图丽鱼寄生破坏古氏虫的形态描述及系统发育

在调查新疆乌鲁木齐市观赏鱼感染寄生虫种类期间,从图丽鱼(Astronotus ocellatus)鳃部采集到一种单殖吸虫,经过形态学比较具有鉴定依据的背腹中央大钩、联接片、交接器等结构后,鉴定为锚首虫亚科(Ancyrocephalinae)的破坏古氏虫(Gussevia asota)。首次测定了破坏古氏虫28S rDNA基因序列(GenBank登录号:MG596661),系统发育分析表明,该虫与鲻鱼虫属(Ligophorus)、嗜丽鱼虫属(Cichlidogyrus)的亲缘关系较近,聚为稳定的独立分支。     

安徽大口黑鲈饲料养殖模式研究

<正>大口黑鲈是一种生长快、肉质鲜美的名贵肉食性鱼类。大口黑鲈在分类学上隶属于鲈形目、太阳鱼科、大口黑鲈属;其存在两个亚种:大口黑鲈北方亚种(Micropterus salmoides)和佛罗里达亚种(Micropterus salmoides florida)。因北方亚种适应温度变化的能力较强,所以目前我国     

基于线粒体D-loop区探讨我国养殖大口黑鲈的分类地位和遗传变异

对大口黑鲈国内养殖种群(G)和北方亚种(N)、佛罗里达亚种(F)两个野生种群共23个个体的线粒体DNA D-loop区序列进行分析,探讨国内养殖大口黑鲈(Micropterus salmoides)的分类地位和遗传变异。D-loop区序列分析结果表明,共检测到73个变异位点,总变异率为9.0%。三群体间没有共享单倍型,群体G的5个个体含2种单倍型,群体N的11个个体含9种单倍型,群体F中每个个体均为一种单倍型。对三个群体间的遗传距离分析表明,养殖群体与北方亚种野生群体的遗传距离为0.009,与佛罗里达亚种野生群体的遗传距离为0.053,表明国内养殖的大口黑鲈在分类上属于北方亚种,分子系统进化树的进一步分析结果与其一致。群体N、F和G的核苷酸多样性指数(π)依次为0.008 2,0.013和0.000 5,单倍型多样性指数(h)分别为0.946,1.000和0.400,显示出养殖大口黑鲈群体的遗传多样性相比国外野生群体有明显下降,有必要开展大口黑鲈的遗传改良研究,提高其种质质量。     

流水槽和池塘两种养殖模式下大口黑鲈存活率、生长和性腺成熟的比较研究

通过比较大口黑鲈(Micropterus salmoides)在流水槽-池塘接力养殖和池塘养殖两种模式中的存活率、生长、性腺成熟、饵料系数的差异,以探索大口黑鲈流水槽-池塘接力养殖新模式的可行性.在8月初将大口黑鲈鱼苗(初始平均体重为23.933 g)分别放养于池塘和水槽中养殖,并于次年4月份将流水槽养殖的大口黑鲈转入...     

一例大口黑鲈混合感染锚头蚤和诺卡氏菌病的诊治

2022年7月天津地区出现一鲈鱼养殖场大口黑鲈(Micropterus salmoides)死亡的情况，死亡率在10%左右。为查明大口黑鲈的死亡原因，对濒死大口黑鲈进行临床解剖、寄生虫检测、细菌分离鉴定和虹彩病毒检测，最后诊断为锚头蚤和鰤鱼诺卡氏菌混合感染。对鱼体使用聚维酮碘进行消毒，氟苯尼考拌喂10 d后大口黑鲈基本恢复正常。     

大口黑鲈“优鲈3号”

<正>一、品种名称大口黑鲈"优鲈3号"二、品种来源大口黑鲈"优鲈1号"和2010年美国引进的大口黑鲈北方亚种。三、审定情况2018年12月通过全国水产原种和良种审定委员会审定。审定编号(GS-01-001-2018)。四、特征特性1.生长快,在人工配合饲料喂养时一龄大口黑鲈"优鲈3号"生长速(体重)比大口黑鲈"优鲈1号"平均提高17.1%,比大口黑鲈引进群体提高33.92%～38.82%。     

大口黑鲈“优鲈3号”

正一、品种名称大口黑鲈"优鲈3号"二、品种来源大口黑鲈"优鲈1号"和2010年美车引进的大口黑鲈北方亚种。三、审定情况2018年12月通过全国水产原种和良种审定委员会审定。审定编号为GS-01-001-2018。四、特征特性1.生长快。在人工配合饲料喂养时一龄大口黑鲈"优鲈3号"生长速度(体重)比大口黑鲈"优鲈1号"平均提高17.1%,比大口黑鲈引进群体提高33.92%～38.82%。2.易驯食。驯化摄食配合饲料的时间缩短,驯食成功率显著提高。     

