小麦品种苏麦3号抗赤病基因的染色体定位研究

本研究以苏麦３号为染色体供体，一套“中国春”小麦单体系列分别作为受体和轮回母本，连续加交４次，并建立两套独立转育的重复系，对赤霉病抗性进行了染色体定位研究。结果表明，重复系Ｉ中，苏麦３号染色体２Ｂ、３Ｂ和６Ｂ与赤霉病性有关；重复系Ⅱ中，染色体７Ａ、２Ｂ、３Ｂ和６Ｂ与赤霉病抗性有关。由此推断，苏麦３号的的抗性基因位于染色体２Ｂ、３Ｂ和６Ｂ上，染色体７Ａ是否具有抗性基因，还有待于进一步证实。２Ｄ染色体     

平湖剑子麦、洪湖大太宝、崇阳红麦、延岗坊主、万年2号抗赤霉病性基因分析

本试验将抗性组分分析法与单体分析法相结合,进行了小麦抗性基因染色体定位和抗性评价。结果表明,平湖剑子麦是抗性较稳定的中抗至抗病品种,其抗性基因涉及6D、7A、3B、5B和6B 等染色体。洪湖大太宝抗性基因和感病基因并存,是一个中抗偏感或中感品种。崇阳红麦属感病品种。延岗坊主的抗性基因位于染色体3A 上,感病基因位于5D 上,是一个中抗品种.万年2号麦穗前期抗病基因位于4D 和5A 上,是中抗品种。两种方法结合研究多基因控制的赤霉病抗性,能获得比较准确的结果和较多的遗传信息。     

望水白和苏麦3号构建的DH群体赤霉病抗性比较

利用抗病品种望水白和苏麦3号分别与感病品种Alondra’s杂交，F1花药培养诱导单倍体，经染色体加倍构建了2个DH群体。2001－2003年连续3年在赤霉病常发重病区福建省建阳市进行了赤霉病抗性鉴定。通过聚类分析把2个DH群体分成稳定的抗病DH系、稳定的感病DH系、稳定的中抗DH系以及抗性不稳DH系4类，4种类型在2个DH群体中的比例     

小麦抗病性遗传——Ⅳ.抗条锈小麦品系绿7蚰和抗叶锈小麦品种Yantar的抗病基因定位研究

用引自南斯拉夫的一套诺维萨特早熟1号(Novosadska Rana 1,简称 NSR-1)单体系为工具,对北京农业大学选育的抗条锈品系绿7蚰和保加利亚抗叶锈品种 Yantar 进行抗病基因定位研究。结果表明绿7蚰对条中25号小种的抗性是由位于2B 染色体上的一个显性抗病基因控制的。Yantar 对叶中3号小种的抗性是由位于5A 和1D 染色体上的两个不     

小麦赤霉病与DON积累的抗性及其相关SSR位点差异

以禾谷镰刀菌(Fusarium graminearum Schwabe)菌株进行穗部喷雾和单花滴注接种,评价了10个小麦抗源的赤霉病和脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇(DON)积累抗性。结果表明,望水白、苏麦3号、延岗坊主、繁60096属于高抗品种,Frontana表现感病,其余品种表现中抗。除Frontata外,所有抗源DON含量在3 mg/kg以下。不同接种方法间、不同致病菌株间的病小穗率和DON含量以及同一处理内的病小穗率和DON含量间呈极显著相关。利用与已报道的赤霉病抗性QTL相关SSR引物对供试材料进行PCR扩增,比较扩增产物等位位点的差异,除4B染色体的GWM113标记外,其余标记在品种间具有2~8个等位位点,多态信息含量为0.14~0.85。单倍型分析表明,延岗坊主具有与望水白一致的3B主效QTL的SSR标记位点,扬麦158和新中长分别在2D和4B上具有多个与武汉1号一致的抗性QTL相关SSR位点,翻山小麦在3B和6B上具有多个与苏麦3号或望水白一致的抗性QTL相关SSR位点,繁60096在2D上有多个与武汉1号一致的QTL相关SSR标记,而镇麦7459和温州红和尚与已报道的小麦赤霉病抗性多数SSR位点不一致,可能具有不同的抗性基因。     

