不同可食涂膜处理对圣女果保鲜效果的影响

以圣女果为试材,采用壳聚糖、海藻酸钠、大豆分离蛋白、丁香精油、蜂蜡等不同组合作为涂膜基质对圣女果进行涂膜处理,通过测定圣女果的失重率、腐烂指数、可溶性固形物含量、pH、维生素C和感官评价指标,研究不同涂膜处理对圣女果保鲜效果的影响,以期筛选出适宜于圣女果的复合保鲜涂膜,为其采后贮运保鲜提供参考依据。结果表明：与对照组相比,各处理组均不同程度延长了贮藏期,且壳聚糖+蜂蜡+茶多酚处理可以保持圣女果较好的色泽和硬度,维持pH、可溶性固形物含量、维生素C含量,降低失重率和腐烂指数,因此可以认为保鲜效果最佳。不同复合涂膜可以不同程度降低圣女果失重率、腐烂指数,有效维持圣女果果实的可溶性固形物含量、pH、维生素C含量及感官特性,对圣女果的保鲜效果有效且具有差异性。     

中草药涂膜对小白菜保鲜效果的影响

以蒸馏水处理为对照,分别探讨了大黄、丁香及其复合提取液涂膜对小白菜的保鲜效果.研究结果表明,不同中草药涂膜均可降低小白菜贮藏期间呼吸强度,减少水分损失,延缓VC和可滴定酸含量的下降.其中以大黄、丁香复合提取液涂膜的保鲜效果最好.可使小白菜的货架期较对照延长2 d.     

海藻酸钠涂膜对苹果的保鲜效果

果品涂膜是一种简便易行的保鲜措施已有几十年的历史。果品涂膜不但可改善果品外观品质而且还能达到保鲜的目的已发展成为一种有效的现代贮藏技术或贮藏辅助技术而受到关注。随着人们对绿色食品的要求果品涂胶保鲜剂的成分正在由低毒的化学合成物质向无毒可食的天然物质发展。我们以可食性天然物质海藻酸钠为主要成分筛选出一种适于苹果涂膜保鲜的涂膜剂——海藻酸钠涂膜剂为进一步观测其保鲜效果本文以该涂膜剂对金冠、红富士、乔纳金和首红等苹果品种进行了涂膜保鲜研究以期为该涂膜剂的进一步开发应用提供依据。１、材料与方法１．１试材…     

热激处理对桃,李离体花枝2n花粉产生的影响

对桃和李通过休眠的花枝在２０℃条件下进行水培,减数分裂前期Ⅰ进行３２℃、１２ｈ热激处理,小孢子母细胞减数分裂四分体时期二分体发生频率为５．８２％～１６．０６％,２ｎ花粉比例为１３．３３％～２０．３７％,处理后花粉离体萌发率较低;３０℃恒温培养导致花蕾败育。二分体频率重复间、花朵间和品种间差异显著。     

壳聚糖季铵盐涂膜对黄瓜保鲜效果的影响

以壳聚糖季铵盐为涂膜材料,以黄瓜的失重率及可溶性固形物含量为评价标准,研究了壳聚糖季铵盐的浓度、pH及浸泡时间对黄瓜保鲜性能的影响。结果表明:采用1.00%浓度,pH为5.0～5.5的壳聚糖季铵盐溶液对黄瓜进行涂膜保鲜15d后,黄瓜的失重率为5.6%,可溶性固形物含量为3.1%,可有效保持黄瓜的感官品质,降低失重率,减少可溶性固形物含量的损失,室温下贮藏延长货架期。     

微波处理与涂膜对草菇控温贮藏保鲜的影响研究

探讨了微波杀菌、壳聚糖和黄原胶涂膜对草菇控温贮藏保鲜的影响.采用单因素试验比较不同加热火力、加热时间微波杀菌和不同配比壳聚糖、黄原胶涂膜的草菇保鲜效果,再根据单因素优选试验结果,选取微波时间、子实体包装规格、涂膜剂浓度(壳聚糖和黄原胶共混涂膜剂浓度)和贮藏温度为主要因素,以鲜度感观评分为指标,先微波后涂膜进行正交试验.结果表明,输出功率462 W微波加热15 s 或20 s对草菇具有较好的杀菌保鲜效果;涂膜处理保鲜效果均显著优于对照组;优化保鲜工艺:包装规格150 g,微波(462 W)处理时间20 s,涂膜剂浓度2.0%(壳聚糖∶黄原胶=1∶1)和贮藏温度15 ℃,在此优化条件下,草菇贮藏保鲜达216 h以上(＞9 d).     