安徽大口黑鲈成鱼高产养殖模式初步研究

<正>大口黑鲈(Micropterus salmoides)也称加州鲈,属鲈形目、太阳鱼科、鲈鱼属,原产于密西西比河水系,是一种生长快、肉质鲜美的名贵肉食性鱼类。我国台湾于20世纪70年代末从国外引进大口黑鲈,并于1983年人工繁殖获得成功。同年,大口黑鲈从我国台湾引进广东省,随后江苏、湖北、安徽等地也相继引进。现在广东省仍是加州鲈的主要产区,年产量占国内总产量的60%以上[1],华东地区包括合肥市场的加州鲈大多来自广东地区。青阳县是安徽     

池塘工程化循环水养殖大口黑鲈技术试验

建立了一种北方池塘循环水大口黑鲈(Micropterus salmoides)生态养殖模式.在跑道池内养殖大口黑鲈,跑道池与净水池塘连通,池塘净水区域养殖鲢、鳙,种植角果藻,实现养殖尾水零排放.根据大口黑鲈投放密度、规格、摄食、排便及水质理化指标等情况开启微滤机、增氧机、底排污等设施设备,进行水质调控,当氨氮≥1 mg...     

高脂或低蛋白日粮中添加发酵桑叶对大口黑鲈生长、代谢与抗氧化能力的影响

为研究发酵桑叶对大口黑鲈(Micropterus salmoides)生长、代谢与抗氧化能力的影响,选用初始体重为11 g的大口黑鲈,随机分成3组,每组4个重复。分别饲喂基础饲料、含10%桑叶高脂饲料和含10%桑叶低蛋白饲料8周。试验结果表明:同基础饲料相比,饲料中添加发酵桑叶显著抑制低蛋白组大口黑鲈的生长,而不影响高脂组大口黑鲈的生长性能。基础饲料组大口黑鲈血清中谷丙转氨酶(ALT)活性以及甘油三酯(TG)、胆固醇(CHO)和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)含量显著高于低蛋白组,与高脂组无显著差异,同时,低蛋白组血清中HDL-C/CHO和HDL-C/LDL-C比值显著高于基础饲料组和高脂组。试验组大口黑鲈血糖含量显著低于基础饲料组(P0.05)。饲料中添加发酵桑叶显著提高大口黑鲈血清中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性以及CAT/SOD比值。各组鱼体的水分、粗蛋白、粗脂肪和粗灰分含量无显著差异。由此可见,饲料中添加发酵桑叶会降低大口黑鲈血脂、血糖,增强其机体的抗氧化作用。     

黑斑口虾蛄雄性生殖系统的组织学与超微结构

黑斑口虾蛄雄性生殖系统由精巢、输精管、交接器及副性腺组成。精巢呈管状,末段较直,向前逐渐弯曲,在第七、八胸节处盘曲成耳状。输精管管壁有一层上皮细胞,但无肌细胞;输精管为精巢顶端延伸,两者管径大小很接近。交接器位于第八胸节基部,为棒状结构,连接端较软,呈膜状,可自由弯曲;游离端较硬,外有甲壳质。1对雄性副性腺位于第4～7胸节间,呈细丝状,左右末端各与同侧的输精管共同平行注入交接器中。末段精巢腔内充满着不同发育阶段的精细胞,从末段精巢向后、中、前段精巢、输精管及交接器,精细胞逐渐趋向成熟。成熟精细胞呈卵圆形,外围厚膜,大小约8.5μm×7.0μm,无鞭毛,未发现有顶体结构。     

Effect of Light Intensity on Color Performance of False Clownfish,Amphiprion ocellaris Cuvier

Color performance of false clownfish, Amphiprion ocellaris Cuvier, was examined under three levels of light intensity (20–50 , 600–850 , and 2700–3500 lx) for 5 wk. The experiment was conducted in nine rectangular glass aquaria (25 × 25 × 20 cm) with three replicates. Each aquarium was stocked with 36 fish, and 3 fish were randomly sampled from each aquarium every other week. Digital images were taken weekly on each individual fish after it was anesthetized in MS‐222. The color performance in hue, saturation, and brightness was quantified using image analysis. In addition to the whole‐body analysis, each fish image was divided into ventral and dorsal parts to assess the body position‐dependent effect. Furthermore, color differences between dorsal fin, anal fin, ventral fin, and caudal fin were also quantified. The whole body was brighter at low light than at medium or at high light intensity. Irrespective of light intensity, the dorsal side was more orange but less bright than the ventral side. Brighter light strengthened overall orange color on fish fins. The dorsal fin and ventral fins appeared more orange than the anal and caudal fins regardless of light intensity and exposure duration. Similar to body color, low light also led to brighter fins, especially for caudal and dorsal fins. Our results indicate that ambient light could regulate fish color performance but could not change the pigment dominance by β‐carotene. Light intensity is unlikely to change the contrast between dorsal and ventral sides, but dim light tends to make fish body brighter, and bright light strengthens orange color on fins.     

