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论述森林害虫资源化研究在有害生物综合管理中的作用以及松毛虫、白蚁等森林害虫的研究进展.认为森林害虫的资源化研究能将昆虫转化为对人类有益的生物资源,减轻其对森林资源及其生态系统的危害,同时又能减少农药的使用量.人工采集害虫进行利用的行为可被视为害虫综合管理的组成部分. 相似文献
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松毛虫是危害针叶树的重要森林害虫.本文从资源昆虫学的角度,总结了松毛虫的营养价值、保健价值和工业价值,以期为松毛虫的综合防治与开发利用提供借鉴. 相似文献
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中国林蛙(Rana tenplalia)是长白山区重要的经济动物,也是森林生态系统中的重要组成部分。自八十年代末,由于人们对该物种的医用价值的过分信赖和栖息地随着经济开发日趋恶化,导致该资源趋于减少,部分区域已濒临灭绝。特别是长白山保护区区域中国林蛙资源近几年来变化尤为突出,体现在分布区、繁殖场等逐年缩小和人类过度捕捞以及气温上升等因素,目前该区域林蛙群数量急剧下降。中国林蛙是经济价值较大的可持续利用的再生资源,也是生态系统食物链的重要成员之一。因此,研究中国林蛙种群数量消长与环境、与人类的关系有着重要意义。目前,有关长白山保护区林蛙资源状况的报道甚少,仅见有一些种群生态、繁殖习性、人工饲养等报道。作者于1990年至2003年在长白山保护区开展了对中国林蛙的研究。现将结果报道如下。 相似文献
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在对森林生态系统特点认识的基础上,通过松毛虫与松林、天敌、森林植物群落相互关系以及生物技术保障作用的分析,讨论了松毛虫种群生态控制的可行性。 相似文献
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1990年12月27~29日,林业部科技司主持了“松毛虫综合管理及赤眼蜂应用技术鉴定会”,鉴定项目有“2~3代类型区马尾松毛虫综合管理研究”、“3~4代类型区马尾松毛虫综合管理技术的研究”、“赤眼蜂防治马尾松毛虫的利用研究”。 “2~3代类型区马尾松毛虫综合管理研究”是由中国林科院林研所、安徽省森林病虫害防治总站共同主持的,共包括14个子专题。是以生态学为基础,用系统分析的方法,实施了松毛虫的综合管理。在历年来松毛虫发生资料的基础上,将安徽省安庆地区567万亩试验林进行了不同类型区划分。在此基础上,根据 相似文献
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根据目前松毛虫发生和防治状况,对燕山东部浅山区中常灾化学农药喷雾防治区,常灾毒环防治区和偶灾区内的赤松毛虫种群世代间数量动态规律进行了研究和分析,分别建立了人为干预情况下赤松毛虫种群世代间数量动态模型。对于进行赤松毛虫种群世代间数量动态预测和分析人为干预效果(防治效果)有一定应用价值。 相似文献
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A.-M. Dulaurent A.J. Porté I. van Halder F. Vétillard P. Menassieu H. Jactel 《Forest Ecology and Management》2011,261(6):1069-1076
Little attention has been given to the relevance of habitat complementation concept to the population dynamics of insect herbivores. Late instar larvae of the pine processionary moth (PPM) Thaumetopoea pityocampa move in late winter from pine stands, their feeding habitat, to neighbouring habitats where they pupate until next summer. They search for sunny exposed soil which they can find in open areas. We investigated the effect of both forest cover and soil origin, with three matching types (pine stand, broadleaved stand and open area) on the survival of PPM pupae. The microclimatic soil variables which significantly differentiated cover types and soil origins were the maximum temperature and the mean relative humidity in spring, soon after pupation has occurred. A significant effect of the cover type, but not of the soil origin, was detected on the proportion of dead, emerged or diapausing pupae. Open areas were more suitable for pupae survival than forest covers (pine or broadleaved stands), due to warmer and more humid soil conditions. In this study, we provide one of the first examples of habitat complementation for an insect herbivore, as PPM population can benefit from the combination of pine habitats for the feeding of larvae with open habitats for pupation. The presence of broadleaved stands next to pine stands might also represent an ecological trap for PPM pupae, as broadleaved habitats may turn to be less suitable for pupae survival in spring when the apparition of leaves creates cooler conditions. 相似文献
