弹性蛋白酶基因(PAE)的克隆及在毕赤酵母中的表达

以1株产弹性蛋白酶的铜绿假单胞菌(Pseudomonas aeruginosa)基因组DNA为模板,经PCR扩增得到的铜绿假单胞菌弹性蛋白酶(P.acruginosa elastase,PAE)基因,与GenBank中的序列对比发现同源性为99%.成功地构建了重组表达载体pPIC3.5K/PAE,莺组质粒Sac Ⅰ线性化后转化毕赤酵母(Pichia pastoris)菌株KM71中,通过PCR和表型鉴定表明,PAE基因已经整合到毕赤酵母染色体上.经大量筛选获得48株含高拷贝的重组毕赤酵母转化子.在甲醇诱导下,经过毕赤酵母高密度发酵进行PAE的表达,经SDS-PAGE分析.结果表明,在培养基上清中含有一明显特异性蛋白条带,大小为34kD.活性检测结果,酶活为1 060 U/mL,是出发菌株的26倍.     

苏云金芽胞杆菌N-酰基高丝氨酸内酯酶基因(aiiA)在毕赤酵母中的优化表达

苏云金芽胞杆菌(Bacillus thuringiensis)N-酰基高丝氨酸内酯酶基因(auto inducer inactivation A,aiiA)编码的N-酰基高丝氨酸内酯酶(N-acylhomoserine lactonase,AiiA)能够水解植物病原菌群体效应的信号分子N-酰基高丝氨酸内酯(N-acylhomoserine lactone,AHL),进而使革兰氏阴性细菌群体感应受到抑制,减弱病原菌的致病性。本研究将aiiA基因连接至分泌型穿梭表达载体pPICZαB,获得重组表达质粒p PICZαB-aiiA,线性化后电击转化毕赤酵母(Pichia pastoris)GS115,获得重组工程菌GS115-p PICZαBaiiA。利用定点突变技术,对aiiA基因进行密码子优化,获得重组工程菌GS115-p PICZαB-MaiiA。以终浓度为1%的甲醇、28℃条件下诱导表达,重组工程菌GS115-p PICZαB-aiiA和GS115-p PICZαB-MaiiA均成功表达并分泌出AiiA蛋白。抗病性分析表明,分泌表达的AiiA蛋白能有效抑制胡萝卜软腐欧文氏杆菌(Erwinia carotovora)的致病性。AiiA蛋白在毕赤酵母中的分泌表达,拓宽了AiiA蛋白的获取途径,为AiiA蛋白的产业化提供理论依据。密码子优化为今后改造AiiA蛋白,提高AiiA蛋白的表达效率提供了新的思路。     

疏绵状嗜热丝孢菌糖化酶基因（gla）的克隆及在毕赤酵母中的表达

本研究以疏绵状嗜热丝孢菌(Thermomyces laltltginosus)cDNA为模板,克隆了糖化酶基因(gla),序列分析表明gla的开放阅读框由1854个核苷酸组成,编码617个氨基酸.根据氨基酸序列推算该酶的分子量为64 kD,属于糖苷水解酶第15家族,具有该家族催化保守区的典型特征.PCR扩增gla的成熟蛋白编码基因,构建表达载体,经线性化后电击转化导入巴斯德毕赤酵母(Pichia pastoris GS115),并成功进行了表达.重组酶经摇瓶发酵后酶活可达11.6 U/mL,经硫酸铵沉淀、DEAE-Sepharose Fast Flow阴离子交换等步骤纯化了该重组蛋白,SDS-PAGE显示该重组蛋白大小约为67kD,比推测的蛋白分子量稍大,可能与该蛋白的糖基化有关.该重组酶的最适反应温度和最适pH值分别为60℃和5.0,该酶具有较高的热稳定性,70℃保温20 min后剩余酶活为54%.     

Expression and characterization of sweet potato invertase in Pichia pastoris

An invertase cDNA (Ibbetafruct1) was cloned from sweet potato leaves and characterized. The deduced amino acid sequence of the Ibbetafruct1-encoded protein was closely related to vacuolar invertases and included the WECVD catalytic domain characteristic of them. An expression plasmid containing the coding region of Ibbetafruct1 under the control of the alcohol oxidase promoter was used to transform the methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris. The biochemical properties for the expressed recombinant enzyme, which was determined to be the acid beta-fructofuranosidase with an acidic pI value (5.1), were similar to those of vacuolar invertases purified from sweet potato. Periodic acid/Schiff staining and Con A-Sepharose gel-binding experiments revealed the recombinant invertase to be a glycoprotein containing glucose and/or mannose residues. Furthermore, the carbohydrate moiety appears to be a key determinant of the enzyme's sucrose hydrolysis activity, substrate affinity, and thermal stability.     

