幽灵捕捞的现状分析与国内外研究进展

废弃渔具(ALDFG)像幽灵一样长期在海洋中飘荡,导致一些海洋生物被网具缠绕而死,对渔业资源造成持续危害,形成“幽灵捕捞”现象。废弃渔具类型主要包括陷阱、刺网、拖网等。通过探讨造成幽灵捕捞的原因,总结了幽灵捕捞的现状和国内外研究进展;针对容易形成幽灵捕捞的渔具种类,介绍了ALDFG的结构与捕捞作业机理,阐述了陷阱、刺网、拖网等的幽灵捕捞过程,并对各种渔具造成的幽灵捕捞的影响进行了评估。最后总结目前对幽灵捕捞渔具的预防和应对措施,提出了减少幽灵捕捞的方法和建议。     

深水怪延绳立式组钓渔具技术

延绳立式组钓渔具是捕捞优质鱼的先进渔具。本文介绍了该种渔具的主要构成，钓具的结构及特点以及技术关键。     

渔具,渔具材料标准化研究现状及存在问题的探讨

渔具、渔具材料标准化研究一直是捕捞学研究的课题。截止到目前为止,渔具、渔具材料专业共发布和实施了49项标准,其中国家标准16项,作者就渔具、渔具材料标准化现状及存在的问题进行探讨。     

鄱阳湖鱼类捕捞规格及渔具渔法调查与建议

对鄱阳湖鱼类捕捞过程中所使用的渔具种类及渔获物情况进行了调查和分析，提出捕捞规格和渔具渔法改进的建议。     

深水层延绳立式组钓渔具技术

延绳立式组钓渔具是捕捞优质鱼的先进渔具。本文介绍了该种渔具的主要构成、钓具的结构及特点以及技术关键。     

冰岛海洋捕捞渔船和渔具概述

本文全面概述冰岛海洋捕捞渔船和渔具,内容包括:捕捞船队、渔具和选择性装置。     

黄渤海主要作业类型渔具的渔业资源利用

为了解黄渤海主要捕捞渔具对渔业资源的利用状况,2009年对张网、拖网和刺网等渔具类型的主要渔具种类开展了渔获结构和捕捞能力调查。结果表明,黄渤海的渔业生产以秋汛为主,张网、拖网和陷阱类渔具网目尺寸小,渔获选择I生差,大量捕捞小黄鱼0带鱼、蓝点马鲛和银鲳等传统经济鱼类当年发生的补充群体,幼鱼比例高。相比而言,刺网的网目尺寸大,渔获选择性强,渔获质量好,幼鱼比例低。建议将黄渤海渔具准入的最小网目尺寸暂定为5．5cm,待今后渔业资源结构发生变化和渔获上岸监管体系完善后再作分类调整。     

南海区海洋渔具发展的主要问题

本文从捕捞强度、渔业资源状况，渔具网目尺寸，破坏性渔具，渔业副渔获等方面评述了南海区海洋渔具发展中存在的主要问题，为今后进行渔具改革和管理提供了有力的依据。     

带鱼生产的渔具调配与捕捞方法

带鱼是目前底拖网生产的主要经济品种,其分布之广,变化之大常使一些船长感到头痛,特别是在群船一起生产因渔具调配不当或捕捞方法不利而使网产与群船相差悬殊时,更使船长焦躁不安。因此,很多船长渴望能得到这方面的知识。现根据本人30多年的海上生产实践和总结本公司部分船长的生产经验,对生产带鱼的底拖网渔具调配与捕捞方法,分三个捕捞阶段(即越冬期、产卵洄游期、产卵和索饵期)进行介绍。     

鱼笼的人口形状和捕鱼性能

鱼笼结构简单,通过使用的笼数可以改变渔业规模,在全世界得到使用。从有效利用资源的观点来说,渔笼也是利用价值高的渔具,鱼笼以鱼类为捕捞对象,日本鱼笼大多数以东方纯为捕捞对象,广泛流行于山阴和九州沿岸。关于渔笼的研究(多数以蟹、虾为中心的甲壳类为捕捞对象)有：笼的结构与渔获量的关系;     

台湾北部渔场中上层鱼类开发利用的渔具渔法

本文根据对台湾北部渔场中上层鱼类为期三年的生产性探捕试验结果,着重分析了莆田市现有灯光围网作业渔船采用的渔具渔法在该渔场的适应情况和生产性探捕试验的经济效益。指出了该渔场中上层鱼类的渔期、中心渔场位置和渔获组成。     

Fishing operations and adaptive strategies of small‐scale fishers: insights for fisheries management in data‐poor situations

Small‐scale fisheries' management is complex given its multigear, multispecies nature; despite this, fishing effort has usually been controlled by nominal units, ignoring changes in effective fishing effort. This study aimed to understand the adaptive strategies of small‐scale fishers in San Felipe, Yucatan, Mexico through an analysis of their fishing operations. Minor changes in trip numbers among three seasons were observed, but increases in fishing time, depth and travel costs from one season to another at the operational level were found. It was also evident that high value species at the beginning of the season were gradually replaced by low‐value finfish as the season progresses. The results provide insights for new adaptive management strategies according to fisher's adaptive responses. For instance, using boats or fishing trips as fishing effort units in Yucatan may not be the most appropriated unit for management, as fishers adapt their strategies at different levels.     

