限饲和自由采食条件下色氨酸对仔猪生长性能和血清尿素氮的影响

色氨酸在仔猪的玉米-豆粕型或玉米-鱼粉型饲粮中是第二限制性氨基酸。仔猪饲粮中添加色氨酸能够促进采食量的增加,提高仔猪的生长性能。试验选取32头28日龄断奶体重约为(8.63±0.79)kg法系长白阉公猪,2×2因子设计,分为4个处理,每个处理8个重复,每个重复1头猪,试验期为21天。采取限饲和自由采食饲喂方式,研究两个不同色氨酸浓度的饲粮(0.12%,0.26%)对仔猪生长性能的影响。在试验的第一周,饲喂方式之间的日增重差异极显著(P<0.01),不同色氨酸水平之间的日增重没有显著差异,饲喂方式和饲粮色氨酸水平之间没有互作效应。第二周,饲喂方式和饲粮色氨酸水平都对仔猪日增重有显著影响(P<0.05),料重比在自由采食情况下极显著高于限饲情况(P<0.01),饲喂方式和饲粮色氨酸水平没有互作关系。限饲组和自由采食组饲喂0.26%色氨酸饲粮的仔猪日增重高于0.12%组(P<0.05和P<0.01),料重比明显低于饲喂0.12%色氨酸饲粮组(P<0.05和P<0.01)。第三周的结果和第二周相似。整个试验期饲喂方式和饲粮色氨酸水平对仔猪日增重和料重比都有极显著或显著影响,但两者没有互作效应。限饲组和自由采食组中,饲喂0.26%色氨酸饲粮组的仔猪日增重极显著高于饲喂0.12%色氨酸饲粮组仔猪(P<0.01),同时不同饲喂方式之间日增重差异极显著(P<0.01);饲喂0.26%色氨酸饲粮的仔猪料重比极显著低于饲喂0.12%色氨酸饲粮的仔猪(P<0.01)。限饲条件下色氨酸水平由0.12%升高到0.26%,仔猪血清尿素氮水平由15.37mg/mL下降到12.13mg/mL,差异显著(P<0.05);同样在自由采食条件下血清尿素氮明显下降(P<0.05),由原来的16mg/mL降到11.38mg/mL。结论,在其他营养素进食相同条件下,增加饲粮色氨酸量能够提高仔猪日增重和饲料报酬,降低血清尿素氮,说明色氨酸本身对仔猪的生长和代谢有一定的作用;在自由采食情况下,增加饲粮色氨酸量还可提高仔猪采食量,结合其本身促生长作用,能显著提高仔猪生长性能。     

大蒜素对断奶仔猪血清生化指标及生长相关激素的影响

为了研究大蒜素(allicin)对断奶仔猪血清生化指标和生长相关激素的影响,试验选择21日龄体重5.6kg左右的断奶仔猪(杜×长×大)24头,随机分为3个处理,每个处理4个重复,每个重复2头,处理1饲喂基础日粮(对照组),处理2饲喂基础日粮+0.01%大蒜素(试验组),处理3饲喂基础日粮+0.07%抗生素(抗生素组),试验期21d,测定了仔猪血清生化指标、生长相关激素的变化。结果表明:大蒜素能改善断奶仔猪血清生化指标和生长相关激素水平。大蒜素组血清LDL(低密度脂蛋白)、CHO(总胆固醇)和GLU(葡萄糖)含量在断奶后第7d比对照组高23.9%、38.1%(P<0.05)、11.4%;第14d高14.7%(P<0.05)、15.6%、12.0%。断奶后SUN(血清尿素氮)含量升高,大蒜素组和抗生素组低于对照组;各处理血清ALP(碱性磷酸酶)活性有升高的趋势。大蒜素组FT3、IGF-1含量及FT3/FT4显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。整个试验期大蒜素组与抗生素组各项指标差异不显著。     

