高校多层宿舍人员疏散时间影响因素研究

为了减少带有电梯的高校多层宿舍人员疏散时间，以某高校宿舍楼为研究对象，建立疏散仿真模型，分析了障碍物、安全出口、人员密度与电梯协同疏散策略对疏散时间的影响，给出了人员疏散控制措施建议。研究结果表明：障碍物会严重影响安全疏散效率，增设出口可大幅度减少疏散时间；人员疏散时间随着高层人员居住密度的降低而降低，在满足居住要求的情况下，应尽可能减少高层人员的居住密度；电梯耦合楼梯协同疏散的过程中，设置合理的电梯最佳停靠层可以减少疏散时间，案例中的最佳停靠层为4层。经优化设计，考虑多因素共同作用下的疏散时间为416.6 s,满足规范要求。     

辉南县抚民镇林业站

<正>抚民镇林业站现有工作人员9人,其中在编7人。林场抽调人员1人,护林员1人。其中:工程师2人,助理工程师2人,高级工3人。建成后的标准化站所为两层建筑,一楼结构为办证服务大厅、防火值班室等,其中,办证服务大厅面积为43平方米,内设林政办公室,     

Weyerhaeuser（惠好）公司资助建筑的环境影响评估

美国：惠好公司资助Athena Institute International6万美元，改进其ATHENA（R）建筑的环境影响评估软件。10多年来，Athena Institute一直致力于帮助建筑师和工程师及其他有关人员用生命周期方法（1ifecycl eassessment（LCA）methodology）估计工商业建筑、     

木结构公共建筑河北省建筑科技研发中心

河北省建筑科技研发中心位于河北省石家庄市,是河北省住房和城乡建设厅与加拿大不列颠哥伦比亚省林业厅及加拿大木业协会的合作项目.项目内容主要展示并推广现代木结构建筑体系.项目包括一栋1+3形式的住宿楼,即一层为混凝土结构,二至四层为木结构.一栋1+1形式的礼堂,即一层为混凝土结构,二层为木结构.还有一栋也是1+1结构的大厅楼.该项目的总建筑面积为5 500 m2,其中木结构建筑面积占3 600 m2.     

用EXCEL计算供暖热负荷

利用Microsoft EXCEI软件在重复计算方面的优势,对6层以下及6层以上建筑的热负荷分别进行了计算,实际使用效果良好.     

翠云亭与鸿鹄楼的园林意境

翠云亭与鸿鹄楼是座落在广州麓湖北畔大鸿鹄山上的一组建筑,于1987年间同时落成,现两者组成的建筑景点成为麓湖公园的一个明显的标志。翠云亭为两层的中国式建筑,也是钢筋混凝土框架结构,亭的占地面积为110平方米,总建筑面积达130平方米,其顶点高度有12米,按照规划、组景设计构思,因循地形、山势把亭的建筑位置选在距鸿鹄楼不远的地方,以满足园林对景、衬景     

地铁站火灾烟气运动及控制方法研究

地铁建设是缓解城市交通压力、节约城市土地资源的有效手段，但同时也给消防工作带来了一定的挑战。地铁站属于人员密集场所，可燃物种类多、随机因素复杂，一旦发生火灾，人员疏散难度大，故开展地铁站火灾研究非常重要。通过数值模拟软件，选取典型火灾场景下的工况进行计算，分析屏蔽门及扶梯开口处的风速对火灾烟气的影响，为地铁防火工作提供参考。     

甘谷地区农村住宅现状及围护结构节能建议

在我国新农村建设的背景下,农村住宅的保温节能迫在眉睫.住宅超过60％的采暖能耗是由围护结构热传导消耗的,所以提高围护结构保温性对于降低建筑能耗有着重要意义.依据甘谷地区既有的建筑特色,对外墙体、屋顶等围护结构采用不同的保温方案,用DeST-h耗能软件对不同方案下的围护结构进行保温性能的研究,分析了建筑能耗情况,提出适合...     

