌麦杂交F2代抗病性及分子标记鉴定

为给宁夏小麦抗病育种提供优异资源,以宁春4号、河东乌麦及其杂交F₂代331个单株为材料,进行了群体抗病性与分子标记鉴定。结果表明:宁春4号中感白粉病、条锈病和叶锈病,河东乌麦中抗至高抗白粉病、中抗条锈病和叶锈病。在F₂代分别鉴定出68、54、52个单株抗白粉病、条锈病、叶锈病,比例依次为20.54%、16.32%、15.71%,其中,50个单株同时抗白粉病和条锈病,44个抗白粉病和叶锈病,32个抗条锈病和叶锈病,29个抗白粉病、条锈病和叶锈病。在F₂代群体中检测到239个单株携带Pm16基因,22.59%携带该基因的单株表现田间抗白粉病;202个携带Yr2基因,16.83%携带该基因的单株抗条锈病;246个携带Lr24,17.07%携带该基因的单株抗条锈病;148个单株同时携带基因Pm16和Yr2,185个单株同时携带基因Pm16和Lr24,155个单株同时携带基因Yr2和Lr24,119个单株同时携带基因Pm16、Yr2和Lr24。新开发的6个SSR标记共检测到10个抗病性数量性状基因座(QTL),涉及2A、5A、3B、5D等4条染色体,加性效应为-0.15~0.08,对表型贡献率为2%~4%,连锁系数(LOD值)最大为10.40,其中,5A、3B和5D染色体存在抗病的QTL富集区。     

基于可持续控制的陇南小麦抗条锈基因资源利用方略

基于我国小麦条锈病持续控制的思想,为有效利用抗条锈基因资源,提出的陇南抗条锈基因资源利用方略为：建立抗条锈基因资源库,有计划地开发利用抗条锈基因资源,提高抗源利用的成功率;实行抗病基因合理布局;施行抗病基因载体品种贮备制度,适时进行品种更换。并对建立抗条锈基因库的原则,抗源材料的认定,抗病基因的布局方法以及施行抗源基因载体品种贮备制度的可行性进行了论证。     

Inheritance and Molecular Mapping of Stripe Rust Resistance Gene Yr88375 in Chinese Wheat Line Zhongliang 88375

Stripe rust is one of the most important diseases of wheat worldwide. Inheritance of stripe rust resistance and mapping of resistance gene with simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers are studied to formulate efficient strategies for breeding cultivars resistant to stripe rust. Zhongliang 88375, a common wheat line, is highly resistant to all three rusts of wheat in China. The gene conferring rust disease was deduced originating from Elytrigia intermedium. Genetic analysis of Zhongliang 88375 indicated that the resistance to PST race CYR31 was controlled by a single dominant gene, temporarily designated as Yr88375. To molecular map Yr88375, a F2 segregating population consisting of 163 individuals was constructed on the basis of the hybridization between Zhongliang 88375 and a susceptible wheat line Mingxian 169; 320 SSR primer pairs were used for analyzing the genetic linkage relation. Six SSR markers, Xgwm335, Xwmc289, Xwmc810, Xgdm116, Xbarc59, and Xwmc783, are linked to Yr88375 as they were all located on chromosome 5BL. Yr88375 was also located on that chromosome arm, closely linked to Xgdmll6 and Xwmc810 with genetic distances of 3.1 and 3.9 cM, respectively. The furthest marker Xwmc783 was 13.5 cM to Yr88375. Hence, pedigree analysis of Zhongliang 88375 combined with SSR markers supports the conclusion that the highly resistance gene Yr88375 derived from Elytrigia intermedium is a novel gene for resistance to stripe rust in wheat. It could play an important role in wheat breeding programs for stripe rust resistance.     

普通小麦-柔软滨麦草易位系M8657-4抗条锈病基因的遗传分析

[目的]对普通小麦-柔软滨麦草易位系M8657-4的抗条锈病基因进行遗传分析,明确其抗条锈病基因及遗传特点。[方法]用中国小麦条锈菌CYR29、CYR30、CYR31、CYR32、Su11-4及Su11-11共6个生理小种对易位系M8657-4的苗期抗条锈性进行评价;采用常规杂交法对M8657-4的抗条锈病基因进行遗传分析。[结果]易位系M8657-4对中国小麦条锈菌具有良好的抗性;M8657-4对菌系CYR29和Su11-4的抗锈性由2对核基因（互补作用）控制,对CYR31的抗锈性由1对隐性核基因控制,对Su11-11的抗病性,M8657-4做母本时由2对基因（互补作用）控制,M8657-4做父本时由1对隐性基因控制。[结论]易位系M8657-4的抗条锈性由主效基因控制,可将其作为优良种质加以开发利用。     

348份小麦种质中抗条锈病基因Yr5、Yr10和Yr18的分子标记检测与分布

利用共分离或紧密连锁的分子标记S1320、SC_(200)和csLV34,对收集于全国多个育种单位的348份小麦种质进行检测。结果表明: Yr5连锁标记S1320阳性的种质有122份, Yr10连锁标记SC_(200)阳性的种质有80份, Yr18连锁标记csLV34阳性的种质有7份,检出率分别为35.06%、22.99%和2.01%。分子标记阳性的种质中抗病性表现并不一致,标记阳性且表现抗病的种质分别有27份、11份和3份,这些种质主要来自陕西、北京和江苏。抗病基因聚合种质抗病性鉴定结果表明, Yr5和 Yr18聚合时对条锈病表现高抗或免疫, Yr10与 Yr5或 Yr18聚合则不能有效提高种质的条锈病抗性。此外,有10份种质虽然未检出上述3个基因,但是对条锈病表现近免疫,是抗条锈病育种的重要资源。