山胡椒叶片次生代谢产物抑菌活性大小分析

分别以甲醇、丙酮、水为提取剂,提取山胡椒叶片的次生代谢产物,并测定3种不同提取液的次生代谢产物含量及体外抑菌效果,评价山胡椒的药用价值,为山胡椒的进一步开发利用提供理论依据。实验结果表明,不同提取液中次生代谢产物含量均是黄酮>鞣质>游离蒽醌>皂甙>生物碱;3种提取液的次生代谢产物含量及抑菌活性存在较大差异,不同提取液对枯草芽孢杆菌的抑菌活性要高于大肠杆菌、水可作为山胡椒叶片次生代谢产物的良好提取剂。通径分析表明,影响不同提取液对枯草芽孢杆菌的抑菌活性的次生代谢产物主要是总黄酮和总皂甙,影响提取液对大肠杆菌抑菌活性的次生代谢产物主要是总皂甙。     

Antimicrobial activity of Bridelia ferruginea leaves extracts

Methanol, ethyl acetate, and hexane extracts of Bridelia ferruginea leaves exhibited significant activity against Pseudomonas frutescens, Bacillus subtilis, Echerichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus faecalis.     

Antimicrobial and antifungal activity of crude extracts and isolated saponins from Astragalus verrucosus

The antimicrobial and antifungal properties of several crude extracts and pure saponins, astraverrucins I-VI, from the aerial parts of Astragalus verrucosus were investigated by the disc diffusion method. Antimycotic activity was observed on more polar extracts, but only one saponin showed an appreciable activity.     

Analgesic activity of the roots and leaves extracts of Calliandra portoricensis

The analgesic activity of the methanolic extracts of the roots and leaves of Calliandra portoricensis was investigated in mice and rats using acetic acid-induced writhing and formalin tests. The extracts given orally at the doses of 200, 400, 600 mg/kg showed a dose-dependent activity in the tests used.     

Antimicrobial activity of crude extracts and pure compounds of Hypericum hircinum

The antimicrobial activity of the n-hexane (H) and chloroform (C) extracts, the methanol extract (M) and its ethyl acetate (E) and n-butanol (B) fractions, and six isolated constituents of the aerial parts of Hypericum hircinum was investigated using an agar diffusion method. The maximum activity was exhibited by the methanolic extract against Staphylococcus aureus, while all pure constituents showed no antimicrobial activity against the tested microorganisms.     

三种木莲叶片提取物成分及其抑制氧自由基活性研究

用有机溶剂萃取法从三种木莲叶片中分离获得的提取物,经GC/MS进行成分分析和定量测定.再进行抗氧自由基活性测定.从红花木莲(Manglietia insignis (Wall) Blume)、桂南木莲(Manglietia chingii Dandy)和乳源木莲(Manglietia yuyuanensis Law)中分别鉴定出21、36和20种化合物,其中11种成分为三种木莲所共有,12种成分为两种木莲所共有.各成分的相对含量为红花木莲:萜烯类化物38.93%,烷烃类28.18%,含氮化合物15.73%,芳香族化合物7.23%.桂南木莲:萜烯类30.22%,酸类14.17%,烷烃类13.87%,芳香族化合物13.29%;乳源木莲:醇类28.00%,萜烯类25.38%,芳香族化合物18.00%. 研究结果还表明,三种木莲的提取物均有较强的抑制氧自由基的功能.在稀释100倍时,抑制超氧阴离子活力最强,稀释20倍时,抑制羟自由基活力达最大.本研究结果为进一步探索三种木莲的保健功能提供科学依据.图1表5参15.     

Free radical scavenging activity of extracts prepared from fresh leaves of selected Chinese medicinal plants

The free radical scavenging activity of the 80% methanolic extracts from fresh leaves of 300 Chinese medical woody plants was assessed with the aid of the stable DPPH radical. Among the plants screened, 56 species had strong free radical scavenging capacities, with IC50 values lower than 0.5 mg leaves per milliliter. Analysis of the medical uses of these plants showed that most of them are employed for their effects on hemostasis, as anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial or for treatment of dysentery. These uses may be directly linked to the content in tannins and flavonoids and consequently to their free radical scavenging activities.     