α-半乳糖苷酶基因Mell在毕赤酵母中的组成型表达

用PCR方法从酵母（Saccharomyces cerevisiae）AH109中扩增出α-半乳糖苷酶的Mell基因,将其克隆至整合型载体pGAPZαA中构建成组成型分泌表达酶产物的重组质粒pGAPZα-Mell.将线性化的重组质粒pGAPZα-Mell电击转化至毕赤酵母（Pichia pastoris）KM71,在含有100 mg/mL zeocin和预先涂布有X-α-gal的YPDS平板上选择蓝色阳性菌落.发酵培养酵母的上清经SDS-PAGE分析,在53 kD处有特异带;经非变性PAGE凝胶电泳,与显色底物的反应,检测到α-半乳糖苷酶活性带.重组菌pGAPZα-Mell/KM71摇瓶发酵6 d后,培养液α-半乳糖苷酶粗酶活性为12 U/mL.     

斑点叉尾鮰铁调素成熟肽在毕赤酵母中的表达及其抑菌活性

铁调素(hepcidin)是一种在动物肝脏中特异表达的碱性小分子抗菌肽,在机体免疫系统中发挥重要作用,被认为是抗生素的理想替代品。本研究根据毕赤酵母(Pichia pastoris)偏爱性密码子人工合成斑点叉尾鮰(Ictalurus punctatus)hepcidin成熟肽基因(mCH)。通过PCR方法在mCH的5’端和3’端分别引入EcoRⅠ和NotⅠ酶切位点,扩增到的目的片段与表达载体p PIC9K连接构建重组表达载体p PIC9K-mCH后,转化至毕赤酵母GS115细胞;以不同浓度梯度的G418筛选高拷贝转化子,1.0%甲醇、30℃、pH6.0诱导表达72 h,获得重组体mCH。结果显示,斑点叉尾鮰hepcidin成熟肽区域含25个残基,8个保守的半胱氨酸残基位于成熟肽的羧基端,表明该区域对hepcidin的抗菌活性具有重要作用。Tricine-SDS-PAGE分析显示,分泌表达的重组体mCH的分子量约为3 800D,通过阳离子交换层析获得纯化的mCH。抑菌实验表明,重组体抗菌肽mCH对金黄色葡萄球菌(Staphylococcus aureus)和大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli)有抑菌活性。本研究首次实现了斑点叉尾鮰hepcidin成熟肽在毕赤酵母中的重组DNA表达,为其产业化制备提供了重要的基础资料。     

拟南芥Alpha-dioxygenase2(AtDOX2)在毕赤酵母中的表达、纯化及活性鉴定

为了获得具有生物活性的拟南芥(Arabidopsis thaliana)alpha-dioxygenase2(AtDOX2),将其对应基因AtDOX2编码区克隆到酵母表达载体pPIC9k中,获得重组表达载体pPIC9k-AtDOX2,将线性化的重组载体电击转化入毕赤酵母(Pichia pastoris)表达菌株GS115,经G418筛选、PCR鉴定和甲醇诱导时间优化,获得重组AtDOX2的高效表达菌株GS115/pPIC9k-AtDOX2。SDS-PAGE分析结果显示,0.5%甲醇诱导96h重组蛋白表达量最高,其表达量占胞外总蛋白的15%。重组AtDOX2的表观分子量约为70kD,经Ni-NTA柱亲和层析可获得纯度大于80%的重组蛋白。2,2′-Azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)(ABTS)法测定结果表明重组蛋白具有过氧化物酶活性,且其活性受Ca2+和Mg2+激活,受EDTA、咪唑和Mn2+抑制;2,4-二硝基苯肼(2,4-DNP)法测定结果显示,重组AtDOX2具有双加氧酶活性,Ca2+对其双加氧酶活性也有激活作用。结果说明利用酵母表达系统获得...     