Impact of Background on Color Performance of False Clownfish,Amphiprion ocellaris,Cuvier

Color performance of false clownfish, Amphiprion ocellaris, Cuvier was first examined at four color backgrounds (blue, green red, and white) for 4 wk, then all fish were transferred to a white background for another 4 wk to test whether the impact of background colors on fish skin could have a lasting effect when the environment colors are changed. The experiment was conducted in 10‐L rectangular plastic buckets with three replicates. Thirty fish were stocked in each bucket and three fish were randomly sampled from each tank in Weeks 1, 4, and 8. The color hue, saturation, and brightness were quantified using image analysis. In addition to the whole body analysis, each fish image was divided into ventral and dorsal parts to examine the body position‐dependent response. Furthermore, color differences among the dorsal fin, anal fin, ventral fin, and caudal fin were also quantified. Blue or green background enhanced red orange color on fish skin, whereas white background made fish color brighter. Irrespective of background color, the dorsal side of fish exhibited more red orange, but the color was less bright and less saturated than that of ventral side. Upper fins (dorsal and caudal fins) were more red orange in a blue background than in a white background. Transferring fish from colored backgrounds to a white background made the fish skin and fins brighter, the color of ventral body and ventral fins less saturated, and the bottom fins more yellow orange. The results indicate that blue or green background could strengthen the orange color, whereas white background made fish color less saturated but brighter. The impact of background on the performance of fish color is temporary and likely to disappear when environmental color changes.     

美洲鲥仔稚鱼脊柱及附肢骨骼系统的早期发育

使用软骨-硬骨双染色技术,描述了美洲鲥(Alosa sapidissima)仔稚鱼(1~51日龄)脊柱、胸鳍、尾鳍、背鳍等附肢骨骼的形态发育特征。结果显示,脊柱的发育开始于10日龄仔鱼尾部的髓弓、脉弓和尾下骨的出现,16日龄髓弓和脉弓延伸形成髓棘和脉棘,19日龄脊柱出现分节的硬骨环,23日龄所有椎体形成。各附鳍支鳍骨发育顺序先后依次为胸鳍、尾鳍、背鳍、臀鳍和腹鳍。胸鳍在2日龄时出现乌喙骨,13日龄形成软骨质的胸鳍支鳍骨,19日龄仔鱼肩带和上匙骨开始骨化;尾鳍的尾下骨最早出现在5日龄,12日龄尾鳍形成2枚尾上骨、1枚尾杆骨和6枚尾下骨,19日龄仔鱼尾椎和尾鳍率先开始骨化,直至23日龄尾鳍骨骼系统钙化完全。最终背鳍和臀鳍分别形成18和22根鳍条。美洲鲥骨骼发育研究对其早期发育功能趋向、环境优化及分类鉴定有重要作用。     

An accessory lateral line in some New Zealand and Australian galaxiids (Teleostei: Galaxiidae)

Abstract— Many New Zealand and Australian galaxiids have bilateral accessory lateral lines along the dorso-lateral trunk that consist of widely spaced neuromasts from head to dorsal fin. Dietary studies show that many species feed extensively on terrestrial foods. Some of them are also nocturnally active. The accessory lateral line may assist these fish in locating terrestrial foods at the surface of the water, and perhaps in avoiding predators. Species that lack the accessory lateral line are principally diurnal, mid-water, shoaling species, or small, slender, cryptic, riffle-dwellers.     

Nutritional parameters of dorsal and ventral fillets in summer and winter from farmed yellowtail kingfish Seriola lalandi (Valenciennes, 1833)

The nutritional profile of dorsal and ventral portions of fillets from farmed yellowtail kingfish (YTK) (Seriola lalandi, Valenciennes, 1833) was assessed in winter and summer months to evaluate if there were differential distributions of proximate constituents, fatty acid composition and mineral content seasonally and through the dorso‐ventral axis. The proximate composition of YTK fillets varied between the two anatomical locations examined. In particular, a relatively large variation was observed in crude fat content, which decreased significantly from ventral to dorsal portions of the fillet and was inversely proportional to moisture and protein content. Higher crude fat content was also observed in the fish sampled in summer, compared to those sampled in winter. The omega 3/6 ratio remained constant between fillet portions but was significantly different between seasons (summer > winter). The index of nutritional quality for EPA and DHA was markedly different regarding to fillet portion and season (summer > winter, ventral > dorsal), and significant differences in the levels of potassium, phosphorus, magnesium and iron were also evident between the seasons examined. This study clearly shows differences in nutritional profiles of fillets from farmed YTK in South Australia relative to anatomical location and season. The increase in knowledge gained from this study may lead to improved farm management practices of YTK, which may extend to other commercially relevant species to enhance the production of premium farmed products.     