壳聚糖涂膜处理松茸保鲜技术的研究

研究了以壳聚糖为主要保鲜剂的多糖高分子复合保鲜液．对松茸进行处理后的有关呼吸酶的活性以及呼吸强度、Vc含量等生理指标的影响。结果表明，复合涂膜液对松茸的保鲜效果较好．有效地抑制了松茸的呼吸作用，减少了营养成分的损失，可将松茸保鲜7～8d。     

桃热激转录因子PpHSF18基因的克隆及功能分析

【目的】克隆桃热激转录因子PpHSF18基因,分析其在2种树型桃中的表达,探究其在分枝角度形成中的功能。【方法】测定一年生普通型桃大久保和柱型桃洒红龙柱枝条不同生长时期分枝角度,并分析11个桃PpHSFAs基因在2种树型中的表达;克隆PpHSF18基因,构建PpHSF18基因的过表达载体,并进行拟南芥遗传转化,探究其对拟南芥株型和分枝角度的影响。【结果】柱型桃品种洒红龙柱枝条分枝角度显著小于普通型桃大久保,大久保桃分枝角度随着枝条生长逐渐增大,而洒红龙柱桃分枝角度变化不明显;11个桃A类HSF转录因子家族基因在2种树型桃茎尖中的表达呈3种趋势,其中PpHSF18与PpLAZY1呈相同表达趋势,即在柱型桃中表达量显著高于普通型桃,且与水稻OsHSFA2D同源性最高;PpHSF18三个转基因株系分枝角度均小于野生型拟南芥分枝角度,表明PpHSF18参与植物分枝角度的形成。【结论】过表达PpHSF18导致转基因拟南芥分枝角度变小,为进一步解析PpHSF18在桃分枝角度形成中的作用提供理论依据。     

壳聚糖复合涂膜对中田大山楂的保鲜效果

以中田大山楂为试材,采用9组不同配方的壳聚糖复合涂膜处理,将试材置于4℃、相对湿度为80%~90%的条件下贮藏,分别在2014年12月、2015年1月和3月测定山楂腐烂率、可溶性固形物含量、维生素C含量、原花色素含量、可滴定酸含量、游离氨基酸含量及多酚氧化酶活性,研究了不同配方壳聚糖复合涂膜对中田大山楂的保鲜效果。结果表明:在4℃贮藏条件下,壳聚糖复合涂膜处理可减少中田大山楂的腐烂率,延缓可溶性固形物、维生素C、原花色素、可滴定酸、游离氨基酸含量的下降,降低多酚氧化酶活性。其中,2%壳聚糖+1.5%CaCl_2+1.0%甘油配方处理的保鲜效果最好。因此,壳聚糖复合涂膜处理有利于中田大山楂的保鲜。     

热处理对冷藏板栗石灰化的影响

以河南确山红油栗为试材,经清水漂洗除去嫩粒后通风晾干,按随机方法分成105份样品,用食品保鲜袋(25cm×30cm)包装。然后分别以20℃、30℃和35℃温度处理4、8和12d后于0℃下贮藏,研究贮前热处理对板栗果实石灰化的影响。结果表明,贮前处理的温度愈高、时间愈长,板栗果实失水愈多、石灰化发生的比例愈大,冷藏期间石灰化发生程度愈严重。热处理后的板栗比对照果实更容易出现丙二醛(MDA)的积累。板栗石灰化指数与各指标的相关性分析表明,板栗石灰化与果实的水分损失和细胞膜的破坏关系最密切,2者是引起板栗石灰化的主要原因。     