酪蛋白酶解物对断奶仔猪免疫功能及生长性能的影响

试验选取21日龄杜×大×长断奶仔猪30头,分为对照组和试验组,对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组仔猪每头每天在基础日粮的基础上添加2g酪蛋白酶解物,研究酪蛋白酶解物对断奶仔猪免疫功能和生长性能的影响。试验结果表明,试验组仔猪血清中IgA、IgG和IgM的水平分别比对照组提高15.85%(P<0.01)、2.04%(P>0.05)、7.89%(P<0.05);试验组与对照组仔猪相比,血清补体C3、C4水平差异不显著;对照组和试验组仔猪外周血淋巴细胞增殖率分别为14.19%、22.52%,差异极显著(P<0.01);试验组仔猪的日增重较对照组有明显的提高。     

高剂量铜对仔猪生长性能及血液生化指标的影响

108头体重为(15.8±1.34)kg杜长大仔猪按饲养试验要求分为2组,分别饲喂添加5mg/kg和250mg/kg的铜(CuSO4)的相同饲粮。试验预试7天,正试48天。饲养试验结束后,颈静脉采血制作血清,测定血清SUN等血清常规指标和GH、Gastrin等血清激素水平。试验结果表明:添加高铜使仔猪平均日增重提高13.04%(P<0.01),平均日采食量提高9.9%(P<0.01)。血清中GH、Gastrin浓度分别提高28.32%(P<0.01)、29.25%(P<0.01),皮质醇浓度降低了8.71%(P=0.14),IGF-1浓度有升高的趋势(P>0.05)。血清尿素N(SUN)浓度降低9.67%(P<0.05)。     

高锌日粮长期暴露对断奶仔猪生长性能和血清生化指标的影响

试验选用60头日龄相近(23±1)临床检查健康的“杜×长×大”三元杂交断奶仔猪,按体重和性别随机分成3组,每组20头,分别饲喂基础日粮、基础日粮+3000 mg/kg 氧化锌、基础日粮+500 mg/kg 蛋氨酸锌。在断奶后0、21、42、70 d,每组随机选取10头仔猪,前腔静脉采血,测定部分血清生化指标。结果表明,在断奶后0~42 d,添加高锌日粮组仔猪的体重和日增重显著（P<0.05)或极显著（P<0.01)高于对照组仔猪,而在断奶后42~70 d,对照组仔猪日增重显著高于添加高锌日粮组仔猪（P<0.05）;在断奶后42~70 d,添加高锌日粮组仔猪血清AST和ALT水平显著(P<0.05)或极显著(P<0.01)高于对照组仔猪,而血清TP、ALB水平显著（P<0.05)或极显著（P<0.01)低于对照组仔猪;在断奶后21~70 d,添加高锌日粮组仔猪血清ALP水平极显著高于对照组仔猪（P<0.01）。因此,断奶仔猪早期饲喂高锌日粮能显著缓解仔猪断奶应激,而长期饲喂高锌日粮对断奶仔猪有毒副作用。     

不同消化能与蛋白质水平对断奶仔猪生长性能的影响

研究选用288头(23±2)日龄,初始体重(7.12±0.54)kg的健康杜×长×大三元杂交断奶仔猪,采用2×3因子设计,研究消化能(14.64MJ/kg和14.23MJ/kg)与蛋白质水平(19%、21%和23%)对断奶仔猪生长性能的影响。结果表明:与低消化能水平相比,高消化能显著提高仔猪日增重12.9%(P<0.01),改善饲料转化率18.8%(P<0.01),降低腹泻率27.6%;随着日粮蛋白质水平的提高,日增重(P=0.04)和饲料转化率显著提高(P<0.01),而腹泻率也随之呈增加趋势。由此可见,随着日粮消化能和蛋白质浓度的提高,断奶仔猪的日增重和饲料转化率提高。在本试验条件下,日粮消化能为14.64MJ/kg,CP为21%时可达到最佳的促生长效果和饲料转化率。     