小麦品种赤霉病抗性的遗传研究

利用8个不同抗性小麦品种双列杂交的F1及其亲本,以赤霉病病粒率为抗性指标,研究了小麦赤霉病抗性的遗传。结果表明,参试品种间存在3～4对赤霉病抗性基因的差异,苏麦3号、宁麦9号和扬麦158具有较多控制赤霉病抗性遗传的显性基因,对于减少它们杂交后代的病粒率有较高的一般配合力。小麦赤霉病抗性符合加性-显性模型。赤霉     

抗白粉病兼抗赤霉病小麦新品种(系)的抗病性鉴定和利用评价

白粉病采用自然病圃鉴定。赤霉病采用人工接种和自然病圃相结合的方法鉴定。结果表明：供试的66份小麦品种(系)中，对白粉病免疫的品种(系)有贵农21、贵农775、三属麦、92R178、92R149、A552，高抗的品种(系)有斯燕93-1、JYP-1、JYP-2、JYP-3、小白冬、C39、兴麦17等；对赤霉病没有免疫的品种(系)，多数品种(系)不抗赤霉病，只有JYP-1的抗赤霉病性比苏麦3号略强，92R149、92R178、毕麦10号、80(107)、小白冬、黔麦14、黔麦早2号和JYP-3的抗赤霉病性与苏麦3号近似，其中JYP-1、92R149、92R178、小白冬、JYP-3为白粉病和赤霉病的兼抗性抗源。     

利用小麦单染色体代换系研究赤霉病抗性和抑制毒素产生的基因

由赤霉菌引起的小麦赤霉病是小麦生产的主要病害之一,小麦赤霉病抗源十分贫乏,而且多数表现为多基因遗传,在小麦育种中较难应用。从小麦近缘属种中寻求赤霉病抗性基因并把它引入栽培品种中,有重要的学术意义和经济价值。本研究以来自抗病小麦材料PI481521和栽培小麦Langdon杂交得到的14个4倍体小麦单条染色体代换系为试验材料,进行室内赤霉病的抗性鉴定,同时用脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇(DON)试剂盒来测定接种后籽粒中的毒素含量。表型鉴定结果表明,14个代换系的抗病性存在较大的差异,其中代换系LDN(PI481521-3A)和LDN(PI481521-7B)分别在感染小穗数和小穗感染百分率上与抗性亲本无显著性差异,不存在抗病性高于抗性亲本的类型;毒素含量分析表明,2个亲本的毒素含量没有显著差异,各代换系的毒素含量均高于抗性亲本PI481521、LDN(PI481521-1A)、LDN(PI481521-2A)及LDN(PI481521-6A)的毒素含量较高,与2个亲本存在显著差异。这一鉴定结果为下一步抗性基因和毒素基因的定位研究提供了基础材料,对赤霉病抗性指标进行相关性分析,发现小穗感染百分率与麦粒毒素含量呈显著正相关。因此,在田间进行抗赤霉病种质筛选及抗病育种后代选择时,可以小穗感染百分率作为衡量指标以简化操作程序。     

利用Fhb1基因功能标记选择提高黄淮冬麦区小麦品种对赤霉病的抗性

赤霉病已上升为黄淮冬麦区的主要病害, 提高小麦品种对赤霉病的抗性成为该麦区主要的育种目标之一。宁麦9号、生选6号、建阳798、建阳84、苏麦3号和宁麦13均携带Fhb1基因, 对赤霉病表现中抗水平以上。本研究以这6个品种(系)为供体, 分别与高感赤霉病的周麦16矮败小麦近等基因系杂交和回交, 构建6个回交群体。利用Fhb1基因的KASP标记在回交后代中进行基因型分析, 分别选择携带和不携带Fhb1基因的可育株, 对后代株系进行单花滴注接种鉴定和田间病圃自然鉴定。回交后代携带Fhb1家系整体抗性达到中感, 比不携带Fhb1家系的平均病小穗数低4.2 (P < 0.01), 平均病情指数低4.0, 比轮回亲本周麦16的平均病小穗数和病情指数分别低8.1 (P < 0.01)和28.4 (P < 0.01)。不同供体品种(系)回交后代在赤霉病抗性上表现出明显差异, 以生选6号为供体的回交后代家系抗性表现最好。本研究表明, 利用Fhb1基因分子标记辅助选择技术能够有效地提高黄淮冬麦区小麦品种的赤霉病抗性水平。     

