鸡白痢与鸡伤寒沙门菌双重PCR方法的建立和初步应用

分析不同血清型/生物型沙门菌全基因组序列筛选出鸡白痢和鸡伤寒沙门菌特异性基因组序列,设计两对引物,建立双重PCR方法鉴别检测鸡白痢和鸡伤寒沙门菌不同生物型,并进行初步的临床应用。双重PCR方法结果显示,鸡白痢沙门菌显示417 bp条带,鸡伤寒沙门菌显示417 bp和636 bp两个条带,而阴性对照未出现条带,与预期设计相符。双重PCR体系对56株不同血清型沙门菌鉴定结果与细菌学分离的血清型鉴定结果完全一致,说明本试验建立的双重PCR体系特异性良好,应用上述方法检测鸡场疑似20份临床样本,结果发现8株鸡白痢沙门菌阳性,1株鸡伤寒沙门菌阳性。上述结果表明,已建立双重PCR方法特异性检测鸡白痢和鸡伤寒沙门菌。本试验为鸡白痢和鸡伤寒不同生物型沙门菌的检测提供了一种简洁、敏感、特异的新方法。     

鸡白痢沙门菌等位基因特异性PCR检测方法的建立

根据鸡白痢沙门菌与鸡伤寒沙门菌的rfbS基因在第237和第598位碱基的不同，设计和合成了等位基因特异性PCR引物，建立了快速检测鸡白痢沙门菌的PCR方法，并应用该方法对鸡白痢沙门菌临床分离样品进行了PCR鉴定。结果显示，该PCR方法能够特异性地鉴定鸡白痢沙门菌，检测灵敏度达100PgDNA。对35个经常规方法鉴定的鸡白痢沙门菌分离株应用等位基因特异性PCR方法进行鉴定，鉴定出33株鸡白痢沙门菌，符合率为94．3％。表明，建立的等位基因特异性PCR方法能够准确而快速地鉴定鸡白痢沙门菌。     

鸡白痢沙门菌基因组差异片段的筛选与分析

采用抑制性消减杂交技术（SSH）对鸡白痢沙门菌C79-13株与鸡伤寒沙门菌Sg9株进行了基因组差异片段分析.结果,从C79-13株中共检出13个特异性差异片段.经同源分析,这些序列可分为3类：噬菌体相关序列、质粒相关序列和已知功能序列.这些差异片段包含一些重要的沙门菌毒力相关基因,如编码大肠杆菌素、IpaJ蛋白、尾突蛋白、切除酶的基因.结果表明,鸡白痢沙门菌C79-13株与鸡伤寒沙门茵Sg9株基因组问存在较多差异基因,这些差异片段为确定鸡白痢沙门菌特异性遗传标志,建立分子鉴别新体系提供了基础.     

鸡白痢沙门菌等位基因特异性PCR检测方法的建立与应用

参照GenBank公布的鸡白痢沙门菌与鸡伤寒沙门菌fimH基因序列,根据两者在第37和第544位碱基的不同,设计了一对等位基因特异性引物,建立了一种鸡白痢沙门菌等位基因特异性PCR(AS-PCR)检测方法,并应用该方法对鸡白痢沙门菌临床样品进行了检测.结果表明,该AS-PCR的扩增产物大小为543 bp,核酸检出限为12.6 pg/μL,菌液检出限为2.3×104 cfu/mL,适用于鸡泄殖腔拭子、鲜蛋、饲料和饮水中鸡白痢沙门菌的检测.该AS-PCR检测方法具有简便、快速、特异性强、敏感度高等特点,可应用于鸡白痢沙门菌的快速检测.     

