不同冷冻温度对陶赛特肉羊冻后精子活力的影响

采集2只陶赛特肉羊的精液在不同冷冻温度下制作冻精,研究不同冷冻温度对其精子的冻后活力的影响。结果表明：在-105±5℃--135±5℃的温度下制作的冻精,解冻后的精子活力和精子复苏率非常显著地高于在-75±5℃～-105±5℃的温度下制作的冻精（P〈0．01）;比在其他2种区间的温度冷冻下、解冻后的精子活力也好,差异显著（P〈0．05）。     

始冻温度和解冻温度对犬冻后精子活率的影响

本试验以Tris－葡萄糖稀释液为基础稀释液，就冷冻起始温度和解冻温度对犬精子冻后活率的影响进行了研究。试验结果表明：始冻温度为－70℃时冻后精子活率最高，达0．6284±0．0408，明显优于始冻温度为－65℃和－75℃时的冻后精子活率（P〈0．05）；解冻温度为70℃时冻后精子活率最好，达0．6810±0．0324，明显优于60℃和65℃时的冻后精子活率（P〈0．05）。     

牛冻、鲜精子差异蛋白的双向电泳和质谱鉴定的初步研究

采用适合于精子裂解的热Trizol法制备牛精子全蛋白质,应用线性固相IPG胶条（pH 3～7、24 cm）进行精子全蛋白2-DE电泳,在冻精和鲜精蛋白图谱中分别检测到839±34个蛋白点和564±16个蛋白点,经差异比较和显著性检验,在冻、鲜精子中共得到19个具有显著差异的蛋白点,在冻精中表达上调的蛋白点有9个,表达下调的蛋白点有1个,只在冻精中表达的蛋白点有9个。经过酶解和质谱鉴定,获得了3个差异蛋白点的质谱信息,生物信息学分析结果发现,这3个差异点分别为中性鞘磷脂酶激活结合因子（FAN）、谷胱甘肽S转移酶（GST-Mu5）及锌离子结合细胞色素氧化酶,分别与细胞应激和凋亡有关。推测认为,这3种与细胞应激反应及凋亡相关的蛋白在冻精中显著增高可能与精子冷冻损伤有关。     

青海地区不同冷冻温度对不同年龄野血牦牛精子活力的影响

不同冷冻温度对野血牦牛精子的冻后活力有一定的影响,笔者对12头不同龄野血牦牛的精液采用不同温度冷冻后进行了活力比较。得出：野血牦牛精液的最佳冷冻温度为-90±5 - -135±5℃,在此温度区域内随着年龄的增加所需冷冻温度有降低趋势。     

貉按摩法采精技术的研究

试验成功地进行了貉按摩法采精与精液评定,并初步建立了貉按摩法采精技术。采精成功率为27．9％,每次平均射精量为（0．29±0．18）mL,pH值为6．64±0．19,密度为（0．99±0．83）×10^8个／mL,活力为0．81±0．71,畸形率为16．41％±2．20％,活精子率为85．11％±8．30％。     

天山马鹿细管冻精的制备和应用

选择16头天山马鹿种公鹿电刺激采精,通过探讨不同稀释液和甘油浓度等条件对精液冷冻处理的影响,拟建立一种天山马鹿精液冷冻的方法,并对冷冻精液品质和人工授精效果进行评定。结果表明:天山马鹿对电刺激采精有耐受性,麻醉保定的采精频率每周2次最佳,10月中旬精液品质最好;6%甘油的稀释液冷冻效果最优;细管冻精活率(48.14±13.15)%,顶体完整率(56.34±14.84)%;诱导同期发情和自然发情人工授精情期产羔率分别达到50.80%和78.50%。     