Quality improvement by vacuum treatment of boiled skipjack loins for the production of dried skipjack

ABSTRACT: This study attempted to reduce the lipid and water contents in boiled skipjack loins by vacuum treatment and the quality of vacuumed boiled meat was then evaluated during the chilled and frozen storage. The boiled meats were vacuumed at a pressure of 400 Pa for 30 min using a vacuum freeze dryer as an experimental convenience in order to degrease, cool and dehydrate rapidly. The vacuumed boiled meats were stored at 0.0 ± 0.2°C for 10 days and at −20 ± 0.5°C for 90 days. The unvacuumed boiled meats were cooled by air-cooling and stored as the control. Lipid content on a wet basis (w.b.) was reduced as much as 0.5% in the ventral part and 0.4% in the dorsal part of the boiled meats after vacuum treatment. Water content (w.b.) was reduced as much as 2.5% in the ventral part and 3.0% in the dorsal part. The thiobarbituric acid and volatile basic nitrogen values in vacuumed boiled meats were significantly lower ( P < 0.05) than that in unvacuumed boiled meats during storage. Inosine monophosphate (IMP) was only detected as a major nucleotide (about 70%) in boiled meats, and the decomposition of IMP in vacuumed boiled meats was smaller than that in unvacuumed boiled meats during storage. It was concluded that the quality of boiled skipjack loins could be improved by vacuum treatment as a preprocessing procedure in the production of dried skipjack such as katsuobushi .     

Factors influencing half‐pearl (mabe) production and quality in the red abalone Haliotis rufescens

The factors influencing half‐pearl (mabe) production in the red abalone Haliotis rufescens were investigated, as a strategy to optimize the technology for the development of a pearling industry in Chile. The effects of abalone size (small, large), implant position (dorsal, central, ventral and their combinations), and number of nuclei (one, two, three) were analysed on the quantity, thickness of the nacre layer and quality (shape, colour, lustre, defects) of the mabe produced. The size of abalone did not exert a clear influence on the quantity and quality of mabe, but the position on the shell (firstly) and number of nuclei (secondly) did. More mabe, with thicker nacre, brighter lustre and fewer defects occurred in small or large abalone implanted with only one nucleus on dorsal position. In contrast, small and large abalone implanted in the ventral position formed less mabe, with thinner nacre, poor lustre and more defects. This likely occurs because mantle tissue folds at the ventral position and does not always cover the nucleus, leaving it partially or totally exposed. Most of the pearls were categories AA in small abalone and A in large abalone; only three AAA gems were produced in large abalone with one nucleus on dorsal position or with three nuclei (DCV). Based on these results, we recommend implanting abalone at 60–100 mm shell length, with only one nucleus on the dorsal position.     

乌鳢抽出物成分的研究

分析了乌鳢(Channaargus)即杀后背肉、腹肉、尾部肉、肝脏、生殖腺中ATP关联化合物、游离氨基酸、多胺、糖元及糖酵解中间代谢物、有机酸等的含量。ATP关联化合物在肌肉中的总量为7.5～8.0μmol·g-1。ATP在背肉含量为3.9μmol·g-1,腹肉为4.1μmol·g-1,尾部肉为4.7μmol·g-1。运动激烈的尾部肉ATP占63%,含量相当高。肝脏中有少量的腺苷与肌苷酸一起被检出,据此可认为ATP的分解存在两个途径。游离氨基酸总量在背肉中为436.0mg·(100g)-1,腹肉中为405.0mg·(100g)-1,尾部肉中为356.3mg·(100g)-1。牛磺酸和甘氨酸为主要氨基酸,占68%～73%。丙氨酸和谷氨酸也相当高的含量检出。肌肉中的多胺检出为精胺和亚精胺,肝脏和生殖腺中有较高浓度的腐胺及亚精胺和精胺检出。即杀后糖元的量约占肌肉的0.5%,还有相当多的葡萄糖和6磷酸葡萄糖的糖酵解中间代谢物以及其最终产物乳酸的大量检出。     

短蛸外套膜和足甲硫氨酸脑啡肽的免疫组织化学定位

采用免疫组织化学SABC法对短蛸外套膜和足中甲硫氨酸脑啡肽(met-Enk)进行定位研究。试验结果表明,短蛸外套膜、腕、腕间膜、漏斗中均有met-Enk存在,外套膜背面、腕和腕间膜上皮组织及其附近的部分细胞和神经纤维呈met-Enk强阳性或阳性;外套膜腹面和漏斗上皮组织及其附近的部分细胞和神经纤维呈met-Enk阳性或弱阳性。met-Enk在短蛸外套膜和足不同部位分布密度的不同,可能与各部位的功能不同有关。