鸡白痢、鸡伤寒沙门菌分子分型方法的验证

为验证鸡白痢、鸡伤寒沙门菌分子分型方法的准确性,本研究以3株鸡白痢、鸡伤寒沙门菌国际参考菌株和306株国内分离株为研究对象,采用5种已知的分子分型方法开展验证性实验。结果发现,基于特定基因可变区的2种分型方法具有良好的特异性,其检测结果与生化分型结果一致,而3种基于特定基因单核苷酸多态性的分型方法则出现假阳性或假阴性的结果。上述结果表明,鸡白痢、鸡伤寒沙门菌分子分型方法的准确性仍需进一步验证。     

一株高致病性鸡伤寒沙门菌的分离与鉴定

对某蛋鸡场送检的10日龄左右病死雏鸡,进行了病理剖检,并开展了病原微生物分离培养、PCR鉴定、生化鉴定、血清学分型、动物回归、药物敏感性试验.结果显示,分离菌株为革兰氏阴性小杆菌,能够与鸡白痢鸡伤寒沙门菌阳性血清产生明显的凝集,PCR结果证实该分离株为鸡伤寒沙门菌;动物回归试验中,分离的鸡沙门菌具有较强的致病性;药物敏感性试验表明,分离株对替米考星、磷霉素、阿莫西林耐药,使用敏感药物氟苯尼考对鸡群沙门菌的控制取得了良好的治疗效果.     

肉鸡鸡白痢沙门菌的分离鉴定

2009年5月,北京郊区某肉鸡养殖户的2 000只7日龄雏鸡出现拉白色稀粪,肝脏有黄色结节等症状和病变的疾病。为探索该病病因及制定有效防治措施,对病鸡样品进行了细菌学检验。通过细菌分离、生化试验、PCR及16 S rRNA基因测序鉴定出1株鸡白痢沙门菌。该分离株感染试验鸡能复制出与其临床表现一致的病例并能引起死亡。表明鸡白痢沙门菌是危害北京郊区该养殖户肉鸡的病原。     

沙门菌多重PCR检测方法的建立及其应用

为鉴定临床上常见的3种沙门菌血清型,针对特异性基因invA(沙门菌属)、sdfl(肠炎沙门菌)、Stm4495(鼠伤寒沙门菌)和SPUL-2693(鸡白痢沙门菌)设计引物,利用标准菌株通过优化体系成功建立了沙门菌的四重PCR检测方法.结果 显示:该方法特异性好,敏感性高(检测下限:基因组为500 pg/mL,菌液为10...     

华东地区禽源沙门菌的分布及血清型分析

本文旨在研究中国华东地区沙门菌分布情况及其优势菌的血清型变异情况.收集2010年10月-2012年8月来源于江苏、安徽、上海等地区的1 730份禽源样品,进行增菌、纯化、PCR鉴定、血清学试验及生化试验,并对7株血清型有变异的疑似鸡白痢沙门菌进行进一步序列测定,对血清型进行分析.结果表明,本次调查中共分离沙门菌87株,包括鼠伤寒沙门菌、德尔卑沙门菌、圣保罗沙门菌、鸡白痢沙门菌及阿巴特图巴沙门菌,并且在鸡白痢沙门菌血清型H相存在Hd、Hg阳性的现象.结果提示,中国禽类沙门菌感染以鸡白痢沙门菌感染为主,且存在血清型变异情况,变异概率呈上升趋势.     

2010～2012年苏皖两省鸡白痢沙门菌的分离鉴定及耐药性分析

通过培养特性、生化反应、血清学试验及PCR检测,对2010年10月～2012年6月江苏、安徽两省送检的禽源病料进行鸡白痢沙门菌的分离鉴定,并对分离株进行药敏试验.结果从1 420份样品中分离鉴定出55株鸡白痢沙门菌;药敏试验结果表明,分离株对萘啶酸、羧苄青霉素、链霉素、磺胺异恶唑和氨苄西林等抗菌药物具有较高的耐药性,而对庆大霉素、头孢曲松、氯霉素和卡那霉素具有较强敏感性.上述鸡白痢沙门菌分离株中,有49株(89.09％)为多重耐药菌株,其中以四耐菌株比例最高(25.45％).本研究对于指导临床合理用药及控制鸡白痢沙门菌发生与流行具有重要的现实意义.     