青海牦牛和藏羊冷冻精液顶体完整率研究

为了研究牦牛、藏羊离体精子遭受低温打击和冷冻伤害差异,试验对牦牛、藏羊的鲜精采用最佳的冷冻程序进行细管冻精,比较其鲜精及冻后精子顶体完整率差异,并分析冻后精子顶体完整率降低的原因。结果表明:牦牛的冻精顶体完整率显著低于藏羊的(P0.05)。牦牛精子冷冻后,精子顶体完整率为53.92%,较鲜精精子顶体完整率降低30.90个百分点;藏羊精子冷冻后,精子顶体完整率为84.93%,较鲜精精子顶体完整率降低8.53个百分点。牦牛离体精子抗低温打击和冷冻伤害能力显著低于藏羊。     

奶山羊鲜精与冻精的超显微结构

本所自1984～1986年,分别获得53％、58％和64％的山羊冻精情期受胎率的好结果。前人报道用光镜或电镜对绵羊精子的观察,普遍认为由于冷冻影响精子结构而导致受胎率低,而对山羊这方面的工作至今尚未见报道。本试验用电镜对奶山羊鲜精和冻精进行了超微结构观察。     

波尔山羊冷冻精液制作技术

绵阳家畜冷冻精液站于 1999年 1月引进波尔种公山羊 5只 ,用以改良该市现存山羊品种。经过 1年多冻精制作工艺技术攻关研究 ,解决了波尔山羊冷冻精液复苏率低、抗冻性差等技术难题 ,成功研制出优质波尔山羊冻精 ,活力达 0 3 5～ 0 4级 ,达到国家标准。经该市梓潼、三台 2县冷配试点实地观察 ,配种率较高 ,效果明显。在全省推广取得满意效果。1　材料和方法1 1　试验动物和时间选择波尔种公羊 4只 (14 1# ,2 71# ,14 # ,2 69# ) ,年龄1 5～ 2岁 ,健康无病。试验时间 1999年 11月～ 2 0 0 0年 11月。1 2　鲜精采集与制作冻精冻前质量检查原…     

冷冻保存对公猪精子功能的影响

试验旨在探究公猪精液冷冻保存对其精子功能的影响。取长白猪的鲜精和优质冻精,用精子分析仪检测精子的运动能力,台盼蓝染色检测精子活率,体外受精（IVF）试验检测卵裂率与囊胚率,采用不同功能检测试剂盒检测冻精和鲜精的顶体完整率、线粒体膜通道孔（MPTP）活性、线粒体膜电位（MMP）、线粒体活性、线粒体氧化应激活性氧（ROS）以及精子DNA完整性,实时荧光定量PCR检测弱精子症相关蛋白基因SMCP、TEKT3、DNAH1、TCTE3的表达。结果表明,与猪鲜精相比,猪冻精的活率及活力均显著降低（P<0.05）,冻精的顶体完整率也明显下降（P<0.05）;冻精的卵裂率和囊胚率显著低于鲜精（P<0.05）;精子线粒体功能分析结果显示,冻精的MPTP相对荧光单位值（RFU）、线粒体膜电位荧光比率以及线粒体活性光密度（OD）值均显著低于鲜精（P<0.05）;精子线粒体ROS检测发现,冻精的RFU值显著高于鲜精（P<0.05）;精子DNA完整性检测结果显示,冻精拖尾率显著高于鲜精（P<0.05）;而弱精子症相关蛋白基因的表达与鲜精相比,差异不显著（P>0.05）。综上所述,冷冻导致猪精子活率、活力、线粒体功能、DNA完整性下降,最终使得冷冻精液精子的受精能力降低。     

The influence of the width of the saddle tree on the forces and the pressure distribution under the saddle

