兰科植物花发育的基因调控研究进展

兰科Orchidaceae植物具有唇瓣、蕊柱等独特花形结构。近年来,关于兰科植物开花调控的研究取得了一定的进展,已分离鉴定出一些花发育调控基因,包括花器官特异基因及一些花分生组织特异基因。研究表明： MADS-box等基因在兰花的成花转换及花器官形成过程中起重要作用,特别是B类基因的表达及功能可能与兰花结构的特异性及多样性有关。表1参33     

福建兰科植物地理分区物种多样性研究

用物种多样性指数方法分析兰科植物在福建不同植被地理分区中的分布规律,结果表明：ⅠA1区和ⅡC6区中βWS,Cβ值分别为0.575 0,46.00,均为最大值 CJ,CS值分别为0.269 8,0.425 0,均为最小值 表明ⅠA1区和ⅡC6区兰科植物相异最大。ⅠA2区和ⅠA3区中,βWS,βC值分别为0.322 0,17.50,均为最小值 CJ,CS值分别为0.512 8,0.678 0,均为最大值 表明ⅠA2区和ⅠA3区兰科植物相异最小。不同植被地理分区中兰科植物属数、种数分布规律是：地理位置相隔越远,其共有属数、种数相差越多。     

兰科植物保育病虫害现状及防治

本文针对贵州省植物园内引种保育兜兰属(Paphiopedilum)植物12种、 兰属(Cymbidium)植物10种、石斛属(Dendrobium)植物18种、毛兰属(Eria)植物5种主要病虫害进行调查,发现4属50种兰科植物主要有炭疽病、叶枯病、白绢病、蚧壳虫、红蜘蛛5种,并采取了防治措施,有效保护兰科植物免受病虫...     

祁连山林区的兰科植物及其保护

祁连山是中国十二大著名山系之一,地处欧亚大陆中心,南依青藏高原,北临内蒙古和新疆、黄土高原,位于中国一级阶梯与二级阶梯的过渡带.祁连山林区地质地貌、气象、土壤、植被、水文复杂,生态环境多样,分布有高等植物1044种,隶属84科399属,是中国西北地区的物种库和遗传基因库,在生物多样性保护和水源涵养方面具有极为重要的地立.     

小五台山野生兰科植物研究

通过对小五台山国家级自然保护区的实地调查研究,共记录野生兰科植物16属18种,对其生态环境和应用进行分析,并对其生存状态和保护进行了讨论,应建立野生兰科植物种质资源库,对野生兰科植物进行有效保护。同时要开展野生观赏兰科植物的人工扩繁研究与试验,以便尽快在园林观赏中开发利用这些宝贵的兰科植物资源。     

兰科植物的组织培养研究进展

以兰科植物为研究对象,从外植体、培养基、植物生长调节剂、有机添加物和其它影响因素等方面简要阐述了其组培研究进展,旨在为其组培研究提供理论依据。     

浅谈兰科植物在园林植物造景中的应用

兰科植物是我国丰富而珍贵的植物资源,但在园林应用中极为少见。本文介绍了兰科植物的概况,对兰科植物的栽培应用形式提出了新的观点和建议,认为“源于自然,回归自然”是兰科植物发展的正确方向,并对兰科植物在园林中的应用前景和应用中可能出现的问题及解决办法作了详细阐述。     

龙舌兰科植物资源调查报告

龙舌兰科植物共有21个属约670个种[1]。分布美洲、非洲、亚洲、太平洋以及大西洋、印度洋的一些岛屿等热带、亚热带地区，其中以墨西哥和美国西南部，尤以两国交界处的索诺拉（sonora）荒漠种类最多。龙舌兰麻类是龙舌兰科所属植物的统称。龙兰麻种类繁多，用途多种多样，有抽取纤维的、提糖酿酒的、药用的、绚丽观赏的……。生境千差万别，从海平线至海拔2100～2400米的高山顶上都有分布[1]。形状各异，千姿百态，差别很大。棱叶龙舌兰麻（Agavepotatorum），植株非常矮小，叶片少而小，最长的叶片也不到30厘米；而暗绿龙舌兰麻（Agaveatr…     

