旱稻田杂草化学防除技术研究

经测定多种除草剂在旱稻田的应用效果表明,丁恶乳油除草效果最佳,对多种禾本科杂草和部分阔叶杂草具有显著的防效;敌异复配和丁绿复配的除草效果略逊于丁恶乳油,但比敌绿复配、丁草胺、敌草胺明显,除草剂在本研究中的剂量范围内,对旱稻安全,无药害表现。     

施田补防除肥床旱育秧田杂草的效果

肥床旱育秧已发展成为我市水稻的主要育秧方式,1998年由肥床旱育秧栽插的水稻面积为265万亩,达水稻总面积的72．2％。有效防除肥床旱育秧田发生普遍、危害严重的杂草,已成为培育壮秧的重要一环。为评价施田补等除草剂在肥床旱育秧田的应用前景,1998年在金湖县进行了以施田补为主的田间药效比较试验和示范应用。1材料与方法1．1供试药剂33％施田补乳油（美国氰胺公司产）、36％水旱灵乳油（丁＋恶,如皋市农用化工厂产）、60％丁草脸乳油（昆山化工厂产）、25％抛秧净（二氯＋苄）悬浮剂（新沂市中凯农药公司产）、30％扫菲特乳油（瑞士…     

50%乙·异(口恶)草乳油免耕直播油菜田间药效试验

50%乙·异(口恶)草乳油(商品名:油哈)是丰乐农化公司开发的油菜田除草剂,主要用于直播油菜芽前及移栽油菜移栽前封闭处理.为探讨其对直播油菜田杂草的防除效果及对油菜的安全性,确定经济、有效的用量,作者进行了田间小区试验,取得了良好效果.     

20%丁恶乳油防治旱育秧田杂草试验

２０％丁恶乳油系南通市第二农药厂生产的一种除草剂,为探索其对旱秧田杂草的防除效果,本站受厂方委托对其进行了试验,现将结果总结如下。一、试验设计及方法试验设每６６７ｍ２２０％丁恶乳油（南通市第二农药厂）１００ｍｌ、１５０ｍｌ,３６％水旱灵乳油（如市农药...     

50％乙．异噁草乳油免耕直播油菜田间药效试验

50%乙·异口恶草乳油(商品名:油哈)是丰乐农化公司开发的油菜田除草剂,主要用于直播油菜芽前及移栽油菜移栽前封闭处理。为探讨其对直播油菜田杂草的防除效果及对油菜的安全性,确定经济、有效的用量,作者进行了田间小区试验,取得了良好效果。1材料与方法1.1供试作物直播油菜,品     

近期批准登记的农药

登记证号农药名称登记作物(防治对象)申请登记企业联系电话LS20030462LS20030463LS20030464LS20030465LS20030466LS20030467LS20030468LS20030469LS20030470LS20030471LS20030472LS20030473LS200304741%阿维菌素乳油33%苄·丁·扑可湿性粉剂57%柴油·炔螨乳油19%苄·麦草可湿性粉剂50%多·锰锌可湿性粉剂24.5%阿维·柴油乳油0.5%阿维菌素乳油5%精喹禾灵乳油10%高渗三唑磷乳油50%异菌脲可湿性粉剂72%锰锌·霜脲可湿性粉剂15%草除·精喹禾乳油65%锰锌·二氰可湿性粉剂十字花科蔬菜(菜青虫)水稻半旱育秧田、水稻旱育秧田(一年生杂草…     

二甲戊灵乳油防治甘蓝田杂草的效果

随着耕作制度的改变,蔬菜种植面积的不断扩大,蔬菜田杂草的防除已备受农民关注.扬州市苏灵农药化工有限公司生产的330 g/L二甲戊灵乳油是防除蔬菜田杂草较理想的除草剂之一,2007年我们对其实施了田间小区药效试验.     