长江下游麦区新育成品种(系)3种主要病害的抗性鉴定及抗病基因/QTL的分子检测

小麦赤霉病、白粉病和黄花叶病是长江下游麦区小麦生产的主要病害。本研究对长江下游麦区新育成49个品种(系)的上述3种病害进行抗性鉴定,同时利用与抗赤霉病主效QTL Fhb1和QFhs.crc-2D、抗白粉病基因Pm21以及抗黄花叶病主效QTL QYm.nau-5A.1和QYm.nau-2D连锁的分子标记检测试验品种3种病害抗病基因/QTL组成。结果显示, 49.0%的品种赤霉病抗性达中抗以上, 32.6%的品种对白粉病免疫或抗, 44.9%的品种抗黄花叶病。30.6%和73.6%的试验品种分别含有抗赤霉病主效QTL Fhb1和QFhs.crc-2D,宁麦9号和扬麦158及其衍生品种分别是Fhb1和QFhs.crc-2D的主要载体品种; 28.6%的品种含抗白粉病基因Pm21,镇麦9号和扬麦18及其衍生品种为Pm21的主要载体品种;分子检测含抗黄花叶病主效QTL QYm.nau-5A.1和QYm.nau-2D的品种比例均为24.5%,宁麦9号和苏麦6号及其衍生品种分别是QYm.nau-5A.1和QYm.nau-2D的主要载体品种。宁麦9号和扬麦158衍生品种在小麦抗赤霉病和黄花叶病基因/Q...     

Genetic analysis of resistance to Fusarium head blight caused by Fusarium graminearum in Chinese wheat cultivar Sumai 3 and the Japanese cultivar Saikai 165

The genetic constitution of resistance to Fusarium head blight (FHB, scab) caused by Fusarium graminearum in the Chinese wheat cultivar Sumai 3 and the Japanese cultivar Saikai 165 was investigated using doubled haploid lines (DHLs) and recombinant inbred lines (RILs). Frequency distributions of DHLs derived from two F₁ crosses, Sumai 3 (very resistant to resistant; VR-R) / Gamenya (very susceptible; VS) and Sumai 3 / Emblem (VS), fitted well to 1: 2: 1 (resistant: moderately resistant: susceptible) ratios for reaction to FHB in the field. It is suggested that the resistance of Sumai 3 is controlled by two major genes with additive effects. One of the resistance genes may be linked in repulsion to the dominant suppressor B1 for awnedness with recombination values 15.1 ± 3.3% in Sumai 3 /Gamenya and 21.4 ± 4.3% in Sumai 3 / Emblem. Saikai 165 is a Japanese resistant line derived from an F₁ Sumai 3 / Asakaze-komugi (moderately resistant; MR). The data for RILs derived from the cross Emblem / Saikai 165, indicates that three resistance genes control the resistance of Saikai 165. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

两个小麦抗赤霉变异系的抗性及RAPD分析

在禾谷镰刀菌粗毒素胁迫下,通过幼胚培养无性系的筛选,获得了QK-02和HK-04两个抗赤霉病的小麦变异系,与其供体亲本相比,抗赤性明显提高,其它个别性状虽略有改变,但其综合性状表现与其亲本基本相似。用524个随机引物对两个变异系和各自亲本及苏麦3号进行RAPD分析,结果显示,变异系QK-02与亲本西农1376间存在多态片段的引物有11个,变异率为2.1%,在这些多态片段中,S3471220和S3751360在苏麦3号上也能检测到;变异系HK-04与亲本花育888间有15条引物有多态片段,变异率为2.86%,在这些多态片段中,S149620在苏麦3号上也能检测到。RAPD分析结果表明,两个抗赤霉变异系与亲本的抗病性差异是由于遗传物质的改变引起的,其抗赤霉病性是可以稳定遗传的。在抗病变异系与亲本及苏麦3号上筛选到的3个分子标记（S3471220、S3751360和 S149620）可能与小麦赤霉病抗性有关。     