酵母抽提物替代血浆蛋白粉对断奶仔猪生产性能的影响

试验旨在研究酵母抽提物部分或全部替代血浆蛋白粉对断奶仔猪生产性能的影响。试验共选160头体重([6.20±0.10)kg]和日龄([26±2)d]相近的PIC断奶仔猪,分为4个处理,每个处理5个重复,每个重复8头仔猪。对照组(处理1)饲喂基础日粮,处理2饲喂含4%血浆蛋白粉(SDPP)日粮,处理3饲喂含2%SDPP+2%酵母抽提物的日粮,处理4饲喂含4%酵母抽提物日粮。试验期为28 d,所有仔猪自由采食和饮水。结果表明,与对照组相比,饲喂含4%酵母抽提物日粮能促进仔猪生长,试验全期仔猪日增重提高15%(P<0.05),饲料增重比降低7%(P<0.05);与含4%或2%SDPP日粮组相比,饲喂含4%酵母抽提物日粮并没有显著影响仔猪平均日采食量和日增重,但饲料增重比在试验前3周和试验全期均得到显著改善(降低7%～10%,P<0.05)。因此,酵母抽提物能促进断奶仔猪生长,部分或全部替代SDPP不影响仔猪增重,且能改善饲料转化率。     

在低蛋白日粮中添加色氨酸对仔猪生产性能及血清游离氨基酸和尿素氮的影响

选择平均断奶体重 8.1kg的三元杂交 (杜×大×长 )仔猪 90头 ,随机分为 5个处理组。处理 1饲喂粗蛋白为 18.37%的低蛋白日粮 ;处理 2～ 4在处理 1日粮的基础上分别添加 2 0 0 ,4 0 0 ,6 0 0g/t的色氨酸 (Trp) ,使处理 1～ 4色氨酸含量分别为 0 .2 2 % ,0 .2 4 % ,0 .2 6 %和 0 .2 8% ,色氨酸与大分子中性氨基酸 (LNAA)的比例 (Trp/LANN)分别为4 .6 8% ,5 .10 % ,5 .5 3%和 5 .96 % ;处理 5则饲喂粗蛋白为 2 1.5 9%的高蛋白日粮 ,色氨酸含量为 0 .2 4 % ,色氨酸与大分子中性氨基酸的比例为 5 .0 0 %。试验期为 2 8d。结果表明 :(1)随日粮色氨酸添加量的增加和色氨酸与大分子中性氨基酸比例的上升 ,各处理间仔猪采食量和日增重均无显著差异 ,但处理 4与处理 1相比 ,采食量和日增重分别提高 10 %和 8%。 (2 )在低蛋白日粮中添加 6 0 0g/t的色氨酸 ,仔猪日增重和采食量与高蛋白日粮相比无显著差异 (P >0 .0 5 )。 (3)在低蛋白日粮组中 ,仔猪血清尿素氮浓度显著降低 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,比高蛋白日粮组下降 16 %。     

超早期断奶仔猪可消化蛋氨酸、苏氨酸、色氨酸需求参数研究

3个试验分别选用14日龄、体重约3.6～3.8kg 的三元杂交[杜×(大×长)]断奶仔猪84、60、60头 ,分别研究不同饲粮蛋氨酸水平(Met,0.28 %、0.32 %、0.36 %、0.40 %、0.44 %、0.48 %、0.53 %)、苏氨酸水平(Thr,0.745 %、0.805 %、0.865 %、0.925 %、0.985 %和1.045 %)、色氨酸水平(Trp,0.16 %、0.19 %、0.22 %、0.25 %、0.28 %和0.31 %)对3.6(3.8)～9kg 超早期断奶仔猪的生产性能和血清尿素氮浓度的影响。结果表明 :(1)在0.28 %～0.48 %的蛋氨酸水平范围内 ,随着蛋氨酸水平的升高 ,仔猪平均日增重显著提高(P<0.05) ,料重比显著降低(P<0.05) ,采食量有增加趋势(P>0.05) ,血清尿素氮浓度极显著降低(P<0.01) ;但蛋氨酸0.44 %组与0.48 %组仔猪的生产性能极为接近(P>0.05) ;蛋氨酸0.53 %组仔猪的生产性能又趋于降低。(2)随饲粮苏氨酸水平升高 ,仔猪平均日增重近线性提高(P>0.05) ,料重比显著降低(P<0.05) ,采食量无规律变化(P>0.05) ,血清尿素氮浓度显著降低(P<0.05) ,但Thr0.985 %组和1.045 %组仔猪生产性能很相近(P>0.05)。(3)随饲粮色氨酸水平升高 ,仔猪平均日增重极显著提高(P<0.01) ,料重比极显著降低(P<0.01) ,采食量显著提高(P<0.05) ,血清尿素氮浓度趋于降低(P>0.05) ,但Trp0.28 %组和0.31 %组仔猪生产性     