几种除草剂对冬甘蓝田杂草防除效果及安全性

杂草危害是制约甘蓝产业发展的重要因素,为筛选高效、低毒、安全的冬甘蓝田除草剂,选用5种除草剂进行比较试验。结果表明:25%砜嘧磺隆水分散粒剂对冬甘蓝田杂草总株数防效和总鲜质量防效最高,17.5%精喹·草除灵乳油、330 g/L二甲戊灵乳油防效次之,900 g/L乙草胺乳油的防效最低。建议生产上可选用25%砜嘧磺隆水分散粒剂、330 g/L二甲戊灵乳油和17.5%精喹·草除灵乳油防除冬甘蓝田杂草。     

苦参生物碱对几种植物病原菌的抑制作用研究初报

苦参生物碱醇-乳油溶液对稻胡麻叶斑病菌、立枯丝核菌、稻恶苗病菌、白菜黑斑病菌、十字花科蔬菜黑腐病病菌、十字花科蔬菜软腐病病菌、茄科蔬菜青枯病菌均有抑制作用．其最低抑制浓度多在0．5mg／ml以下．并对稻恶苗病菌孢子萌发也具有明显抑制作用。     

10种除草剂防除花生田杂草试验研究

为明确氧氟·乙草胺40％乳油等10种除草剂,防除花生田杂草的效果及对花生的安全性,采用田间小区试验的方法,观察了其对花生田主要杂草的控制作用和对花生产量的影响。结果表明：氧氟·乙草胺40％乳油等6种除草剂对花生田马唐、牛筋草、反枝苋、马齿苋等多种一年生杂草均有好的防除效果,鲜重防效均在90％以上,好于特丁净50％悬浮剂、扑草净50％可湿性粉刺处理的防效,显著提高了花生的产量。     

Application of reverse-phase h.p.l.c. for the determination of partition coefficients

Reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography (h.p.l.c.), using a C₁₈ analytical column, has been applied to the determination of partition coefficients for a range of agrochemicals and industrial chemicals. Using a correlation plot of the logarithm of the capacity factor (k) with the logarithm of the n-octanol/water partition coefficient (P_ow), partition coefficients were predicted with a 95% tolerance interval of ± log 0.80 of the literature ‘shake flask’ value for compounds of random structure over the log P_ow range 0–6. Individual regression lines were fitted for compounds of comparable size and functional grouping, which reduced any bias and thereby enabled more accurate predictions to be made. The reverse-phase h.p.l.c. method has a number of advantages over the traditional ‘shake-flask’ method. Quantitative methods are not required or do not have to be developed and only the determination of the retention time is necessary. Quick and precise determinations of retention times are facilitated by h.p.l.c. and further improvement can be obtained by automation of solvent mixing, solute injection and data processing. H.p.l.c. was used to generate partition coefficient data for highly hydrophobic materials and, because of its resolving power, data for mixtures and solvent fractions. Dual detection, using u.v. and r.i. in series, was necessary for some compounds, particularly unknown mixtures and impure compounds. Calculations of log P_ow based on the fragment-addition method using the structural data file, MACCS, was of considerable value in confirming experimentally derived values. In certain cases, calculated log P_ow values were considered more trustworthy than experimental values.     

Dispersal of Formulations of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. erythroxyli and F. oxysporum f. sp. melonis by Ants

