中国农业科学院郑州果树研究所育成油桃早熟新品系中油桃12号

油桃早熟品种的果实发育期短、病虫害发生较轻、不易裂果、栽培管理方便、市场空间也较大,是我国油桃重点推广品种。虽然我国油桃早熟新品种选育取得了重要进展,但多数早熟品种存在果个小、风味淡等问题,在生产中推广受到一定的制约。中国农业科学院郑州果树研究所最近育成的油桃早熟新品系中油桃12号,果实成熟期早、果个大、品质优,是油桃早熟育种的重大突破。     

容器培育温室栽培果树苗木技术

近几年 ,我们推广应用了容器培育温室栽培果树苗木技术 ,取得了较好效果。该技术为先将果树苗木预栽于容器中 ,待温室建好后 ,再将其移植到温室内 ,实现冬前栽树 ,春节开花 ,春季结果 ,不仅能够节约土地 ,方便温室的建设与施工 ,也有利于果树品种的更新换代。1　果树品种的选择选择品种的原则是树体矮小、早果早丰、果实较大且均匀、品质优良。如桃可选用早露蟠桃、曙光油桃、瑞光 3号、早红珠、早红霞、硕红油桃等 ;李可选用大石早生、莫尔特尼李等 ;杏选用凯特、金太阳、骆驼黄、玛瑙、香白杏等 ;樱桃选用红灯、拉宾斯、烟台红樱桃、斯坦…     

莱州市温室油桃生产的调查

山东省莱西市于20世纪90年代中期,从山东省果树研究所等科研单位引进10多个品种油桃,在温室内栽培。俗称“中国油桃之乡”的武备镇,则是莱西市温室栽培油桃最早、最多的乡镇。为充实果农业余培训教材内容,笔者对武备镇温室栽培油桃的经济效益以及与之密切相关的优良品种,主要栽     

早红宝石油桃引种试栽

早红宝石是中国农科院郑州果树所以早红2号为母本,瑞光2号为父本杂交育成的极早熟甜油桃新品种。1998年通过品种审定。1995年建日光温室,先后引入极早熟、早熟桃和油桃新品种15个进行试栽。1996年引入早红宝石接穗,同时在温室内高接换头,并培育幼苗。1997年春在露地定植100株,温室内全部高接早红宝石。1998年开始结果。通过3年引种试栽,初步看到该品种果个大、果形正、色泽艳、口感好。果实发育期短,需冷量低,成熟早,丰产性好,易管理,无落果、裂果现象。该品种适宜保护地栽培,也是当前保护地栽培品种更新换代的理想品种之一。1　品种特征、…     

浙南甜油桃栽培技术之我见

1品种选择 浙江南部苍南县南部平原或500m以下丘陵红沙壤，土质肥沃，pH值6．5～7．5，适宜短低温油桃品种栽培。中国农业科学院郑州果树研究所推出的极早熟品种极早518、千年红，早熟品种中油4号和中油5号；北京市农林科学院育成的新品种丽春、超红珠和春光；江苏省丰县甜油桃研究所选育的东方红；山东省莒县桃树研究所选育的极早熟品种莒油特早红等系列第三代甜油桃新品种，具有抗裂果、短低温、适应性较强等特点，可供选择。     

西宁地区的温室油桃品比试验

以“东方红”、“早大果”、“丽春”、“中油4号”、“中油5号”5个油桃品种为试材,通过对其物候期观测、果实品质测定、果实经济性状调查进行温室促早栽培品比试验.结果表明:果实成熟最早的是“东方红”,“丽春”、“中油5号”次之,“早大果”、“中油4号”最晚;从果实的品质指标来看,5个油桃品种可溶性糖、可滴定酸、维生素C、果实硬度、干物质含量均存在差异;从品种经济性状来看,5个油桃品种平均单果重、单位面积产量、裂果率、果形、果肉颜色差异显著;引进的5个油桃品种,在西宁地区的土壤和气候条件下进行温室促早栽培,均取得成功,并取得良好的经济效益,但综合评价,“东方红”、“丽春”、“中油5号”更具有市场前景.     

影响大棚油桃品质的因素及对策

1影响大棚油桃品质的因素1.1品种不好目前许多地区仍栽培五月火、早美光等酸味重、口感差的第1代油桃品种。1.2施肥不当多施氮肥,忽视磷钾肥和有机肥的施用,同时未能应用根外追肥技术。1.3果实成熟前浇水过多果实成熟前或成熟期浇水过多,导致树体旺长,果实糖度降低,品质下降,淡     

99-1油桃日光温室丰产栽培技术

张掖市甘州区是甘肃省河西走廊设施园艺作物栽植的重点地区之一,除规模化栽植设施蔬菜和花卉外,以葡萄、油桃、草莓等果树为主的设施果树也得到了迅速的发展.为了优化设施油桃品种结构,选出适合甘州区上市早、品质佳、产量高的油桃品种,于2004年3月从山东省寿光市纪台镇成德园艺场引进99-1油桃进行日光温室栽培试验,经过3 a的试验观察,该品种在甘州区表现成熟早、果个中等、色艳、味甜、丰产、果肉硬、耐贮藏、抗病性较强,售价是露地成熟桃的6～7倍,是一个较理想的设施栽培优良油桃品种.现将试栽结果总结如下.     