Serological response of chickens to infection with Salmonella gallinarum-S. pullorum detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

The serological response to Salmonella pullorum and S. gallinarum infection in chickens was studied with an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). In broiler chickens, a more virulent strain of S. pullorum produced a significantly lower serum IgG titer than did a less virulent strain. In laying hens, the serum and egg-yolk IgG titers were very similar. In chickens infected with S. gallinarum, high IgG titers persisted for 30 weeks. In chickens reinfected with this strain, each reinfection was followed by transitory increases in IgG lasting no longer than 2 weeks. Serum samples from Brazil taken from a laying flock with evidence of fowl typhoid showed much higher antibody levels than did those from three uninfected flocks. Using lipopolysaccharide as the detecting antigen, infections caused by these salmonellae could be differentiated from those caused by other groups. Incorporation of the appropriate flagella antigen in the ELISA allowed differentiation between infections caused by S. pullorum and S. enteritidis.     

The selection of Salmonella gallinarum, Salmonella pullorum and Escherichia coli in chickens after chloramphenicol administration]

The effect of a chloramphenicol administration was examined on the selection of E. coli of the chicken intestinal flora, and of the infectious S. gallinarum and S. pullorum strains. On the other hand, an effort was made to detect the frequency of the resistance transmission of E. coli to above mentioned sensitive salmonella strains. Fourteen chicken, 12 infected and 2 negative controls were used. It was found that the enteric E. coli strains became resistant in a week's time. Besides, the strains that were used for infecting the chicken neither were selected through the chloramphenicol administered nor did they take the E. coli resistance, via R-factor transmission.     

基于等位基因特异性PCR原理建立鸡白痢沙门氏菌PCR方法

根据鸡白痢沙门氏菌与鸡伤寒沙门氏菌的rfbS基因在第237和598位碱基的不同,设计和合成等位基因特异性PCR引物,建立快速检测鸡白痢沙门氏菌的PCR方法,并应用该法对鸡白痢沙门氏菌临床分离样品进行了PCR鉴定。结果显示,该PCR方法能特异性地鉴定鸡白痢沙门氏菌,检测灵敏度达18 pg/μL DNA,4.7×10⁴ CFU/mL菌液,表明建立的等位基因特异性PCR方法能准确而快速地鉴定鸡白痢沙门氏菌。     

鸡沙门氏菌弱毒苗与微生态制剂联合应用的效果

将鸡沙门氏菌弱毒苗分别与2种不同的微生态制剂配合对AA肉鸡实施免疫。结果表明，弱毒苗单独应用组、联合应用1组和2组的免疫保护效率分别为75％、90％和90％，均与攻毒对照组（40％）存在显著差异（P＜0．05）；攻毒20d后所有存活鸡细菌分离结果显示，上述3个试验组细菌分离率分别为53．5％、55％和5．5％，也均与攻毒对照组（75％）存在显著性差异（P＜0．05）。由此认为，该弱毒苗与上述微生态制剂联合应用的效果明显，具有较好的应用前景。     

Hybridization studies with a DNA probe derived from the virulence region of the 60 Mdal plasmid of Salmonella typhimurium.