ABSTRACT A natural epidemic of Fusarium wilt on coca (Erythroxylum coca) in Peru prompted the suggestion of possibly using the pathogen Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. erythroxyli as a mycoherbicide against this narcotic plant. During field trials conducted in Kauai, HI, to test the pathogenicity of the coca wilt pathogen, ants were observed removing formulations from test plots. While removal of formulations by ants was considered detrimental with respect to conducting field tests, ant removal was considered potentially beneficial in disseminating the mycoherbicide. Thus, research was initiated to assess the ability of formulation additives to alter the preference of ants for the formulated mycoherbicide. In Hawaii, preference of indigenous ants for removing formulations was tested using three different food bases (rice, rice plus canola oil, and wheat flour [gluten]). Similar tests were conducted at Beltsville, MD, using F. oxysporum f. sp. melonis, in which the formulation based on wheat flour was replaced by a formulation based on canola meal. Formulations based on wheat were preferred by ants in both locations; up to 90% of the wheat plus rice flour granules (C-6) and the wheat gluten plus kaolin granules (pesta) were removed within 24 h, while only 20% of those containing rice without oils were taken. However, when either canola, sunflower (Maryland only), or olive oil was added to the rice formulation, up to 90% of the granules were taken. The formulation based on canola meal was less attractive to ants, as only 65% of the granules were removed within a period of 24 h. Ants showed no preference with respect to presence or absence of fungal biomass. To alter the attractiveness of the C-6 formulation to ants, C-6 was amended with three natural products. Canna and tansy leaves were added to C-6 at a ratio of 1:5 (wt/wt), while chili powder was added at 1:25 or 1:2.5 (wt/wt). Canna, tansy, and the higher rate of chili powder significantly reduced the number of C-6 granules removed by ants. Canna and tansy leaves affected neither germination nor sporulation of the mycoherbicide, while the high concentration of chili powder reduced viability of propagules in the formulation. More F. oxysporum f. sp. erythroxyli-type colonies were recovered from inside ant nests (9 cm depth) than from nest surfaces, indicating that ants may distribute the mycoherbicide in the soil profile. Ants passively carried propagules of F. oxysporum f. sp. erythroxyli outside their bodies, as well as either very closely adhering to the outside or within their bodies.     

PCR-based differentiation of Fusarium oxysporum ff. sp. lycopersici and radicis-lycopersici and races of F. oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici

The pathogenic type (form and race) of Fusarium oxysporum, which generates wilt symptoms on tomato, was rapidly identified with a polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based technique. We compared the partial nucleotide sequences of endo polygalacturonase (pg1) and exo polygalacturonase (pgx4) genes from isolates of F. oxysporum ff. sp. lycopersici (FOL) and radicis-lycopersici (FORL) from Japan and designed specific primer sets (uni, sp13, sp23, and sprl) based on the nucleotide differences that appeared among the pathogenic types. PCR with the uni primer set amplified a 670∼672-bp fragment from all isolates of FOL and FORL. With the sp13 primer set, an amplicon of 445 bp was obtained only from isolates of FOL race 1 and 3. With the sp23 primer set, a 518-bp fragment was obtained from isolates of FOL race 2 and 3. The sprl primer set yielded a 947-bp fragment from isolates of FORL, but not from FOL. A combination of amplifications with these primer sets effectively differentiated the pathogenic types of F. oxysporum in tomato.     

Attempted somatic hybridization of Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici and P. striiformis f. sp. hordei

Attempts were made to produce somatic hybrids between isolates of Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici and f. sp. hordei. A mixed infection was produced on a common susceptible barley host, Fong Tien, using white-spored isolates of P. striiformis f. sp. tritici and yellow-spored isolates off. sp. hordei. Selection was made for non-parental spore colour on selective wheat and barley hosts, and variants thus isolated were analysed for virulence markers, and for isozyme and double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) markers, all of which clearly differentiated the parental isolates. Two white-spored (non-parental) isolates were found on the selective barley host which otherwise resembled the parental f. sp. hordei isolate in virulence, isozyme and dsRNA markers. The most likely explanation of the origin of these isolates is mutation to white spore colour in the f. sp. hordei isolate.     

醉蝶白粉病的发生规律与防治

研究明确醉蝶白粉病菌以闭囊壳、分生孢子和菌丝在病残体上或土壤中越冬。醉蝶开花至盛花期为发生高峰期 ,高温干燥的气候条件发病严重。发生程度与土壤肥力、田间种植密度等关系密切。加强管理 ,清洁田园和30%特富灵、6%乐必耕、75%百菌清、25%粉锈宁可湿性粉剂等在定植后、开花前后喷药 ,每隔10d1次 ,连续5～6次 ,可基本控制该病发生。