Free radical scavenging activity of different extracts and some constituents from the leaves of Ligustrum vulgare and L. delavayanum

The free radical scavenging activity of the water infusions, different organic solvent extracts and some constituents from Ligustrum vulgare and Ligustrum delavayanum leaves was assessed with the aid of DPPH radical. Among the samples screened, water infusions had the strongest free radical scavenging capacity. From the tested compounds scavenging active flavonoid aglycones are present in the most active chloroform fractions from both leaves samples.     

对节白蜡树叶乙酸乙酯提取物的GC-MS分析及其结构初探

为了研究对节白蜡的抗病原因,以探寻新的生物农药,在前期有关对节白蜡树叶提取物杀菌活性研究的基础上,对其乙酸乙酯提取物及柱层析分离组分进行了GC-MS分析,初步确认了各组分所含化合物的可能结构。结果表明:乙酸乙酯提取物中面积归一含量超过1%的化合物组分有18个,其中3号化合物的面积归一含量为17.13%,其结构为4-羟苯基乙醇;经过柱层析分离后各组分所含化合物要相对集中和更加纯化些,其中组分A所含物质主要有两个,化合物4-羟苯基乙醇的含量达到了81.3%,这是相对比较纯的物质;作者据其已有的相关研究结果(组分A整体表现出的杀菌活性要优于其他组分)分析认为,4-羟苯基乙醇作为对节白蜡树叶中所含的重要化合物,在对节白蜡的抗病方面起到了重要作用。     

Preliminary analysis of the antinociceptive activity of zerumbone

We have investigated the antinociceptive activity of zerumbone (1), a natural cyclic sesquiterpene isolated from Zingiber zerumbet Smith, in acetic acid-induced abdominal writhing test and hot plate test in mice. 1 given by intraperitoneal route produced significant dose-dependent antinociceptive effect in all the test models used. In addition, the antinociceptive effect of 1 in the hot plate test was reversed by the non-selective opioid receptor antagonist naloxone, suggesting that the opioid system is involved in its analgesic mechanism of action.     

Chemical constituents of Lychnophora pohlii and trypanocidal activity of crude plant extracts and of isolated compounds

Crude extracts of Lychnophora pohlii were tested in vitro against trypomastigote forms of Trypanosoma cruzi, and the dichloromethane and methanol crude extracts from leaves plus inflorescences were found to have trypanocidal activity. The bioassay-guided fractionation of the extracts yielded seven active compounds: the sesquiterpene lactones lychnopholide, centratherin, goyazensolide and 15-desoxygoyazensolide in the dichloromethane extract, and caffeic acid and the flavonoids luteolin and vicenin-2 in the methanol extract. One active caffeoyl quinic acid derivative was isolated from the inactive hydroalcoholic extract of leaves plus inflorescences. Chemically, the plant has sesquiterpene lactone type furanoheliangolides, flavonoids, caffeic acid, a caffeoyl quinic acid derivative, which are characteristic of the Vernonieae.     

液相制备油茶叶提取物组分及其结构鉴定

为了综合开发利用油茶资源,对油茶叶提取物的组分进行了制备和鉴定。将经过大孔树脂和柱分离纯化收集的组分II、III和VIII等油茶叶提取物3个组分进行了HPLC制备,得到了8个纯度较高的化合物,通过薄层显色、高清晰质谱和NMR,鉴定了其中4个化合物为:二氢白藜芦醇(1)、槲皮素(3)、槲皮素-3-鼠李糖苷(6)、1-(3′,5′-二甲氧基)苯基2-[4″-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基(6→1)-O-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖基]苯乙烷(8),其中槲皮素和槲皮素-3-鼠李糖苷是油茶中最常见的2个黄酮类物质,1-(3′,5′-二甲氧基)苯基2-[4′′-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基(6→1)-O-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖基]苯乙烷为第2次报道,但提取率远高于首次报道,二氢白藜芦醇在山茶属植物中属首次报道。     

Cytotoxic activity of extracts from Linum cell cultures

Callus and suspension cultures of Linum narbonense and Linum leonii were developed to study the production of lignans and their cytotoxic activity. Justicidin B was determined to be the main lignan. The maximal yield of justicidin B up to 2.22 mg/g of the cell dry weight was detected in the callus cultures of L. leonii, followed by the callus cultures of L. narbonense (1.57 mg/g dwt). The cytotoxicity of the obtained extracts was measured using the MTT-dye assay. L. narbonense and L. leonii both showed cytotoxic activity.     

