精制马尾松花粉的营养和加工储藏技术

本文对马尾松花粉合理适时采摘，及时在常温35℃以下进行干燥，使含水量迅速下降为10％以下，经紫外线处理1～2小时达到灭菌控菌。经过加工处理的马尾松花粉，使之能储藏1～3年质量不变，与冰箱0～5℃储藏质量一样好。松花粉营养丰富，蛋白质含量较高，Fe、P、Mn、Ca、Zn含量多，Mg更为丰富，多种的营养成分，对人体健康有利，能促使体内元素平衡．马尾松花粉又是民间食疗珍品和传统中药材，因此，对加快开发马尾松花粉是有重大意义的。     

云南松花粉精粉及其加工产品的成分分析及评价

对以云南松破壁松花粉为原料，采用具创新性生物技术研制的云南松花粉脂揽的精粉，活性酶精粉，黄酮精粉，营养及活性物质精粉，以及用此4种精粉经加工而获得的亚油酸软胶囊，口服0＃胶囊，黄酮药片（胶囊），精粉口服液和松花粉酮酒5种产品的成分进行了分析，了解到它们相关成分的含量。分析结果表明，4种云南松花粉精粉具有速溶性好，营养及生物活性物质集中的特点，其主要营养及生物活性物质含量数倍于破壁松花粉。以其为原料加工的各项产品很好地保留了精粉的主要功能成分，因而对人体具有更高的保健，医疗功效。     

皂角种子营养成分的研究

对皂角种子的营养成分进行分析 ,结果表明 ,其种子含有丰富的营养物质 :氨基酸、矿质元素 ,含有丰富的脂肪油 (32 % ) ,其脂肪油中人体必需的脂肪酸亚油酸含量达 6 0 4 % ,皂角种子油具有开发利用价值。     

丰饶的资源 光彩的事业——松花粉采集与加工进展浅谈

马尾松、油松，是松科松属常绿针叶树种，松花粉是松树的雄性生殖细胞。其体态轻盈，又具有气囊结构，成熟松花粉可借风力和气流而传播，完成授粉、受精过程，属于风媒花粉一类。松花粉具有丰富而齐全的营养成分，人工采集后，经过科学加工可制成营养保健食品。近年来，松花粉系列产品已在我国形成新的营养保健食品产业并初具规模。     

大有开发前途的松林食品资源—松花粉

松花粉是松科植物马尾松的雄性孢子体,营养丰富,对人体无过敏和毒副作用。据报道,松花粉中含蛋白质21.85%,脂肪11.83%,游离氨基酸11.65%,还含有铁、铜、锌、锰、镍、铬、钴、锡、硒、钾、钙、     

同翅目几种食用昆虫记述及营养分析

本文首次记载了同翅目中的４种食用昆虫,包括２种暗类和２种介壳虫,对云南少数民族食用这几种昆虫的习俗进行了描述,并对其中３种食用昆地主要营养成分和评价。分析结果表明,３种食用昆虫都含有丰富的蛋白质和氨基酸,粗蛋白质含量都在５０％以上,还吸脂肪、微量元素和维生素等成分,具有很好的营养价值。     

新时代健康产业

国珍松花粉是选用生长于中国的特有树种马尾松和油松的花粉科学精制而成的食疗保健珍品(经中华人民共和国卫生部批准,卫食健字1997第529号)。产品含有最长寿生命体所需的全部营养成分,总量达200余种,可均衡补充人体营养,全面调理人体各个系统,提高人体免疫力,对人类健康极为有益。     

云南松花粉精粉及其加工产品的成分分析及评价

对以云南松破壁松花粉为原料 ,采用具创新性生物技术研制的云南松花粉脂提物精粉、活性酶精粉、黄酮精粉、营养及活性物质精粉 ,以及用此 4种精粉经加工而获得的亚油酸软胶囊、口服 0 #胶囊、黄酮药片 (胶囊 )、精粉口服液和松花粉酮酒 5种产品的成分进行了分析 ,了解到它们相关成分的含量。分析结果表明 ,4种云南松花粉精粉具有速溶性好、营养及生物活性物质集中的特点 ,其主要营养及生物活性物质含量数倍于破壁松花粉。以其为原料加工的各项产品很好地保留了精粉的主要功能成分 ,因而对人体具有更高的保健、医疗功效。     