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1993年在大邑县共收集到舞毒蛾天敌30种,其中寄生性昆虫19种,捕食性昆虫9种,病毒和虫霉菌各1种。卵期平均寄生率为27.06%±0.54%,大蛾卵跳小蜂是主要天敌。幼虫期天敌有病毒、斑痣悬茧蜂、毒蛾镶颚姬蜂和绒茧蜂等,平均杀死幼虫51.59%±6.48%。蛹期主要天敌有寄蝇、广大腿小蜂和脊腿囊爪姬蜂等,平均寄生率达32.91%±26.40%。在舞毒蛾卵-蛹期,累计约有87.62%的个体被天敌致死。 相似文献
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1992-1994年,在浙江马尾松林里进行昆虫及蜘蛛群落,松毛虫天敌和种群动态的分析。结果表明:(1)15年生马尾松针叶立体分布,确认砍枝取薪以留7轮为好,不低于留4轮;(2)马尾松林昆虫群落分属18目118科,其中直翅目,鞘翅目,同翅目,膜翅目,半翅目占优势,经测定,龙游县落结构复杂,分布均匀,群落与层次,坡向,郁闭度,灌层盖度关系密切;(3)蜘蛛群落分属19科46种,其中萧蛸科,猫蛛科和蟹蛛科 相似文献
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In Honghuaerji region,Scambus sp. is an effective natural enemy of the mongolian scotch pine cone weevil (Pissodes validiirostriis Gyll). The percentage of parasitism on larvae of the mongolian scotch pine cone weevil amounts to 20 to 30% commonly, sometimes
as high as 45% or more, thus significantly regulating the weevil population. But the high mortality of larvae ofScambus in winter, which according to the surveys (conducted in 1986, 1987, and 1988) were 24.00%, 51.03% and 47.70% respectively,
seriously influenced the natural suppression effect. In order to reveal the cause of winter death of this natural enemy, from
1990 authors studied the winter physiological indices, cold hardiness and overwintering protection ofScambus larvae, in the purpose of providing scientific basis of usingScambus in biological control. 相似文献
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红脂大小蠹(Dendroctonus valens)于1999年首次在芦芽山地区发现危害油松林,1999年9月至2004年12月对本区红脂大小蠹的生物学特性及防治技术进行了研究。结果表明:红脂大小蠹在本区主要以老熟幼虫、二龄以上幼虫及成虫在主、侧根的虫道内或土层中的干基部分越冬。成虫于5月上中旬开始出孔扬飞,6月初开始产卵,初孵幼虫始见于6月中旬,8月上旬为化蛹始期,8月中旬成虫开始羽化,10月上中旬以各种虫态进入越冬状态。卵历期11 d~15 d,幼虫历期45 d~55 d,蛹期11 d~13 d。综合防治方法主要分越冬期防治、危害期防治、利用天敌防治和采取营林措施。 相似文献
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The majority of agricultural and forest production systems are typically simplified systems and therefore thought to be sensitive to disturbance. Ecosystems might be less sensitive to disturbance if complexity increases. The resource concentration hypothesis predicts that complexity makes it more difficult for herbivores to find and exploit their food. The natural enemy hypothesis predicts less damage in diverse environments because enemy abundance and diversity remain higher and more stable in environments providing more alternative food sources. We explore the effect of tree diversity in two types of pine stands differing in tree diversity. We ask whether European pine sawfly (Neodiprion sertifer) larval group distribution and larval mortality, imposed by specialist natural enemies, is affected by tree diversity. We find fewer larval groups on pine trees surrounded by non-host trees, indicating that fewer egg-batches were laid. Mortality rates by specialist enemies are not affected by tree diversity but parasitism rates are likely to be higher in larger trees. Herbivores are inhibited by increased tree diversity and density, whereas natural enemies seem to be unaffected, partly increasing the resistance of more diverse forest stands against insect damage. Thus, managing for more mixed forests could mitigate risk of herbivore damage. 相似文献