Plasmid DNA of 68 strains of Salmonella that belonged to 18 serovars and exhibited 48 different plasmid profiles was examined for hybridization with a 32P-labelled DNA probe which consisted of a 3750 base pairs (bp) HindIII-HindIII fragment derived from the virulence region of the 60 megadalton (Mdal) plasmid of Salmonella typhimurium. The 32 Mdal plasmid of S. cholerae-suis, the 50 Mdal plasmid of S. dublin, the 36 Mdal plasmid of S. enteritidis, the 60 Mdal plasmid of S. gallinarum, the 60 Mdal plasmid of S. pullorum, and the 60 Mdal plasmid of S. typhimurium, plasmids that have been associated with virulence, all hybridized with the probe. Digestion of plasmid DNA of these strains with PvuII and hybridization with the probe revealed that the plasmids of strains of all six serovars contained fragments of approximately 2520 and 1520 bp that hybridized with the probe. Similarly, hybridization with BglI digests of DNA of the virulence-associated plasmids of strains of these six serovars showed that all six plasmids contained a fragment of approximately 3690 bp that hybridized with the probe. No other plasmids of these strains nor any plasmids of 12 other Salmonella serovars hybridized with the probe. Chromosomal DNA did not hybridize with the probe. The 60 Mdal plasmids of S. gallinarum and S. pullorum showed similar digestion patterns with restriction endonucleases BglI, BglII and PvuII.     

Temporal changes in the population genetics of Salmonella pullorum

Salmonella pullorum is the cause of pullorum disease, which is characterized by white diarrhea and a high mortality rate in poultry. During the 1990s, the serologic "pullorum" test has occasionally failed to detect infected birds during the early stage of disease. To determine if any recent genetic changes have taken place in S. pullorum to account for poor seroconversion sometimes observed in infected flocks, S. pullorum from 1990s outbreaks and strains isolated prior to the 1980s were typed by random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD). Of 40 S. pullorum isolates typed by this method, eight distinct DNA patterns were identified with one of three RAPD polymerase chain reaction primers. Sixty-two percent of S. pullorum isolates shared the same RAPD DNA pattern, and a major proportion of these strains were from recent flock infections. The RAPD patterns for S. pullorum were clearly distinct from the avian Salmonella group B isolates included in this analysis. The distribution of Salmonella virulence genes among avian Salmonella isolates was also examined. Eighty-five percent of the S. pullorum isolates had both the virulence plasmid gene, spvB, and the invasion gene, invA, with the same percentage positive for the Salmonella enteriditis fimbrial gene, sef. However, significant variability was observed among S. pullorum in their ability to invade avian epithelial cells, despite the presence of the Salmonella invasion gene in these isolates.     

斑点免疫金渗滤法检测鸡白痢/鸡伤寒沙门氏菌抗体的应用研究

将鸡伤寒沙门氏菌LPS抗原包被于渗滤盒检测区（T区），针对沙门氏菌O9抗原单克隆抗体3-47-0包被在质控区（C区），用胶体金标记鸡伤寒沙门氏菌LPS抗原，建立了一种抗原夹心法快速检测鸡白痢、鸡伤寒沙门氏菌抗体的斑点免疫金渗滤法（DIGFA）。DIGFA比玻板凝集试验（PAT）灵敏度高，人工感染鸡试验表明在感染后第7d即可从32只鸡中的7只检测到抗体，在时间上早于PAT。722份现场血清样品的检疫结果表明，DIGFA的阳性检出率稍高于PAT，阳性样品抗体几何平均滴度DIGFA大于PAT法（P〈0．05）。DIGFA的结果得到细菌分离试验的验证。这些结果表明DIGFA快速、灵敏、准确，为鸡伤寒和鸡白痢的检疫提供了一个新的有效手段。     

鸡沙门氏菌弱毒株的效力和安全试验

将鸡沙门氏菌弱毒株以不同剂量分别经口服和颈部皮下接种1日龄商品蛋鸡进行安全性和免疫效力研究,结果表明：该弱毒株对1日龄雏鸡有良好的安全性并能提供较强的保护力。     

林芝地区一例鸡沙门氏菌的分离与鉴定

2009年5月,林芝地区某个体养鸡户的鸡发病死亡。通过剖检病死鸡、病原菌的分离培养、生化试验、致病性试验和血清学试验等,鉴定出病料中含有鸡沙门氏菌,结合临床表现诊断为鸡白痢。