复合非淀粉多糖酶对断奶仔猪生长性能和血清生化指标的影响

为了研究不同复合木聚糖酶和β-甘露聚糖酶对断奶仔猪生长性能和血液生化指标的影响,选择72头体重(6.75±0.26)kg"杜×长×大"断奶仔猪,分为3个处理,每个处理4个重复,每个重复6头猪,对照组饲喂基础日粮(CT),试验1组饲喂基础日粮+0.5%复合酶1(E1),试验2组饲喂基础日粮+0.5%复合酶2(E2)。结果显示:与对照组相比,试验1组能显著提高断奶仔猪平均日增重(P<0.05),试验2组能显著提高断奶仔猪平均日增重(P<0.05)、降低料肉比(P<0.05);试验1组能显著提高断奶仔猪血清总蛋白、白蛋白浓度(P<0.05),降低血清尿素氮浓度(P<0.05);试验2组能显著提高断奶仔猪血清总蛋白(P<0.01)、白蛋白浓度和碱性磷酸酶活性(P<0.05),降低血清尿素氮浓度(P<0.05)。说明日粮中添加酶制剂可以调节血清中蛋白质代谢相关指标,提高断奶仔猪的生长性能。     

甘氨酸亚铁对断奶仔猪生长性能、铁表观消化率及血清铁相关指标的影响

本试验旨在研究甘氨酸亚铁对断奶仔猪生长性能、铁表观消化率及血清铁相关指标的影响。试验选取12头(28±1)日龄"杜×长×大"断奶仔猪,根据体重、健康状况等均衡分布原则分为2组,每组6个重复,每个重复1头仔猪,单个饲养于消化代谢笼。试验分为2个阶段,第1阶段:2组均饲喂缺铁基础饲粮10 d,使仔猪处于临近贫血状态;第2阶段:对照组在缺铁基础饲粮中额外添加100 mg/kg的硫酸亚铁(以铁计),试验组额外添加100 mg/kg的甘氨酸亚铁(以铁计),试验期10 d。结果表明:与添加硫酸亚铁相比,饲粮添加甘氨酸亚铁有降低仔猪料重比的趋势(P0.10),降低了4.57%,但对仔猪的平均日增重、平均日采食量无显著影响(P0.10);饲粮添加甘氨酸亚铁能显著降低粪中的铁排出量和铁排出总量(P0.05),分别降低了23.11%和22.09%;饲粮添加甘氨酸亚铁能极显著提高铁表观消化率和表观代谢率(P0.01),分别提高了13.34%和22.42%;同时,饲粮添加甘氨酸亚铁能显著提高血清中的铁饱和度和血液中的铁含量(P0.05)。综上,甘氨酸亚铁可提高断奶仔猪的生长性能,提高血液铁含量,改善仔猪铁代谢状况,降低粪便铁排出量,是一种绿色高效的新型补铁剂。     