尼罗罗非鱼行为习性及其捕捞渔具的设计

尼罗罗非鱼(OreochromisniloticaL.)属热带性鱼类,为我国1978年从国外引进的优良海淡水养殖对象,具有食性杂、生长速度快、肉质鲜美、经济价值高等优点[1]。目前已在我国数个省、市开展养殖。尼罗罗非鱼性喜群游,其最适生长水温为24～32℃,水温降至14℃时,活动迟缓,停止摄食,水温降至12℃以下时便逐渐死亡[2]。因此,在我国北方地区养殖的尼罗罗非鱼,一般在严冬前开始进行捕捞。水温达到20℃以上时,雄鱼会在池边或者池底挖洞,当遇到外界刺激或拉网捕捞受惊后,便潜入洞中或软泥中。尼罗罗非鱼的这一行为习性给捕捞造成很大困难,因此各地一般…     

几何相似原理在过滤性渔具网目选择性研究中的应用

利用几何相似原理将传统的过滤性渔具选择性曲线转化为选择性曲面。运用选择性方程，并假设不同网目大小的渔具对相同尺寸渔获个体的渔获服从多项分布后，对过滤性渔具的网目选择性建立模型。使用极大似然估计法对模型进行拟合，同时，通过假设检验对模型进行简化。使用平行作业法试验条件下的张网渔具的黄鲫(Setipinrm taty)渔获数据进行模型拟合。结果显示，所建模型可以在没有对照网的情况下估算出各不同网目大小网囊的选择率，并同样适用于套网法试验条件下的选择性分析。模型的建立为今后进行过滤性渔具网目选择性试验方法改革提供了理论参考。通过与SELECT模型比较，认为模型使用选择性方程并区分渔获能力和捕捞努力量使得模型更具普遍性。     

Estimates of fishing gear loss rates at a global scale: A literature review and meta‐analysis

Abandoned, lost or otherwise discarded fishing gear (ALDFG) represents a significant, yet ultimately unknown amount of global marine debris, with serious environmental and socioeconomic impacts. This study reviews 68 publications from 1975 to 2017 that contain quantitative information about fishing gear losses. Gear loss estimates reported by the studies ranged widely, with all net studies reviewed reporting annual gear loss rates from 0% to 79.8%, all trap studies reporting gear loss rates from 0% to 88%, and all line studies reporting gear loss rates from 0.1% to 79.2%. Information obtained from this review was used to perform a meta‐analysis that provides the first synthetic, statistically robust estimates of global fishing gear losses. The meta‐analysis estimates global fishing gear losses for different major gear types. We estimate that 5.7% of all fishing nets, 8.6% of all traps, and 29% of all lines are lost around the world each year. Furthermore, we identified key gear characteristics, operational aspects and environmental contexts that influence gear loss. These estimates can be used to support sustainable fisheries development through informing risk assessments for fisheries and monitoring and assessment efforts to reduce gear losses.     

对印度尼西亚海域中国渔船使用拖网渔具的分析和探讨

本文探讨了中国渔船在印度尼西亚海域使用的拖网渔具,从渔具使用规格、缩结状态和结构等方面进行了分析,指出这类渔具在浅水渔场捕捞带鱼时有良好适应性,但局部配纲不当,网具贴底程度未达到最佳状态。由于网目大,有些局部改革可能导致敏感的负面反应。作者认为,这类网具今后的改革应着眼于提高拖速,以增加对某些优质鱼的兼捕比例。     

阿曼苏丹渔场捕捞乌贼渔具改进的探讨

报道了山东圣海渔业集团公司渔轮赴阿曼苏丹渔场生产中有关渔具使用研究的情况 ,简述了渔场自然环境 ,目前应用的捕捞乌贼效果较好的网具主要参数 ,重点探讨了渔具改进的主要措施。     

秘鲁沿岸秘鲁鳀渔场及渔汛分析

秘鲁鳀(Engraulis ringens)是栖息于东南太平洋沿岸的小型中上层鱼类,了解秘鲁鳀渔场和渔汛的状况有助于渔情预报工作的开展进而实现资源的合理利用。利用2005~2014年秘鲁各港口的上岸量数据,以上岸量(landings)、总捕捞努力量(fishing effort)和单位捕捞努力量渔获量(CPUE)为指标分析秘鲁鳀渔场分布及渔汛;结合二因素方差分析(two-factor analysis of variance)探究渔场月份和纬度上的显著性差异;利用分位数的方法,找出各年的旺汛时间。研究表明,每年的4~6月和11~12月为秘鲁鳀的主汛期;主要的捕捞区域分布在7°S~13°S;渔汛的前中期,上岸量和捕捞努力量有着明显的年间差异,而CPUE在渔汛后期年间差异明显。方差分析表明,不同月份和不同纬度对捕捞努力量[ln(effort+1)]有极显著的影响(P0.01);5月为一年中最主要的捕捞阶段。旺汛期分析表明,第一渔汛阶段的旺汛一般在5月出现,而第二渔汛阶段的旺汛一般在11月出现。研究结果有助于对秘鲁沿岸秘鲁鳀渔场及渔汛的认识。     

Factors influencing fish catch levels on Kenya's coral reefs

Abstract  The factors influencing fish catches on Kenya's coral reefs were studied. Catch data were collected at the species level by counting the number of fish landed at each landing site of each fishing ground. Live coral cover, topographic complexity, fish and sea urchin density, and the number of fishers and gear units used in each fishing ground were compared with catch data. Fishing grounds included one location where only basket traps were allowed, six locations where all gear types were used except beach seines, and three locations where all types of gear, including beach seines, were used. Catch and effort variables were similar across the fishing grounds whereas live coral cover and sea urchin density differed ( P  < 0.01). The sites fished by all types of gear including beach seines had the lowest coral cover (8.4 ± 0.9%) and topographic complexity (1.12 ± 0.01). Catch levels were positively correlated with the number of fishers and fish density but not with the number of gear units deployed or sea urchin density. The number of fishers and live coral cover were the strongest factors determining total catch levels. The results suggest that high levels of fishing effort coupled with the use of destructive gear types, exacerbate the effects of overfishing on Kenya's reefs.