校园火灾疏散特性分析与研究

校园火灾事故的经验教训表明，学生安全疏散，尤其是中小学生安全疏散是决定火灾事故后果严重性的重要因素之一。为了进一步完善国内校园安全疏散研究数据，设计了校园火灾疏散特性参数试验，以某小学为试验对象，得到楼梯出口单位流量、人员密度随着时间的变化规律，且出口单位流量具有随机特性。试验得到的这些特性参数可以为人员数值模型提供参考，以期得到更精确的疏散模型。     

基于Climate Consultant的现代民居被动式优化策略分析——以豫北地区为例

为改善豫北地区现代民居室内热环境状况,提高民居气候适应能力。采用Climate Consultant软件分析豫北地区的气候数据,得出了适用于该地区的被动式建筑策略组合及各策略有效时间比。结合冬夏两季现代民居室内外的热环境实测数据,针对夏季炎热和冬季寒冷问题分别提出了被动式优化策略：民居功能分区设计采用“向心性”的空间布局、冬季在一层檐廊处增设阳光间、改善围护结构保温隔热设计;夏季疏通建筑自然通风的路径、增设遮阳设施、改善庭院绿化。通过以上适宜性被动式优化策略,提高现代民居室内热舒适性,为豫北地区现代民居的建设和改造提供了重要的理论依据和有价值的参考。     

底框-抗震墙结构设计中应注意的几个问题

商住多层建筑近年来在城市中很常见,即将一层做商场、车库,然后在其上建造住宅或写字楼等建筑。此种结构形式实际计算属下柔上刚,对抗震极为不利。本文叙述了底框一抗震墙在设计时应注意的几个问题。     

竹木复合板与竹木复合层积材的抗弯性能

采用成熟的竹木复合集装箱底板制造工艺,根据不同的组坯方式,用竹帘及杨木单板压制成竹木复合板和竹木复合层积材。该工艺的创新点在于只将杨木单板浸胶,而竹帘直接干燥铺装,以减少人工操作对竹帘的破坏。通过研究两种板的抗弯性能,发现其顺向抗弯性能非常好,可将其分别作为集装箱底板和建筑结构用材。此外,针对竹木复合板性能不稳定的问题提出了改进方案。     

微机室木塑地板设计研究

本文从微机室地板的主要形式、静电防护和地板材料的性质等几个方面介绍了微机室地板的设计要求;阐述了用于微机室的木塑活动地板的安装方式、静电防护措施和阻燃防腐方法,为微机室木塑地板的设计提供依据.     

干栏民居新型原竹承重楼板技术研究与实践

篾笆楼面板是传统干栏民居广泛采用的楼面技术,存在刚度低、不防火、隔音差等缺点,严重影响干栏民居的安全性和舒适性。为克服篾笆楼面板的缺陷,提出了一种新型原竹承重楼板技术,利用原竹天然具有的优良物理力学特性,密排铺设在楼面格栅上,具有很好的承载能力,在原竹表面铺设防潮层,用纤维增强黏土做找平层,方便多种现代楼面装饰做法。该技术已经成功运用于示范项目建设,该技术的推广应用,不但可以显著提高干栏民居的安全和舒适水平,还有助于减少木材、水泥、钢材等建筑材料的消耗,有良好的社会、环境和生态效益。     

基于实验模态分析理论的木／竹复合板物理参数识别试验研究

基于实验模态分析(EMA)理论,利用脉冲激励试验和CRAS V5.1分析软件得出木/竹复合客车底板的物理参数,为木/竹复合客车底板的动态设计和动力特性改进提供依据.     

Modelling impact sound reduction in floating wood floors

Abstract

The transmission of footfall-excited impact sound is commonly reduced using floating wood floors. These constructions contain three layers: a load-bearing wood floor, a resilient material and a floating wood slab. For wood construction excited by transient load (e.g. footsteps), sound reduction estimations may contain uncertainties due to inadequate modelling of footsteps and floor components. This paper presents a multiple degree-of-freedom system model using Working Model 2D® (WM2D). The model includes orthotropic behavior of wood and equivalent spring stiffness determination of the resilient layer. Sound reduction is determined and it is shown that larger reductions are possible through the inclusion of floating wood slabs in the load-bearing floor.     