日粮中添加恩拉霉素和脂多糖攻毒对断奶仔猪生产性能和血清生化指标的影响

本试验旨在研究在正常与免疫应激条件下添加恩拉霉素对仔猪的作用效果及安全性。将36头21日龄断奶、健康、DLY阉公仔猪随机分为3个处理,每个处理12个重复;分别饲喂基础日粮及在基础日粮中添加5、80 mg/kg恩拉霉素日粮(加药期),21 d后,各组均饲喂基础日粮(停药期),7 d后,每处理随机取出6头仔猪腹腔注射LPS 200μg/kg体重(应激期),剩余6头仔猪腹腔注射等量生理盐水。分别于应激前和应激后2.5 h、3 d采血。结果表明:日粮添加5 mg/kg和80 mg/kg恩拉霉素不同程度提高0～7、8～14、15～21 d和0～21 d仔猪的日增重和采食量,而对饲料增重比无影响;前期添加恩拉霉素组仔猪的生产性能在停药期仍略优于对照组;LPS应激导致仔猪平均日增重和平均日采食量显著下降(P<0.05);加药期添加恩拉霉素可显著提高应激期仔猪平均日采食量(P<0.05)。注射LPS前,各组血清理化指标没有显著差异(P>0.05);注射LPS 2.5 h后,血清丙二醛、皮质醇和IGF-1的含量显著提高(P<0.05);注射LPS3 d后,血清IGF-1浓度显著提高(P<0.01),NO浓度显著降低(P<0.01),皮质醇浓度有提高的趋势(P<0.1);日粮添加恩拉霉素显著降低了血清中IGF-1的浓度(P<0.01),与LPS具有显著互作效应(P<0.05)。     

Effects of dietary Forsythia suspensa extract supplementation to lactating sows and nursery pigs on post-weaning performance,antioxidant capacity,nutrient digestibility,immunoglobulins, and intestinal health

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of dietary Forsythia suspensa extract (FSE) supplementation to lactating sows and nursery pigs on post-weaning performance, antioxidant capacity, immunoglobulins, and intestinal health. Based on backfat, body weight (BW), and parity, 24 gestating sows (Landrace × Yorkshire) with average parity of 3.38 ± 0.61 and BW of 234 ± 6.81 kg were allotted into two dietary treatments (control vs. 100 mg/kg FSE) with 12 sows per treatment from day 107 of gestation to day 21 of lactation. After weaning, based on the initial BW and source litter, 192 nursery pigs (Duroc × [Landrace × Yorkshire], average BW of 6.98 ± 0.32 kg, weaned at day 21) were allotted into four dietary treatments with eight replicate pens per treatment, six pigs per pen for a 4-wk study. The treatments included the following: 1) CC (sows and their piglets both fed control diet); 2) CF (sows fed control diet and their piglets fed FSE diet [containing 100 mg/kg FSE]); 3) FC (sows fed FSE diet and their piglets fed control diet); and 4) FF (sows and their piglets both fed FSE diet). The MIXED procedures of SAS for a split-plot arrangement with sow diet as the whole plot and nursery diet as split plot were used to analyze the data. After weaning, piglets from FSE-fed sows had improved (P < 0.05) average daily gain and feed efficiency, and lower (P < 0.05) diarrhea rate in overall (day 1 to 28) compared with those from sows fed control diet. Piglets from FSE-fed sows also had higher (P < 0.05) contents of immunoglobulin G (IgG), growth hormone, superoxide dismutase (SOD), total antioxidant capacity in serum, villus height in ileum, and villus height to crypt depth ratio in jejunum, as well as lower (P < 0.05) content of malondialdehyde (MDA) in serum and crypt depth in ileum compared with those from sows fed control diet. Piglets fed FSE during nursery had increased (P < 0.05) concentrations of IgG, SOD, and catalase, and decreased (P < 0.05) MDA and tumor nuclear factor-α levels in serum compared with those fed control diet during nursery. Piglets from FC group had increased (P < 0.05) protein expression of occludin in jejunal mucosa and relative abundance of Lactobacillus on genus level in colon compared with those from CC group. In conclusion, for the performance and intestinal health, diets supplemented with FSE during lactation phase seemed more efficient to alleviate weaning stress than the nursery phase. In terms of the antioxidant status and immunoglobulins, FSE supplemented in both phases were efficient for nursery pigs.     