As there is no statistical evidence that saddle fit influences the load exerted on a horse's back, this study was performed to assess the hypothesis that the width of the tree significantly alters the pressure distribution on the back beneath the saddle. Nineteen sound horses were ridden at walk and trot on a treadmill with three saddles differing only in tree width. Kinetic data were recorded by a sensor mat. A minimum of 14 motion cycles were used in each trial. The saddles were classified into four groups depending on fit. For each horse, the saddle with the lowest overall force (LOF) was determined. Saddles were classified as "too-narrow" if they were one size (2 cm) narrower than the LOF saddle, and "too-wide" if they were one size (2 cm) wider than the LOF saddle. Saddles two sizes wider than LOF saddles were classified as "very-wide". In the group of narrow saddles, the pressure in the caudal third (walk 0.63 N/cm(2)+/-0.10; trot 1.08 N/cm(2)+/-0.26) was significantly higher compared to the LOF saddles (walk 0.50 N/cm(2)+/-0.09; trot 0.86 N/cm(2)+/-0.28). In the middle transversal third, the pressure of the wide saddles (walk 0.73 N/cm(2)+/-0.06; trot 1.52 N/cm(2)+/-0.19) and very-wide saddles (walk 0.77 N/cm(2)+/-0.06; trot 1.57 N/cm(2)+/-0.19) was significantly higher compared to LOF saddles (walk 0.65 N/cm(2)+/-0.10/ 0.63 N/cm(2)+/-0.11; trot 1.33 N/cm(2)+/-0.22/1.27 N/cm(2)+/-0.20). This study demonstrates that the load under poorly fitting saddles is distributed over a smaller area than under properly fitting saddles, leading to potentially harmful pressures peaks.     

Monitoring of the mare during the perinatal period at the clinic and in the stable

Complications in late gestation are challenging problems for the equine clinician and are causes of considerable distress to owners. Health problems in a pregnant mare in each stage of gestation can adversely affect the pregnancy. It is important to obtain a thorough history and perform a detailed and systematic examination of the pregnant mare so that the mare may be classified as normal or high-risk. However, even after a thorough examination, practitioners may face problems with the interpretation and assessment of risk. Normal mares should foal in the stable or pasture. Mares classified as having a high-risk pregnancy need to be monitored precisely for signs of oncoming foaling with attendance of trained personnel when labour begins. A valuable method for monitoring of the high-risk mare is assessing fetoplacental well-being. Fetoplacental well-being is most accurately assessed with ultrasonography as well as several available hormone profiles. We are proposing our scoring system of the mare's health, which may be useful in the assessment of risk during pregnancy and help clinicians to decide whether sending the mare to the clinic is reasonable or unnecessary.     

中国饲料工业协会第五届理事会顾问、会长、常务副会长、副会长、秘书长、副秘书长、常务理事、理事名单

顾问刘中一张德邻宋瑞祥聂振邦张子仪戎易王维四会长白美清国务院原副秘书长、第四届理事会会长常务副会长(8人,以姓氏笔划为序)刘永好新希望集团董事长、第四届理事会副会长刘汉元通威股份有限公司董事长、第四届理事会副会长陈丹广东恒兴集团股份有限公司董事长、第四届理事会副会长张延喜农业部原副部长、第四届理事会副会长吴明夏湖南正虹科技发展股份有限公司董事长、第四届理事会副会长陶一山唐人神集团股份有限公司董事长、第四届理事会副会长温鹏程广东温氏食品集团有限公司董事长、第四届理事会副会长谭竹洲原化学工业部副部长、第…     

Harnessing the genetic toolbox for the benefit of the racing Thoroughbred

The understanding and application of genetics have grown extremely quickly since it has become possible to sequence the whole genome of an organism. The human genome sequence was completed in 2001 and that of the horse in 2007. The significance of this is that it makes it more feasible to explain how both genetically simple and complex traits are transmitted from one generation to the next and, therefore, to make informed breeding decisions, modify how horses are managed and trained to minimise the risk of disease and injury, and improve methods of prevention, diagnosis and treatment of many conditions. The science of genetics/genomics will continue to grow internationally, limited only by the funds available. The application of the science to man, horses and other species raises very complex moral and commercial issues. Thoroughbred breeders are perceived by some as resistant to change, but their apparent intransigence is often based on a genuine concern for the integrity of the breed. By taking control of the application of the advances in genetics, the Thoroughbred industry potentially has the opportunity to improve both the health and performance of Thoroughbreds. If, however, the science is applied in an uncoordinated manner, driven by commercial interests with no underlying concern for the horses themselves, there is a very real risk that breeders, the Thoroughbred breed and individual horses will all suffer as a consequence.     