普通小麦–大赖草易位系T7BS•7Lr#1S和T2AS•2AL-7Lr#1S的分子细胞遗传学鉴定

大赖草7Lr#1S染色体上携带赤霉病抗性基因,将其导入普通小麦有助于增加赤霉病抗源多样性和选育抗赤霉病品种。利用染色体C-分带、荧光原位杂交和分子标记技术从普通小麦–大赖草7Lr#1单体异附加系的花粉辐射后代中,选育出易位系T7BS·7Lr#1S (NAU639)和T2AS·2AL-7Lr#1S (NAU640)。经连续3年大田、温室赤霉病接种鉴定,这2个易位系的赤霉病抗性均显著高于感病亲本中国春、感病对照绵阳8545和石麦4185,为赤霉病抗病育种提供了新的种质资源。     

Genetic diversity of resistance genes controlling fusarium head blight with simple sequence repeat markers in thirty-six wheat accessions from east asian origin

Summary Fusarium head blight (FHB) is a serious disease of wheat worldwide that may cause substantial yield and quality losses. Breeding for FHB-resistant cultivars is the most cost-effective approach to control FHB. The objective of the present study was to determine the relationship of resistance between new resistant sources and Sumai 3 using five simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers closely linked to the major QTL for FHB resistance on chromosome arms 3BS and 6BS. All five SSR markers were highly polymorphic between Sumai 3 (and its derivatives) and susceptible Canadian wheat lines. Most of the Sumai 3-derived Chinese wheat accessions and three Canadian FHB-resistant lines had all the Sumai 3 SSR marker alleles on chromosome arms 3BS and 6BS. The Chinese landrace Wangshuibai and two Japanese accessions Nobeokabozu and Nyu Bai had the same banding patterns as Sumai 3 for all five SSR marker alleles, and another Chinese landrace Fangshanmai had three of the five SSR markers in common with Sumai 3, and therefore most likely carries the same QTL as Sumai 3 on 3BS and 6BS. The Brazilian cultivar Frontana had no alleles in common with Sumai 3 on either QTL, and the Chinese landrace Hongheshang had only one of the five SSR markers in common with Sumai 3, therefore likely carrying resistance genes different from Sumai 3. The Italian cultivar Funo is not the donor of either the 3BS QTL or 6BS QTL. All five SSR seem to be effective candidates for marker-assisted selection to increase the level of resistance to FHB in wheat breeding programs.     

Identification of wheat chromosomes involved with different types of resistance against greenbug (Schizaphis graminum, Rond.) and the Russian wheat aphid (Diuraphis noxia, Mordvilko)

Two sets of intervarietal chromosome substitution lines in the recipient,susceptible cultivar ‘Chinese Spring’ were screened to identify the wheat chromosomes involved with antixenosis, antibiosis and tolerance resistance to greenbug and Russian wheat aphid. The amphiploid ‘Synthetic’ and the cultivar ‘Hope’ were the donor parents. Antixenosis, antibiosis and tolerance were evaluated with conventional tests in controlled environmental conditions using a clone of greenbug biotype C and a clone of RWA collected on wheat. Antixenosis against greenbug was accounted for by several chromosomes in both sets of substitution lines with chromosome 2B contributing the highest level of this type of resistance. The highest levels of antixenosis against RWA were associated with the group of chromosomes 7 of the substitutions CS/Syn set and the chromosome substitutions 2B, 6A and 7D of the CS/Hope set. Antibiosis against both aphids species was accounted for by several different chromosomes. The highest levels of antibiosis for most of RWA resistance traits were recorded from the 1B substitution line of the CS/Hope set. More than one gene appears to determine antibiosis. Tolerance to both greenbug and the RWA was significantly associated with chromosomes 1A,1D, and 6D in the CS/Syn set of substitutions. These lines showed enhanced plant growth under aphid infestation. The highest levels of antixenosis, antibiosis and tolerance against the two aphid species occurred mostly in different substitution lines. Consequently, the different types of resistance for both pests seem to be partially independent. Since different genes seem to be involved in at least several traits of the resistance categories against the two aphid species, such genes could be combined in new cultivars of wheat to broaden their genetic base of resistance against the greenbug and the RWA. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