五味子、柠檬酸对断奶仔猪血清生化指标和免疫功能的影响

选择28日龄断奶二元杂交(长白×大约克)仔猪48头,断奶体重(7.4±0.6)kg,平均分为4个组,每组3个重复,每重复4头(公、母各半),研究日粮中添加五味子(SC)、柠檬酸(CA)对断奶仔猪血清生化指标以及免疫功能的影响。试验组分别添加1%CA、0.5%SC、1%CA+0.5%SC,对照组为玉米-豆粕型基础日粮。结果表明:与对照组相比,CA+SC组血清尿素氮(BUN)水平和谷丙转氨酶(ALT)活性显著降低(P<0.05),SC组血清BUN水平和碱性磷酸酶(ALP)活性显著降低(P<0.05),ALT活性极显著降低(P<0.01)。CA+SC组T3水平显著提高(P<0.05)。与对照组相比,SC组血清中猪瘟抗体效价、IgG和IgA水平显著提高(P<0.05)。SC组、CA+SC组血清白细胞介素-2(IL-2)水平显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。     

Effects of weaning on somatotrophic gene expression and circulating levels of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and IGF-2 in pigs

The present study evaluated somatotrophic gene expression in liver, muscle and adipose tissue 4 d after weaning, a time point corresponding to greatly reduced serum concentrations of insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1 and IGF-2 in pigs. Two-week-old barrows were either cross-fostered to a sow (SOW, N = 8) or weaned and fed a phase 1 diet containing either 0 or 7% spray-dried plasma (NP, N = 8 and SDP, N = 8; respectively). Piglets were allocated such that two size groups were equivalently represented in each experimental group (small, 3.5–4.3 kg and large, 4.6–5.7 kg). Animals were weighed daily and sacrificed 4 d after weaning for blood and tissue collection. Daily gains of the SOW piglets were significantly greater than those of the weaned pigs for the first 3 d of the experiment (P < 0.0001). Weight gains in the SOW and SDP pigs between d 3 and 4 were equivalently elevated relative to the NP pigs (P < 0.0001). Serum IGF-1 and IGF-2 concentrations were decreased in both NP and SDP compared to SOW (P < 0.0001). Serum IGF-2 levels were significantly lower in small piglets (P = 0.006). A Weaning Group X Size interaction was noted for liver IGF-2 mRNA (P < 0.03), reflecting a higher level of expression in large SOW piglets relative to small SOW piglets. Weaning did not affect IGF-1, IGF-2, or growth hormone (GH) receptor mRNA levels in liver, muscle, or fat (P > 0.05). Liver IGF-binding protein (IGFBP)-3 and acid-labile subunit (ALS) mRNA levels also were unaffected by weaning. Small pigs had lower levels of liver ALS (P = 0.0003), muscle IGF-2 (P = 0.02), and muscle GH receptor (P = 0.006) mRNAs. In contrast, adipose tissue IGF-1 and IGF-2 mRNA levels were greatest in the small piglets (P = 0.001 and 0.029, respectively).     

Effects of graded levels of xylo-oligosaccharides on growth performance,serum parameters,intestinal morphology,and intestinal barrier function in weaned piglets

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of xylo-oligosaccharides (XOSs) supplementation on growth performance, serum parameters, small intestinal morphology, intestinal mucosal integrity, and immune function in weaned piglets. A total of 240 weaned piglets with an average body weight (BW) of 8.82 ± 0.05 kg (28 d of age) were assigned randomly to four dietary treatments in a 28-d trial, including a control (CON) diet and three diets with XOS supplementation at the concentration of 100 (XOS100), 500 (XOS500), and 1,000 (XOS1000) mg/kg. There were four replicates per treatment with 15 pigs per pen. From day 1 to 14, there were no differences (P > 0.05) in average daily gain (ADG), average daily feed intake, and gain to feed ratio (G:F) during the different treatments. The different doses of XOSs showed a quadratic effect on BW on day 28, ADG, and G:F on day 1 to 28 of piglets (P < 0.05). From day 15 to 28, ADG of pigs fed the XOS500 diet was higher (P < 0.05) than pigs fed the CON diet. During the overall period (day 1 to 28), pigs fed the XOS500 diet had a higher BW, ADG, and G:F than pigs fed the CON diet (P < 0.05). In addition, compared with the CON group, the XOS500 group had significantly higher serum total antioxidant capacity, total superoxide dismutase and catalase levels, and lower malondialdehyde levels on days 14 and 28 (P < 0.05). The serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) concentration in the XOS500 group was also significantly higher compared with the CON group on days 14 and 28 (P < 0.05). However, serum immunoglobulin A and immunoglobulin M were not affected by the dietary treatments. Supplementation of XOS500 to the feed significantly increased the villus height (VH) and VH to crypt depth ratio in the jejunum and ileum in comparison with the CON and XOS1000 groups. Moreover, the XOS500 group significantly elevated the expression levels of occludin and zonula occludens protein-1 in the ileum compared with the CON group. The ileal interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-8, and interferon (IFN)-γ mRNA expression levels in the XOS100 and XOS500 groups were markedly lower than in the CON group. In contrast, the ileal IL-10 mRNA expression levels were remarkably higher in the XOS500 than in the CON group. In conclusion, XOSs have a beneficial effect on growth performance by improving serum antioxidant defense system, serum IgG, small intestinal structure, and intestinal barrier function in weaned piglets.     