采后热处理对枇杷果实冷藏期间品质的影响

以解放钟枇杷为材料,研究热水和热空气处理对枇杷冷藏(4℃)期间品质的影响。结果表明,38℃36h和48h热空气处理均能够延缓枇杷果实可溶性固形物和出汁率的下降,阻止木质素、硬度、细胞膜透性以及果心褐变指数的上升,显著抑制枇杷果实腐烂的发生,冷藏后枇杷保持较好的食用品质。2组处理相比38℃热空气处理48h的效果较好一点,但是该处理出现了轻微的热伤害。50℃10min、20min热水处理导致严重的热伤害,加剧了枇杷果实的腐烂,在冷藏14d后失去了商品价值,该热水处理不适合枇杷果实的采后保鲜。     

一氧化氮对冷藏过程中‘肥城桃’果实内挥发性物质的影响

【目的】探讨一氧化氮(NO)对冷藏过程中‘肥城桃’果实内挥发性物质生物合成的影响。【方法】将生理成熟期的‘肥城桃’果实用不同浓度NO气体熏蒸3 h,考察冷藏过程中桃果实内醇类、醛类和酯类物质的释放量及其相关酶的活性。【结果】冷藏过程中,‘肥城桃’果实内醇类和醛类物质总量基本呈下降趋势,而酯类总量呈上升趋势。与对照相比,NO处理延缓了‘肥城桃’果实中醇类、醛类物质总量的下降和酯类物质总量的增加,10μL·L-1NO处理比5μL·L-1NO处理效果更明显。NO处理使桃果实中醇酰基转移酶(AAT)、乙醇脱氢酶(ADH)和脂氧合酶(LOX)的活性受到抑制。【结论】NO参与桃果实中一些挥发性物质的合成,NO处理能较好地保持冷藏果实挥发性物质的含量,维持果实良好的贮藏品质。     

临城桃的贮藏保鲜试验

采用多种方法贮藏八成熟的临城桃,结果表明,经1000mg/L赤霉素液、桃保鲜剂500倍液、桃保鲜乳剂20倍液浸果10min（分钟）处理,或用PS-1保鲜纸包果,装入0.03mm聚氯乙烯袋中（每袋5kg）,并放入2g乙烯吸收剂,采用0℃下变温贮藏,贮藏3个月好果率均可达90%以上。     

Ca storage and hypobaric storage of white peach ‘Okubo’

White peach ‘Okubo’ fruits were stored for 3 weeks at 1°C in cold storage, controlled atmosphere (CA) storage (3% CO₂ + 3% O₂ and 0% CO₂ + 3% O₂) and hypobaric storage ($\text{1}\text{7}\text{and}\text{6}\text{7}\text{atm}\text{.}$) After removal from storage, fruits were ripened at 20°C. In cold-stored fruits, low temperature injuries (flesh browning, mealy breakdown and abnormal peeling) developed. When O₂ was maintained at 3% without CO₂, the ripening rate after storage was faster than that of fruits which had been held at 20°C directly, and low temperature injuries were not controlled. Under the atmospheric conditions of 3% O₂ and 3% CO₂, ripening rate after storage was not different from that of directly ripened fruits, and injuries were almost completely controlled. In the fruits kept in hypobaric storage of $\text{1}\text{7}\text{atm}\text{.}$, the ripening rate after storage was slower than that of fruits stored in air at 1 atm. (cold storage). Mealy breakdown was reduced, but no effect was found on the flesh browning nor on the abnormal peeling. No significant differences were found between hypobaric-stored fruits of $\text{6}\text{7}\text{atm}\text{.}$ and cold-stored ones.     