干旱胁迫对小麦叶片细胞膜透性效应的染色体定位研究

通过测定干旱胁迫下小麦中国春-Synthetic 6x染色体代换系及其亲本品种中国春(受体)和Synthetic 6x(供体)叶片的相对电导率和K 相对渗出率,对调控干旱胁迫下功能叶片细胞膜稳定性的染色体进行了定位研究。结果表明,1D,2D,2B,3A,3D,4A,4B,6A,6B,7D和7A等染色体代换系的相对电导率和K 相对渗出率均显著或极显著低于中国春,而其他代换系差异均不显著。表明Synthetic 6x的1D,2B,2D,3A,3D,4A,4B,6A,6B,7D和7A染色体上具有耐旱性基因,而其他染色体与Synthetic 6x的耐旱性无关。研究结果可为小麦抗旱遗传育种研究提供参考依据。     

QTL analysis of resistance to Fusarium head blight in wheat using a 'Frontana'-derived population

Fusarium head blight (FHB or head scab) has become a major limiting factor for sustainable wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) production around the world. For quantitative trait loci (QTL) analysis of resistance to FHB, F₃ plants and F_{3 : 5} lines, derived from a ‘Frontana’ (moderately resistant)/‘Seri82’ (susceptible) cross, were spray‐inoculated in 2001 and 2002, respectively. Artificial inoculations were carried out under field conditions. Of 273 SSR and AFLP markers, 250 could be mapped and they yielded 42 linkage groups, covering a genetic distance of 1931 cM. QTL analysis was based on the constructed linkage map and area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC). The analyses revealed three consistent QTLs associated with FHB resistance on chromosomes 1BL, 3AL and 7AS explaining 7.9%, 7.7% and 7.6% of the phenotypic variation, respectively, above 2 years. The results confirmed the previously described resistance QTL of ‘Frontana’ on chromosome 3AL. A combination of ‘Frontana’ resistance with ‘Sumai‐3’ resistance may lead to lines with augmented resistance expression.     

Validation of a major QTL for scab resistance with SSR markers and use of marker-assisted selection in wheat

The objectives of this study were to validate the major quantitative trait locus (QTL) for scab resistance on the short arm of chromosome 3B in bread wheat and to isolate near‐isogenic lines for this QTL using marker‐assisted selection (MAS). Two resistant by susceptible populations, both using ‘Ning7840’ as the source of resistance, were developed to examine the effect of the 3BS QTL in different genetic backgrounds. Data for scab resistance and simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers linked to the resistance QTL were analyzed in the F_2:3 lines of one population and in the F_3:4 lines of the other. Markers linked to the major QTL on chromosome 3BS in the original mapping population (‘Ning7840’/‘Clark’) were closely associated with scab resistance in both validation populations. Marker‐assisted selection for the QTL with the SSR markers combined with phenotypic selection was more effective than selection based solely on phenotypic evaluation in early generations. Marker‐assisted selection of the major QTL during the seedling stage plus phenotypic selection after flowering effectively identified scab resistant lines in this experiment. Near‐isogenic lines for this 3BS QTL were isolated from the F₆ generation of the cross ‘Ning7840’/‘IL89‐7978’ based on two flanking SSR markers, Xgwm389 and Xbarc147. Based on these results, MAS for the major scab resistance QTL can improve selection efficiency and may facilitate stacking of scab resistance genes from different sources.     

小麦高效转基因受体品系CB037的抗条锈性分析

Genetic transformation is used for efficient gene cloning, gene editing and gene engineering, etc. Obtaining recipient lines amenable to transformation and with pure genetic background is critical for high efficiency transformations. For recent years, the wheat inbreed line CB037 had been widely used as a recipient for transgenes and obtain its high transformation potential. Despite having stable agronomic traits, the CB037 is genetically heterogeneous for resistance to wheat stripe rust (Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici, Pst). In this study, the Pst-resistant line CB037-PstR and Pst-susceptible line CB037-PstS were isolated, and their F₂ population was created. Genetic analysis showed that the CB037-PstR carried a single dominant resistance gene. The identified resistance gene was mapped on the short arm of chromosome 1B using BSR-seq and molecular marker analysis. GISH results further revealed that CB037-PstR is a 1BL/1RS translocation line and likely carried Yr9. This study segregated genetic heterogeneity in CB037 for stripe rust resistance and isolated its Pst-susceptible and resistant lines. These results will facilitate trait-oriented use of CB037 in genetic engineering of wheat.