New strategy for expression of recombinant hydroxylated human-derived gelatin in Pichia pastoris KM71

Gelatin is a well-known biopolymer, and it has a long history of use mainly as a gelling agent in the food industry. This paper reports a new method for producing recombinant hydroxylated human-derived gelatin in Pichia pastoris KM71. Three independent expression cassettes encoding for specific length of gelatin, prolyl 4-hydroxylase (P4H, EC 1.14.11.2), α-subunit (αP4H), and protein-disulfide isomerase (PDI) were individually cloned in one expression vector, pPIC9K. The modified gelatin gene and two subunit genes of P4H were under the control of two different inducible promoters, namely, alcohol oxidase 1 promoter (PAOX1) and formaldehyde dehydrogenase 1 promoter (PFLD1), respectively. The results of sodium dodecylsulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis show that a recombinant gelatin was successfully expressed in P. pastoris KM71 by methanol induction. Liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry analysis indicates that the expressed gelatin was hydroxylated with approximately 66.7% of proline residues in the Y positions of Gly-X-Y triplets. The results of nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy of recombinant gelatin test show that the (1)H and (13)C spectra have many corresponding characteristic displacement peaks, and amino acids composition analysis shows that it contains hydroxyproline and its UV absorption is consistent with the characteristics of gelatin.     

蜡样芽胞杆菌M22Mn-SOD基因的分子改造及在毕赤酵母中的表达

根据毕赤酵母(Pichia pastons)密码子的偏好性,以氨基酸序列不变为原则,对源于蜡样芽胞杆菌(Bacillus cernes)M22的Mn-SOD基因进行分子改造,设计、合成了新的基因序列Mn-SOD-2.构建酵母表达载体pPICZαA/Mn-SOD-2,并整合至毕赤酵母GS115染色体.结果表明,所构建的重组体经0.5%甲醇诱导表达后,Native-PAGE检测证实有清晰单一活性条带;SDS-PAGE检测证实重组蛋白的分子量24 kD.酶活分析表明,外源蛋白的活性较改造前增加了2.2倍,且表达稳定性良好.     

外源蛋白在巴斯德毕赤酵母中高效分泌表达的前沿技术

巴斯德毕赤酵母表达系统是目前应用非常广泛的外源蛋白真核表达系统。外源蛋白在巴斯德毕赤酵母中的高效分泌表达有利于减少下游纯化步骤,降低生产成本,具有重大的实用意义。本文综述了生物信息学、系统生物学、高通量筛选和合成生物学等前沿技术在信号肽和代谢系统优化中的应用,为进一步提高外源蛋白在巴斯德毕赤酵母中的分泌表达提供参考。     

犬白细胞介素2在毕赤酵母中的诱导表达及生物活性的测定

以ConA刺激的犬外周血淋巴细胞总RNA为模板，通过RT-PCR方法扩增出犬IL-2成熟蛋白基因，将目的片段连接到pMD18-T载体，测序结果显示，扩增片段与GenBank上发表的序列一致。然后将目的片段连接到酵母表达载体pPICZa-A上，得到重组酵母犬IL-2表达载体pPICZaA-CaIL-2，经SacⅠ酶切线性化后电转化导入毕赤酵母菌株X-33。PCR方法筛选重组酵母菌，甲醇诱导表达，SDS-PAGE结果显示表达上清中有大小约20kDa的目的条带，比实际分子量略大，推测蛋白可能发生糖基化。MTT法测定生物学活性结果表明，重组犬IL-2能够极显著促进犬外周血淋巴细胞增殖。证明酵母表达的犬重组IL-2具有良好的生物学活性。     

草鱼leptin基因的分离鉴定及在巴斯德毕赤酵母中的表达

利用RT-PCR技术扩增出草鱼(Ctenopharyngodonidellus)的leptin基因,将leptin基因克隆至真核表达载体pPIC9K,电穿孔转化GS115菌株,经G418筛选和甲醇诱导后,对表达产物进行SDS-PAGE琼脂糖凝胶电泳和Westernblot分析。结果表明,草鱼leptin基因cDNA序列由438个核苷酸组成,编码146个氨基酸组成的多肽(GenBank登陆号AY551335),与鲤鱼(Cyprinuscarpio)leptin基因相比,核苷酸和氨基酸的同源性为99%;与人、猪和鼠相比,核苷酸同源性分别为84%、86%和95%,氯基酸的同源性分别为84%、82%和96%;与河豚(Takifugurubripes)相比,氨基酸具有较大的差异,仅有9%的同源性,表明leptin在物种的进化上具有一定的差异;实现了草鱼leptin基因在毕赤酵母(Pichiapastoris)中的表达,表达蛋白的分子量约为16kD,Westernblot分析表明,表达产物具有一定的免疫学活性。     