Harvest impacts on soil carbon storage in temperate forests

Forest soil carbon (C) storage is a significant component of the global C cycle, and is important for sustaining forest productivity. Although forest management may have substantial impacts on soil C storage, experimental data from forest harvesting studies have not been synthesized recently. To quantify the effects of harvesting on soil C, and to identify sources of variation in soil C responses to harvest, we used meta-analysis to test a database of 432 soil C response ratios drawn from temperate forest harvest studies around the world. Harvesting reduced soil C by an average of 8 ± 3% (95% CI), although numerous sources of variation mediated this significant, overall effect. In particular, we found that C concentrations and C pool sizes responded differently to harvesting, and forest floors were more likely to lose C than mineral soils. Harvesting caused forest floor C storage to decline by a remarkably consistent 30 ± 6%, but losses were significantly smaller in coniferous/mixed stands (−20%) than hardwoods (−36%). Mineral soils showed no significant, overall change in C storage due to harvest, and variation among mineral soils was best explained by soil taxonomy. Alfisols and Spodosols exhibited no significant changes, and Inceptisols and Ultisols lost mineral soil C (−13% and −7%, respectively). However, these C losses were neither permanent nor unavoidable. Controls on variation within orders were not consistent, but included species composition, time, and sampling depth. Temporal patterns and soil C budgets suggest that forest floor C losses probably have a lesser impact on total soil C storage on Alfisols, Inceptisols, and Ultisols than on Spodosols, which store proportionately large amounts of C in forest floors with long C recovery times (50–70 years). Mineral soil C losses on Inceptisols and Ultisols indicate that these orders are vulnerable to significant harvest-induced changes in total soil C storage, but alternative residue management and site preparation techniques, and the passage of time, may mitigate or negate these losses. Key findings of this analysis, including the dependence of forest floor and mineral soil C storage changes on species composition and soil taxonomic order, suggest that further primary research may make it possible to create predictive maps of forest harvesting effects on soil C storage.     

防霉抗菌软木地板的制备与性能研究

为了制备具有防霉抗菌功能的环保型软木地板，在水性涂料面漆中加入纳米银抗菌剂和二氧化钛载银抗菌剂，分析抗菌剂类型和添加量对地板性能的影响。结果表明：抗菌剂的加入对软木地板的物理性能无明显影响，但可以有效提高其抗菌性能，且对金黄色葡萄球菌的抑制效果显著优于大肠杆菌；软木本身具有一定的防霉作用，纳米银抗菌剂和二氧化钛载银抗菌剂防霉作用较弱，可通过加入少量防霉剂提高软木地板防霉性。     

Effective lateral resistance of timber–plywood–timber joints connected with nails

In this study, an experimental study was conducted on the nailed timber–plywood–timber joints extended from the standard wall–floor joints of wooden light frame constructions, where the bottom plates of shear walls are nailed to the floors consisting of joists and floor sheathings nailed to them. The principal conclusions are as follows: The allowable lateral resistance of the nailed timber–plywood–timber joints can roundly be estimated by neglecting the plywood panels if their densities are higher than those of the timber main-members and they are fastened effectively onto the timber main-members. The stiffness of the timber–plywood–timber joints is less than that of the control timber–timber joints, which is improved by increasing the number of nails used to fasten the plywood panels onto the timber main-members. The stiffness of the joints whose floor sheathings are glued onto the joists is equivalent to the control timber–timber joints. The timber–plywood–timber joints with appropriate specifications have greater energy capacity until the failure than that of the control timber–timber joints. This ensures their energy capacity, which is important in dynamic resistance, to be equivalent to the control timber–timber joints.     

MB402E四面刨床的数控化改造设计

根据竹地板加工工艺对四面刨床的要求，对MB402E普通四面刨床的刨切、开榫等关键性工艺实施数控化改造，使普通四面刨实现了自动调刀、自动加工等功能。通过设计的加工控制程序，完成控制系统的安装和调试，并研制和开发了竹地板公差检测系统。现场加工示范表明：所采用的数控系统结构简单、造价较低、维护调试方便，特别适合于目前国产设备的数控化改造，具有一定的推广价值。