商品猪胴体性能对分割销售后效益的影响

试验以深圳某集团销售外三元商品猪为研究对象,分析了商品猪不同胴体性能对分割销售效益的影响.结果表明,销售完成率与胴体背膘厚呈正相关,不同背膘厚的销售完成率差异极显著(P<0.01);销售完成率与胴体重呈正相关,不同胴体重的销售完成率差异显著(P<0.05);销售毛利率与胴体背膘厚呈正相关,不同背膘厚的销售毛利率差异极显...     

鸡胆囊交感节后神经元的定位研究

为了找出支配鸡胆囊交感节后神经元的分布规律,选用体重1.5 kg～2.5 kg的成年母鸡6只,将CT-HRP溶液注入胆囊壁,动物存活3 d～4 d后,经左心室灌流固定,取内脏神经节、肾上腺神经节以及双侧胸、腰和荐段交感干神经节,制成50 μm的连续冰冻切片,TMB法呈色反应,置明视野显微镜下观片统计.结果发现,支配鸡胆囊的交感传出神经元胞体位于内脏神经节(占41.1%)、肾上腺神经节(占40.5%)和T2～T7交感干神经节(占18.4%),在交感干神经节中标记细胞的峰值位于T5、T6交感干神经节.所有的标记细胞以位于右侧的占优势.     

犊牛腹泻与肠道菌群的变化

本文检测腹泻犊牛的直肠内8种主要正常菌群的变化,并与健康犊牛进行对比。结果发现,犊牛腹泻时,大肠杆菌、双岐杆菌和乳杆菌变化较大,而其它菌群变化较小。腹泻或将腹泻时,大肠杆菌数增加,双岐杆菌和乳杆菌数下降。腹泻康复或即将康复时,大肠杆菌减少,双岐杆菌、乳杆菌数增加。     

陕北白绒山羊繁育中心羊场绒山羊日粮的评价

试验选择陕北白绒山羊繁育中心羊场的成年健康母羊（怀孕前期）16只,育成母羊13只,育成公羊13只,空腹称重。测定每只羊1d的采食量,计算其摄入的营养成分含量,并与原苏联绒用山羊饲养标准比较,进行饲养水平评价。结果显示,与饲养标准比较,陕北白绒山羊繁育中心羊场的育成母羊代谢能高2．68MJ,粗蛋白低59．29g,钙低3．00g,磷低1．52g;育成公羊代谢能高3．47MJ,粗蛋白低81．92g,钙低4．42g,磷低2．62g;成年母羊代谢能高2．51MJ,粗蛋白低91．33g,钙低3．09g,磷低1．93g。结合羊的体况综合评价饲养水平基本合理,但尚需要按饲养标准增加粗蛋白、钙、磷等营养物质的供给量。     

猪獾全身骨骼的观测

对致死后的野生雄性猪獾作全身骨骼系统观察测定，共拍摄照片6幅，查明猪獾全身共有252共骨头，另有4块喉软骨，长约4．3cm，略弯圆柱状阴茎骨，16对肋软骨，上下各1对犬齿，较发达，分别长1．4cm,1.3cm，发现猪獾善于穴居或栖居，行动迟缓的骨骼特征：（1）胸椎发达，颈椎，腰椎较发达；（2）胸骨的前端愈合完全，后端膨大突出：（3）前肢短，有29．5cm，后肢长，有33．4cm，均有强大锐利的脚爪；（4）尾椎较长，全长16．9cm。