Effect of Bacillus subtilis on Growth Performance and Serum Biochemical Parameters of Weaned Piglets

The experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of the Bacillus subtilis on growth performances and serum biochemical parameters of weaned piglets. A total of 96 pigs(Duroc×Landrace×Yorkshire) were randomly allocated to four treatments, each treatment had three replicates of 8 pigs. The pigs in control group were only fed basal diet, and those in other groups(groups Ⅰ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ) were fed basal diet supplemented with 0.1%, 0.2% and 0.4% Bacillus subtilis, respectively. The experiment lasted for 40 d. The results showed that the average end body weight, average daily gain and average daily feed intake in group Ⅱ were significantly higher than that of control group (P< 0.05), and the F/G in group Ⅱ had no significant difference with that of control group (P> 0.05). The contents of ALB and TP had no significant differences in all groups, the activities of ALP, ALT and AST in serum had no significant difference in all groups too, and the contents of BUN in serum of group Ⅰ and group Ⅱ were significantly lower than that of the control group (P< 0.05).The contents of IgA, IgM and IgG in serum of all groups had no significant differences (P> 0.05). The content of serum superoxide dismutase was significantly higher with add 0.2% Bacillus subtilis to the diet of weaned piglets (P< 0.05).It was concluded that the growth performance and serum biochemical parameters of group Ⅱ was best in weaned piglets, and suggested that optimal dietary Bacillus subtilis level was 0.2%.     

Reduced dietary nitrogen with a high Lys:CP ratio restricted dietary N excretion without negatively affecting weaned piglets

We hypothesized that balancing the content of exogenous amino acids, especially lysine, to reduce protein content in swine diets could reduce nitrogen (N) pollution associated with animal husbandry. Two experiments (45 d each experiment) were performed on weaned piglets (Duroc × Landrace × Yorkshire, 28 d of age) to test this and to determine the optimal lysine to crude protein (Lys:CP) ratio in diet. In Exp. 1, 12 piglets (6 replicates [n = 6]) were fed diets containing different levels of CP (17% and 20%) but the same level of Lys. Increased CP content resulted in significant increases (P < 0.05) of average daily gain (ADG), average daily feed intake (ADFI), and body weight (BW), but did not affect the feed to gain ratio. In Exp. 2, 24 piglets (8 replicates [n = 8]) were fed 1 of 3 diets as follows: 1) 20% CP with a regular Lys:CP ratio (6.23%, control); 2) 17% CP with a reduced Lys:CP ratio (6.14%, LL); or 3) 17% CP with a standard Lys:CP ratio (7.32%, SL). The ADG, final BW, serum concentrations of growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor-1, villus height in the jejunum, and villus height to crypt depth ratio were the lowest in piglets fed LL diet, whereas blood urea N concentration was the lowest and the value of lipase activity was the highest in the piglets fed SL diet. The SL diet did not affect growth performance, intestinal morphology, or serum hormone concentrations, indicating that reduced dietary N with a high Lys:CP ratio can efficiently reduce dietary N excretion without negatively affecting weaned piglets.     