蜡样芽孢杆菌M22锰超氧化物歧化酶基因在毕赤酵母中的表达

实验成功地构建了毕赤酵母（Pichia pastoris）表达质粒pPICZA—Mn—sod,质粒线性化后通过电激法导入毕赤酵母GSl15，抗生素zeocin抗性梯度筛选得到高拷贝重组菌株。PCR鉴定及Mut^＋表型分析表明，目标基因已经重组到宿主基因组染色体上；0．5％甲醇诱导表达后，SDS—PAGE结果显示，表达蛋白的相对分子量约为23kD，活性电泳出现明显活性条带；酶活性测定显示，重组菌株SOD活性比对照提高5倍左右；氯仿-乙醇（3：5／V：V）和KCN（5mmol／L）抑制反应进一步证明，所表达的SOD为锰超氧化物歧化酶C。来源于蜡样芽孢杆菌（Bacillus cereus）M22的Mn—sod基因在毕赤酵母中得到正确表达。为研究该酶的生理功能提供了必要的物质条件。     

抗菌肽模式肽PGYa的分子设计、克隆及在毕赤酵母中的分泌表达

在α-螺旋抗菌肽序列比较和两亲性分析的基础上,提取序列模板,计算机辅助（螺旋轮法）设计出新型抗菌肽模式肽PGYa(Peptide以Gly开头,以Tyr-NH2结尾),然后选用毕赤酵母偏爱密码子,设计合成了PGYa基因（rPCR法）。所合成的基因全长为94bp,并在其N端引入kex2裂解位点,以保证表达抗菌肽具有天然N端。基因克隆入pPICZα-A质粒,构建分泌型酵母表达载体pPICZα-A-PGYa。在AOX1 (醇氧化酶)启动子调控下,PGYa蛋白获得分泌表达,其表达量达到132 mg/L。初步抑菌（E.coli DH5α）活性显示：PGYa有较好的抗菌活性。     

里氏木霉RUT-C30内切β-甘露聚糖酶基因在毕赤酵母中的分泌表达

摘要：以里氏木霉（Trichoderma reesei）RNA为模板，采用RT-PCR扩增的方法获得不带自身信号肽man1基因的cDNA片段。构建了重组表达载体pPIC9K-man1，重组质粒SacⅠ线性化后用PEG（聚乙二醇）法导入毕赤酵母Pichia pastoris菌株GS115中，通过PCR和表型鉴定表明man1基因已经整合到毕赤酵母染色体上。经大量筛选，获得高效分泌表达甘露聚糖酶的毕赤酵母工程菌株RMAN23。将此菌株在5L发酵罐中进行高密度发酵，测定酶活最高达470IU /mL，同时对重组甘露聚糖酶的性质进行了初步研究。     

Achaetomium sp.Xz8甘露聚糖酶在毕赤酵母中的表达及其酶学性质分析

甘露聚糖酶作为最主要的半纤维素酶类现已被广泛地应用在饲料、造纸、洗涤剂、食品及石油开采等领域。本研究从高温真菌Achaetomium sp.Xz8菌株中利用兼并引物和Thermal asymmetric interlaced PCR(Tail-PCR)的方法克隆获得一个新的糖苷水解酶5家族的甘露聚糖酶基因(man5Xz8)。基因全长1 239bp,序列分析发现其编码412个氨基酸和1个终止密码子,预测的信号肽序列为N端的20个氨基酸。将成熟蛋白序列克隆到毕赤酵母分泌型表达载体p PIC9中,利用甲醇诱导重组酵母菌表达目的蛋白,经SDS-PAGE电泳分析,表达蛋白分子量约55.0 k Da。对其酶学性质进行测定,Man5Xz8的最适p H值为5.0,在p H值9.0可以保持40%以上的酶活性,在p H值5.0~9.0具有良好的p H稳定性。最适作用温度为50℃,并对SDS具有较高的耐受性。以角豆胶为底物,Man5Xz8的比活、Km及Vmax值分别为101.6 U·mg-1、4.4 mg·m L-1、128.2μmol·min-1·mg-1。因此,Man5Xz8为后期研究甘露聚糖酶的工业应用和酸碱催化机制提供了良好的材料。     