油桃裂果研究进展

从品种特性、果实生长发育特点、果实细胞组织结构等内部因素和气象因子、土壤条件、栽培措施等外部因素方面综述了油桃裂果的影响因素,寻找引起油桃裂果的主要原因,并提出防止油桃裂果相应的技术措施。首先从园地选择、品种选择方面尽量做到适地适栽,因地制宜,另外果园增施有机肥,提高土壤透水性和保水性,适时灌水,及时排水,使水分保持均衡状态,合理修剪,加强病虫害防治,严格疏花疏果,实行套袋栽培等一系列科学化管理均是防止油桃裂果和果锈的有效技术措施。     

桃设施栽培早熟品种引种观察

设施油桃生产,以其提早成熟、果品价值高、栽培区域广等优势,在我市得到大面积推广。但以前栽植的如早红2号、曙光、艳光等果实发育期60-90d的品种,由于其上市时间较为集中,价格较低,需进行更新换代。为此,从辽宁省果树科学研究所引进了促早1号和2号等优新品种,进行观察、筛选。     

园林草坪的建造与养护技术

园林草坪主要是指应用低矮、质优、扩展性强、质地纤细的植物作覆盖,并以它们大量的根、匍匐茎布满土表的地被.草坪是现代园林的一个重要组成部分,具有观赏、实用、改善生态环境等综合功能.     

Controlled vocabularies for plant anatomical parts optimized for use in data analysis tools and for cross-species studies

Background

It is generally accepted that controlled vocabularies are necessary to systematically integrate data from various sources. During the last decade, several plant ontologies have been developed, some of which are community specific or were developed for a particular purpose. In most cases, the practical application of these ontologies has been limited to systematically storing experimental data. Due to technical constraints, complex data structures and term redundancies, it has been difficult to apply them directly into analysis tools.

Results

Here, we describe a simplified and cross-species compatible set of controlled vocabularies for plant anatomy, focussing mainly on monocotypledonous and dicotyledonous crop and model plants. Their content was designed primarily for their direct use in graphical visualization tools. Specifically, we created annotation vocabularies that can be understood by non-specialists, are minimally redundant, simply structured, have low tree depth, and we tested them practically in the frame of Genevestigator.

Conclusions

The application of the proposed ontologies enabled the aggregation of data from hundreds of experiments to visualize gene expression across tissue types. It also facilitated the comparison of expression across species. The described controlled vocabularies are maintained by a dedicated curation team and are available upon request.

     

文冠果种子休眠解除方法研究

以文冠果种子为试材,设置10种不同催芽方法,包括水浴加热、不同浓度的H2_SO_4、KNO_3、PEG-6000等试剂处理文冠果种子,诱导发芽后调查种子的发芽率、活力、发芽势等发芽参数,并对不同催芽方法进行了比较分析,筛选适合文冠果种子快速解除休眠的方法。结果表明:80℃水浴加热、4%KNO_3溶液、5%PEG-6000溶液、GA_3溶液、2%KNO_3溶液、10%PEG-6000溶液、4℃蒸馏水浸种、50%H_2SO_4溶液处理,均可不同程度的提高文冠果种子的发芽率,而高浓度H_2SO_4溶液处理对文冠果种子发芽有抑制作用;文冠果种子经80℃水浴加热10min处理可使发芽率提高到55.83%,为未处理的9.3倍。     

Tables for calculating desired light flux densities for horticultural crops

Light emissions in lux from single incandescent lamps ranging from 60 to 200 watts were arranged in tables according to the lamp height above the ground. The method of calculating the desired lamp spacing to achieve a desired light intensity is illustrated. A table showing the reduced light emission due to various voltage drops is given along with precautions to avoid them.     

Guide for Authors

Bromeliad growers report severe leaf quality problems for Aechmea cultivars grown under commercial greenhouse conditions. In this research, a leaf damage ‘sensitive’ and ‘insensitive’ A. cultivar were compared for their C-metabolism and hydrophysiology under these greenhouse conditions. Stomata opening index indicated CAM (Crassulacean acid metabolism) for both cultivars, with 45–50% open stomata around 4:00 a.m. and 5–10% in the afternoon. Malic and citric acid were the major organic acids present in the leaves, with diurnal malic acid accumulation during the night. The leaf damage ‘sensitive’ cultivar showed higher malic acid accumulation than the ‘insensitive’ cultivar (200 μmol/gfw versus 170 μmol/gfw). Leaf osmotic potential and turgor pressure were linked with diurnal malic acid fluctuations: organic acid accumulation during the night generated high leaf turgor pressures (up to +0.86 MPa).A leaf damage sensitivity test was designed and confirmed previous experiences of several bromeliad growers. Both cultivars showed higher leaf damage percentages (98 and 78%) when leaf malic acid accumulation was high. We attribute this elevated sensitivity to lethal turgor pressures and consider them to be caused by the water capturing mechanism generated by high organic acid accumulation. Under current greenhouse conditions, this water capturing mechanism can be disastrous for plant leaf quality. Especially, under high relative humidity, hindering plant transpiration and stimulating water uptake by dew formation, leaf quality could be endangered.