Pigs weaned from the sow at 10 days of age respond to dietary energy source of manufactured liquid diets and exogenous porcine somatotropin

Previous research indicates that the neonatal pig does not alter feed intake in response to changes in the energy density of manufactured liquid diets. Also, the limited response of IGF-I to exogenous porcine ST (pST) previously observed in young pigs may be influenced by the source of dietary energy. Our objectives were to 1) determine the effect of a high-fat (HF; 25% fat and 4,639 kcal/kg ME; DM basis) or low-fat (LF; 2% fat and 3,481 kcal/kg ME; DM basis) manufactured liquid diet on pig performance; and 2) determine whether the limited response to exogenous pST in young pigs depends on the source of dietary energy. Two replicates of 60 pigs (n = 120; barrows and gilts distributed evenly), with an initial BW of 4,207 +/- 51 g, were weaned from the sow at 10 d of age and used in a randomized complete block design. Pigs were assigned by BW to one of six pens. Diets were formulated to provide a constant lysine:ME ratio and were fed on a pen basis for a duration of 9 d. On d 5, barrows and gilts within a pen were assigned randomly to receive either 0 or 120 microg of pST.kg BW(-1).d(-1) for 4 d. Pigs gained 336 +/- 9 g/d, which resulted in an ending BW of 7,228 +/- 120 g, regardless of dietary treatment (P > 0.15). Pigs fed the LF diet consumed 17% more DM per pen daily than pigs fed the HF diet (2,777 +/- 67 vs. 2,376 +/- 67 g/d, P < 0.01), but calculated ME intake did not differ between dietary treatments (P > 0.20). The G:F was 24% greater in HF- than in LF-fed pigs (P < 0.01). Plasma urea N concentrations were higher in the HF-fed pigs (11.0 +/- 0.6 mg/dL) than in pigs fed the LF diet (6.2 +/- 0.6 mg/dL; P < 0.05). Treatment with pST increased circulating IGF-I (P < 0.01) and decreased PUN (P < 0.01) concentration 32 and 25%, respectively, regardless of dietary treatment (P > 0.30). Circulating leptin averaged 1.8 +/- 0.1 ng/mL and was not affected by dietary treatment (P > 0.35) or pST (P > 0.40). These results suggest that the ST/IGF axis is responsive in the young pig and the increase in circulating IGF-I and growth is independent of the source of dietary energy. Also, young pigs respond to a lower energy density liquid diet with increased feed intake, without altering growth performance, apparently utilizing a mechanism other than circulating leptin.     

枯草芽孢杆菌对断奶仔猪生长性能和血清生化指标的影响

为研究日粮中添加不同剂量枯草芽孢杆菌对断奶仔猪生长性能和血清生化指标的影响,选健康、体重接近（7.58 kg±0.23 kg）的"杜×长×大"三元杂交仔猪96头,随机分为4个处理组,每个处理组3个重复,每重复8头猪,其中处理1组为对照组,不添加枯草芽孢杆菌;其他3个处理组分别为试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组,分别在基础日粮中添加0.1%、0.2%、0.4%的枯草芽孢杆菌制剂。试验期为40 d。结果显示,试验Ⅱ组的末重、平均日增重和平均日采食量均显著高于对照组（P< 0.05）,但料重比差异不显著（P> 0.05）;日粮中添加枯草芽孢杆菌对断奶仔猪血清总蛋白、白蛋白、碱性磷酸酶、谷丙转氨酶和谷草转氨酶的影响均差异不显著（P> 0.05）,而试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ组试验猪血清尿素氮含量显著低于对照组（P< 0.05）;日粮中添加枯草芽孢杆菌对断奶仔猪血清IgA、IgM和IgG含量的影响均差异不显著（P> 0.05）;日粮中添加0.2%枯草芽孢杆菌显著提高断奶仔猪血清超氧化物歧化酶活性（P< 0.05）。结果表明,在海南气候条件下,以试验Ⅱ组效果最好,建议生产中断奶仔猪日粮中枯草芽孢杆菌添加量为0.2%。