弹性蛋白酶基因的克隆及在毕赤酵母中的表达

本研究以一株产弹性蛋白酶的铜绿假单胞菌基因组DNA为模板,经PCR扩增得到的弹性蛋白基因,与GenBank中的序列对比发现同源性为99%。将弹性蛋白酶基因连入到表达载体pPIC3.5K中,经过酶切和测序鉴定证实弹性蛋白酶基因已插入到载体启动子下游,成功构建了质粒pPIC3.5K/PAE。将pPIC3.5K/PAE线性化,通过电转化将目的基因转入毕赤酵母KM71中,利用MD培养基筛选到近400个转化子,再经G418抗性的筛选,获得48株含高拷贝的重组毕赤酵母转化子并用PCR和弹性蛋白平板验证。经过甲醇诱导表达得到高表达的重组酵母菌株,酶活为1060U/mL是出发菌株的26倍。本研究成功克隆到铜绿假单胞菌弹性蛋白酶基因,为实现活性弹性蛋白酶的高效表达奠定了基础。     

Cloning and expression of buffalo active chymosin in Pichia pastoris

To date, only recombinant chymosin has been obtained in its active form from supernatants of filamentous fungi, which are not as good candidates as yeasts for large-scale fermentations. Since Bos taurus chymosin was cloned and expressed, the world demand for this protease has increased to such an extent that the cheesemaking industry has been looking for novel sources of chymosin. In this sense because buffalo chymosin has properties that are more stable than those of B. taurus chymosin, it may occupy a space of its own in the chymosin market. The main objective of the present work was the production of active recombinant buffalo chymosin in the culture supernatant of Pichia pastoris . This yeast has demonstrated its usefulness as an excellent large-scale fermentation tool for the secretion of recombinant foreign proteins. RNA was extracted from the abomasum of a suckling calf water buffalo ( Bubalus arnee bubalis ). Preprochymosin, prochymosin, and chymosin DNA sequences were isolated and expressed into P. pastoris. Only the recombinant clones of P. pastoris containing the prochymosin sequence gene were able to secrete the active form of the chymosin to the culture supernatant. This paper describes for the first time the production of active recombinant chymosin in P. pastoris without the need of a previous in vitro activation. The new recombinant yeast strain could represent a novel and excellent source of rennet for the cheesemaking industry.     

锰超氧化物歧化酶（Mn-SOD）基因的分子改造及在毕赤酵母中的表达

根据毕赤酵母（Pichia pastoris）的密码子偏好性,以不改变氨基酸序列为原则,对源于蜡样芽孢杆菌M22（Bacillus cerues M22）的Mn-SOD基因进行分子改造,设计、合成新的基因序列Mn-SOD-2。构建酵母表达载体pPICZαA/Mn-SOD-2,并整合至毕赤酵母GS115染色体。结果表明,所构建的酵母工程菌株YM103,经0.5%甲醇诱导表达后,Native-PAGE检测证实有清晰活性条带;SDS-PAGE检测证实重组蛋白的分子量为24kD,与预期大小一致。酶活分析表明,外源蛋白的活性较改造前增加了2.2倍,且表达稳定性良好。     

Structural characterization of potato protease inhibitor I (Cv. Bintje) after expression in Pichia pastoris

In the present study the structural properties of potato protease inhibitor 1 (PI-1) were studied as a function of temperature to elucidate its precipitation mechanism upon heating. A cDNA coding for PI-1 from cv. Bintje was cloned and expressed in Pichia pastoris. Using the recombinant PI-1 it was suggested that PI-1 behaves as a hexameric protein rather than as a pentamer, as previously proposed in the literature. The recombinant protein seems either to have a predominantly unordered structure or to belong to the beta-II proteins. Differential scanning calorimetry analysis of PI-1 revealed that its thermal unfolding occurs via one endothermic transition in which the hexameric PI-1 probably unfolds, having a dimer instead of a monomer as cooperative unit. The transition temperature for the recombinant PI-1 was 88 degrees C. Similar results were obtained for a partially purified pool of native PI-1 from cv. Bintje.