5种药用植物提取液对杨树灰斑病抑菌活性研究

为筛选出对杨树灰斑病菌具有抑制作用的中草药抑菌活性物质,采用3次浸渍提取法对丁香、肉桂、厚朴、毛茛、兴安白芷5种中草药进行提取,采用生长速率法和孢子萌发法,测定了提取液对菌丝生长和孢子萌发的影响。结果表明,5种药用植物提取液对杨树灰斑病原菌均有不同程度的抑制作用,其中丁香、肉桂、兴安白芷提取物对病原菌的菌丝生长抑制效果较好,丁香提取液浓度在16 mg/mL时,对病菌菌丝生长抑制率可达到98.02%,同样浓度的肉桂、兴安白芷提取液抑制率也可达到91%以上;5种药用植物提取液对孢子萌发抑制作用强于对菌丝生长的抑制作用,其中丁香、毛茛对病原菌的孢子萌发抑制效果最好。说明5种药用植物75%乙醇提取液中含有抗菌成分,为生物防治杨树灰斑病提供参考。     

Evaluation of the antinociceptive activity of Ficus deltoidea aqueous extract

The aqueous extract of Ficus deltoidea leaves was evaluated for possible antinociceptive activity in three models of nociception, namely, acetic acid-induced abdominal writhing, formalin and hot plate test. The results of the present study showed that intraperitoneal administration of the F. deltoidea leaves aqueous extract at the dose of 1, 50 and 100 mg/kg, 30 min prior to pain induction produced significant dose-dependent antinociceptive effect in all the models used, which indicating the presence of both central and peripherally mediated activities. Furthermore, the antinociceptive effect of the extract in the formalin and hot plate test was reversed by the non-selective opioid receptor antagonist naloxone suggesting that the endogenous opioid system is involved in its analgesic mechanism of action. Thus, the present results demonstrated that F. deltoidea leaves aqueous extract contains pharmacologically active constituents which possess antinociceptive activity justifying its popular therapeutic use in treating conditions associated with the painful conditions.     

Anti-plasmodial activity of the extracts and two sesquiterpenes from Cyperus articulatus

Two sesquiterpenes, corymbolone and mustakone, isolated from the chloroform extract of the rhizomes of Cyperus articulatus, exhibited significant anti-plasmodial properties. Mustakone was approximately ten times more active than corymbolone against the sensitive strains of the Plasmodium falciparum.     

Antibacterial activity of plant extracts from Brazilian southeast region

A screening was conducted with 26 plants collected in the Brazilian southeast region, to identify plant extracts with antibacterial properties against Aeromonas hydrophila, Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus. Initially, the agar diffusion method was employed. Then, those extracts presenting activity were submitted to a broth microdilution assay to determine the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC). It was observed that 13 of the tested extracts showed antibacterial activity. The best results were obtained with those from Lantana lilacina and Phyllanthus tenellus.     

Antitrypsin activity of extracts from Ecballium elaterium seeds.

The antitrypsin activity of extracts obtained from two different seed types of Ecballium elaterium, was tested in vitro. The presence of trypsin inhibitors in three chromatographed samples for each extract, showed a strong and specific antitrypsin activity.     

Anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive activities of Loasa speciosa in rats and mice

In the range of doses of 250-500 mg/kg (given i.p.) the aqueous extract of Loasa speciosa leaves showed an inhibitory effect on leukocyte migration, and a reduction on the pleural exudate, as well as dose-dependent anti-inflammatory and peripheral antinociceptive activities.     

Antioxidant activity and constituents of extracts from the root of Garcinia multiflora

The methanolic extract of the root of Garcinia multiflora and its derived soluble fractions, namely those soluble in ethyl acetate (EtOAc), n-butanol, and water, were screened for their antioxidant activities. Among them, the EtOAc-soluble fraction exhibited the highest scavenging activity against the 1,1-dipheny1,2-picrylhydrazyl radical, the highest superoxide radical scavenging activity, and the strongest reducing power. In addition, according to the bioactivity-guided isolation, 26 specific phytocompounds, including 3 aromatics, 3 benzophenones, 3 flavonoids, 3 isocoumarins, 1 phloroglucinol, 6 steroids, and 7 xanthones, were isolated from the EtOAc-soluble fraction and identified. Of these, 2,4,3′,4′-tetrahydroxy-6-methoxybenzophenone and 1,3,6,7-tetrahydroxyxanthone were found to be the major bioactive constituents, present in the crude extract in concentrations of 3.9 and 15.6 mg/g, respectively. These two compounds had similar antioxidant activities to (+)-catechin, a well-known antioxidant.