1-MCP对不同成熟度白凤桃冷害发生的影响

以白凤桃果实为材料,研究了1-甲基环丙烯(1-MCP)对低温冷藏条件下果实成熟生理和冷害发生的影响。实验采用25μL/L1-MCP分别对底色转白期(MG)和成熟期(RR)桃果实进行处理,然后置于(0±1)℃冷库中贮藏24d。结果表明,1-MCP处理都能够延缓MG和RR果实的后熟软化进程,降低乙烯释放量,并抑制了果实快速软化阶段的PG酶活性;1-MCP处理提高了贮藏后期MG果实的硬度,降低了出汁率,加剧了冷害的发生程度,1-MCP处理对RR果实的冷害发生率没有显著影响,表明1-MCP对桃冷害的发生程度与果实成熟度有关。     

Effect of heat treatment on striatum neurons

AIM: To determine the effect of heat treatment on rat primary cultured neurons, and give fundamental research for candidate molecule to protect the neurons from heat injury. METHODS: Neurons from rat striatum were primary cultivated in D-MEM with 15% horse serum, and when got mature, cells were identified by immuno-cytochemical staining with neurofilament protein (NF), tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and neuron specific enolase (NSE) antibodies. Cells in heat treatment groups were put in an 43 ℃ CO₂ incubator for 1 h, and the control groups at 37 ℃ as normal. Striatum neurons were stained with trypan blue and dual fluorscence dye (PI/H33258) immediately followed heat treatment, and necrosis rate of neurons was estimated. At the same time, activated caspase-3 immuno-cytochemical and TdT TUNEL^ methods were applied to determine apoptosis rate, and cell volume was also identified with micro-photography. RESULTS: During day 7 to day 9, the cultured striatum neurons got mature, and many neuronal fibers starched out and formed neuron network, NF, TH, and NSE staining positive. Treatment at 43 ℃ for 1 h, cell number decreased greatly, while NF⁺ percentage kept unchanged, and the heat treatment survived neurons were processing cell necrosis and apoptosis, but necrosis percentage was much greater than that of apoptosis. While cell volume kept unchanged after heat treatment. CONCLUSION: Heat treatment greatly affects the growth and survival of the cultured striatum neurons, and the injury effect is most due to cell necrosis process.     

苹果增产菌对桃果实的影响

在桃树上喷施苹果增产菌后可以达到提早开花３～４天，提早成熟。单果重提高１８．３７％～３９．９４％，果形指数提高４．３６％～５．３６％，可溶性固形物含量提高５．７１％～１０．８７％，果实的品质和风味有所改善。不同时期和次数的处理结果是：在桃树幼芽萌动期、坐果期和果实迅速膨大期各喷１次１０００倍苹果增产菌，其效果明显好于在幼芽萌动期和坐果期各喷１次和只在幼芽萌动期喷１次的处理     

桃树施用钾肥的效果初报

采用硫酸钾、磷酸二氢钾、草木灰3种钾肥和4种不同用量对桃树进行施肥试验，结果表明，以每年株施0．6kg硫酸钾或3kg草木灰，或叶面连喷3次0．4％磷酸二氢钾效果最好。     

Effects of high-humidity storage on quality,decay and storage life of cherry,lemon and peach fruits

Sweet cherries (Prunus avium (L.) ‘Lambert’ and ‘Blackboy’), lemons (Citrus limon (L.) Burm. f. ‘Lisbon’) and peaches (Prunus persica (L.) Batsch, ‘Summerset’) were stored at 77–83, 90–94 and 95–99% RH (high humidity) at near-optimal storage temperatures after harvest and treatment with fungicides. High-humidity storage did not increase the storage life of peaches held at 0°C, but the life expectancy of cherries (both cultivars) was extended by 7–10 days at 0°C, and of lemons by at least 4 weeks at 10°C when fruit were stored at 95–99% RH compared with levels below 95%. The beneficial effects of high humidity were attributed to retardation of peel desiccation and associated reductions in fruit deformation, peel de-greening, chilling-injury and decay in lemons and to the maintenance of a fresher stalk and a firmer, less shrivelled fruit in cherries. High humidity had no effect on decay in cherries or peaches, but it significantly reduced weight loss and delayed the appearance of shrivel in peaches stored at 0°C. However, after storage at high humidity for 4 weeks, peaches ripened with low rates of C₂H₄ evolution and showed severe low-temperature injury, slight peeling-injury and a poor flavour ex-store.