半翅目常见食用昆虫与营养价值

食用半翅目昆虫的习谷古今中外都有记载。在云南省,汉族和少数民族都有食用蝽象的习俗,食用的蝽象有多种。云南常见的５种食用蝽象的营养成分分析结果表明：蝽象含有丰富的蛋白质、脂肪、氨基酸和微量元素等成分,平均粗蛋白的含量为５１．８４％,负子蝽的蛋白含量可高达７３．５２％;平均脂肪含量为３３．２１％,平均总糖含量为２．６１％;平均氨基酸总量为４５．６８％,其中：８种人体必需氨基酸的含量平均为１８．５２％,占氨基酸总的４０．５４％。５种食用蝽象还含有Ｋ、Ｎａ、Ｃａ等人体所需的微量元素,具有很高的营养价值。     

格木种子营养成分分析

探讨以格木(Erythrophleum fordii)种子为原料开发食用植物油和食品源的可能性。采用相关国家标准对广西产格木种子开展营养成分、氨基酸组成及含量、脂肪酸组成及含量、维生素和微量元素含量等进行检测。结果表明,格木种子蛋白质含量、脂肪含量及水分含量分别为:19.00、9.40 g/100 g和7.70 g/100 g;蛋白质中含有16种氨基酸,其中人体必须的氨基酸7种,占34.06%;脂肪中含有11种脂肪酸,其中人体必需的脂肪酸2种,占37.44%;含有V_E和钙、铁、锰、锌、铜等微量元素。研究表明,格木种子可以长期自然条件下贮藏,具有一定的食品源开发潜力。     

山地条件下油松花粉的传播及其对该地形中种子园的花粉侵染

1988～1989年在卢氏油松无性系种子园和人工油松林内外设立花粉采样点,观测花粉在不同山地类型的传播特点及对下风方向种子园侵染的危险性。结果表明:油松花粉传播受地形、散粉日期、风速、大气湿度等因素的影响。风速大、空气干燥,天气晴朗的日子,散粉速度快,传粉距离远,在开阔地、抬升地、对坡地形中,距离花粉源数百米甚至数千米地点的花粉浓度常高于花粉源的花粉浓度,对坡地形尤为显著。因而,在营建山地种子园时,至少应保持1000 m的隔离距离。本文还结合实验结果,对山地种子园的建立和管理提出了一些看法。     

DETERMINATION ABOUT THE NORTHWESTERN AREA LIMIT OF PINUS KORAIENSIS AND THE GEOGRAPHIC OCCURRENCE OF PINUS SIBIRICA

By investigation,studying and discussion for 9 years,the determination that it shouldbe Pinus sibirica growing in the Mohe county,Daxing'anling Mountains area,China,ratherthan pinus koraiensis there,is made to correct a false argument in some works from 1950s’till nowthat Pinus koraiensis area limit reach Daxing'anling Mountain.The results are as follows:(1)Thespecies so called as Pinus koraiensis found in northwest of Daxing'anling.Mountain is PinusSibirica indeed;There are no natural distribution of Pinus Koraiensis in Daxing'anling Mountain.Its northwest area limit only reach Shengshan,Aihui county;(3)There is about 500km of space be-tween the area limits of Pinus koraiensis and that of Pinus sibirica,no mixed growing area.Accord-ing to above,a sketch map is made to describe different area limit of the two species at Daxing'anl-ing Mountain and nearby.     

黄土高原美国黄松引种生长调查研究

在阐述世界和我国引种栽培美国黄松的基础上,着重阐述了黄土高原延安树木园引种栽培生长的突出表现。调查结果表明,美国黄松已在黄土高原引种成功,是一种很有前途的国外针叶树,可以扩大引种,繁殖推广。     

The pine reproductive process in temperate and tropical regions

Our knowledge of the pine reproductive process is confined to the developmental stages and time relations in a particular species. Lacking in the literature is a comparative analysis from a broader perspective such as pines from temperate versus tropical regions. Also, important information that may have beneficial implications for pine breeding and management purposes may be missed by going with a single generalized reproductive cycle model which is usually derived from well-studied northern temperate species. Detailed developmental analysis of the reproductive process is necessary, particularly for tropical pines where information is limited. Most pines undergo a reproductive cycle that spans three calendar years with two dormant periods. In temperate pines, many of the stages that are initiated by fall generally come to a halt during the winter and development resumes in spring of the following year. In tropical pines, reproductive development appears to be generally a continuous process characterized by a gradual rate of development with indistinct first dormant period. The distinct first dormant period in north temperate pines serves to synchronize pollen release and seed-cone receptivity which results in higher pollination success and seed production. Tropical pines exhibit asynchrony in pollen release and thus has extended pollination period. Relatively less pollen are available which results in lower pollination success and seed set. Interestingly, since asynchrony may enhance cross-pollination, tropical pines might benefit from this through the capture of genetic diversity. The length of the second dormant period is generally the same in temperate and tropical pines which indicates strong genetic control.     

油松幼龄林竞争指标的初步研究

通过对油松幼林１０种竞争指标的定性分析，将其划分为：林木个体与群体平均比率、树冠形状、营养空间利用状况三个类；讨论了各指标在营林生产中的实用意义。运用主分量分析，验证了分类的正确性，研究指出，相对胸径、投影比率、生长空间指数，是在林木竞争中起较大作用的指标。     

黄山松与马尾松基因渐渗的研究

渐渗是指一个种的遗传物质通过杂交与反复回交穿越种间障碍转入到另一个物种内的现象 ,又称渐渗杂交 (ＩｎｔｒｏｇｒｅｓｓｉｖｅＨｙｂｒｉｄｉｚａｔｉｏｎ) (Ａｎｄｅｒｓｏｎ ,1 95 3 )。松属是一个种间杂交比较容易的属。关于松属的种间杂交国内外已有不少报道。而关于黄山松与马尾松的自然杂交 ,却一直存有争议。黄山松分布于我国东部中亚热带高山 ,海拔 70 0ｍ以上。马尾松广布于我国亚热带地区。在长江下游地区 ,垂直分布于海拔 70 0ｍ以下 ,长江中上游地区 ,其垂直高度可达 1 2 0 0～ 1 5 0 0ｍ左右。在黄山松与马尾松共同分布地…     

油松针叶叶量的研究

对油松针叶的年龄结构、针叶量在树冠各轮枝中的分布、针叶叶量与树高、材积生长量的关系,以及修枝对针叶叶量和油松生长量的影响进行了研究,同时应用逐步回归分析方法,在树高、胸径、地径、树龄、冠幅、冠长、冠高比、轮枝数、松枝数、松枝总长度、树高生长量等11个因子中,筛选出与油松针叶叶量关系较密切的树高、胸径、冠幅、冠长、冠高比、松枝数、松枝总长度等7个因子,求出了估测油松针叶叶量的最优回归估测模型,并在林间对此模型进行了估测检验。     

过度修枝对油松生长及其抗虫性影响以及合理修枝探讨

油松幼林封山八年后,连续2-3年过度修枝(只留2轮枝)或过度修枝又失叶后,油松的光合强度、蒸腾强度、叶绿素含量及生长量都显著下降,针叶中可溶性糖、淀粉含量下降,脂肪与蛋白质含量反而增高,松毛虫食物的总热量增大,取食其针叶后,赤松毛虫幼虫体重增长率提高。合理修枝不仅能提高油松的光合强度与树势,还能增强抗虫性。研究还发现,油松第四轮枝的一年生针叶量与光合产物量最多,对增强树势与抗虫性极为重要,应予以重点保护,并据此提出了油松合理修枝的指标。     

Two-year development of southern pine seedlings and associated vegetation following spray-and-burn site preparation with imazapyr alone or in mixture with other herbicides

Eight herbicide combinations containing imazapyr alone or in mixture with glyphosate, triclopyr, or picloram+2,4-D were applied July–August 1991 at each of three upland sites in the southeastern U.S., with or without a subsequent broadcast burn in September. Seedlings of loblolly (Pinus taeda L.) or slash (P. elliottii Engelm. var. elliottii) pine were planted that winter. Second-year (August 1993) vegetation responses indicate that broadcast burning, in combination with herbicides, was associated with increased abundances of grasses, forbs, and shrubs and decreased abundances of vines and hardwood trees. In the presence of burning, imazapyr-in-mixture treatments were associated with a high abundance of grass (53% cover) and a mean size of pines less than that of seedlings growing in imazapyr-alone treatments. In the absence of burning, imazapyr-alone treatments were associated with a high abundance of blackberry (21% cover), an average height of hardwoods (131 cm) exceeding that of pines (71 cm), and a mean size of pines less than that of trees growing in imazapyr-in-mixture treatments. Hardwood height in the absence of burning was less when imazapyr was combined with glyphosate (75 cm) than with triclopyr (102 cm). Regardless of the presence or absence of burning, size of pines and abundance of shrubs and hardwoods did not differ between imazapyr rates of 0.56 and 0.84 kg acid equivalent/ha or among herbicides applied in mixture with imazapyr.     

四川松树6种散斑壳菌记述

松落针病是四川省松林中的一类重要病害，可危害多种松树，造成严重损失。该文报道了四川松树上的6种散斑壳茵：Lophodermium conigenum(Brunaud)Hilitz．，L．pinastri(Schrad．)Chev．，L．sichuanense Qiu et Liu，L．indianum Singh et Minter，L．australe Dearn，L．sp(待定新种)，并对其主要特征作了记述。