贵州省兰科植物地理新分布

[目的]研究兰科植物在贵州省的最新地理分布。[方法]通过调查贵州省的兰科植物种质资源并查阅相关资料,发现有一种未曾记入文献的兰科植物分布在贵州省。[结果]该独花兰的主要形态特征如下：假鳞茎为椭圆形、淡黄色 叶1枚,宽卵状椭圆形,背面紫红色 叶柄长4.2~4.8 cm 花1朵,紫色,葶长10.5 cm,鞘2枚,膜质 花梗和子房长8.6 cm 花瓣呈倒卵状披针形 侧裂片直立,卵状三角形。它主要生长于海拔400~1100（~1800 m）树林下腐殖质丰富的土壤上和山谷中荫蔽的地方,主要分布在江苏西南部、安徽、浙江西部、湖北、湖南、四川南部及陕西南部。[结论]新发现的这一兰科植物为独花兰,是我国特有的单种属植物。     

井冈山国家级自然保护区兰科植物资源

1998-2000年,在江西省野生植物资源调查中对井冈山野生兰科植物作了专项调查,共记录兰科植物48种,全部属于国家二级保护野生植物,并已被列入《濒危野生动植物物种国际贸易公约》(CITES)附录.本文根据历年的调查结果,对井冈山地区的野生兰科植物多样性及其分布进行了全面研究,并提出相应的保护对策.     

Ecology. The rapid origin of reproductive isolation

Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection has long been accepted, but it has not been clear how selection results in reproductive isolation of two populations. In an elegant Perspective, Barton discusses two reports (Higgie et al. and Hendry et al.) showing that selection can cause reproductive isolation between two populations within a dozen or so generations.     

Acoustic communication and reproductive isolation in two species of wolf spiders

Sound production by male wolf spiders during courtship is critical for behavioral reproductive isolation of two sibling species. Females only respond to and copulate with conspecific males, and acoustic signals through a substrate are necessary to induce receptivity. No reproductive barriers that could arise during mating (such as genital or mechanical incompatibility) or after mating (infertility) are in effect between the species, since forced interspecific matings produce viable offspring.     

Sex chromosome-linked species recognition and evolution of reproductive isolation in flycatchers

Interbreeding between species (hybridization) typically produces unfit offspring. Reduced hybridization should therefore be favored by natural selection. However, this is difficult to accomplish because hybridization also sets the stage for genetic recombination to dissociate species-specific traits from the preferences for them. Here we show that this association is maintained by physical linkage (on the same chromosome) in two hybridizing Ficedula flycatchers. By analyzing the mating patterns of female hybrids and cross-fostered offspring, we demonstrate that species recognition is inherited on the Z chromosome, which is also the known location of species-specific male plumage traits and genes causing low hybrid fitness. Limited recombination on the Z chromosome maintains associations of Z-linked genes despite hybridization, suggesting that the sex chromosomes may be a hotspot for adaptive speciation.     

Microorganism mediated reproductive isolation in flour beetles (genus Tribolium)

Reproductive isolation is induced by microorganisms in diverse geographic strains of the flour beetle Tribolium confusum (Coleoptera:Tenebrionidae). The incompatibility between populations is due to nongenetic cytoplasmically inherited factors. Males of infected strains produce no progeny when crossed with females of noninfected strains; however, they produce "normal" numbers of progeny when crossed with infected females. Males from noninfected strains show no reproductive isolation. Infected strains of T. confusum can be cured when tetracycline or other antibiotics are added to the flour medium. "Cured" strains become partially reproductively isolated from all noncured strains including the source strain     

Postmating reproductive isolation in pseudophryne and the evolutionary significance of hybrid zones

Hybrid zones involving Pseudophryne (Anura: Leptodactylidae) provide direct evidence for the operation of postmating reproductive isolating mechanisms in animals in a natural situation. Significant introgression is prevented by hybrid inviability but there is no evidence for the reinforcement of premating isolating mechanisms. These parapatric hybrid zones are of unknown etiology, but are interpreted as being relatively old and persistent.     

Rapid evolution of reproductive isolation in the wild: evidence from introduced salmon

Colonization of new environments should promote rapid speciation as a by-product of adaptation to divergent selective regimes. Although this process of ecological speciation is known to have occurred over millennia or centuries, nothing is known about how quickly reproductive isolation actually evolves when new environments are first colonized. Using DNA microsatellites, population-specific natural tags, and phenotypic variation, we tested for reproductive isolation between two adjacent salmon populations of a common ancestry that colonized divergent reproductive environments (a river and a lake beach). We found evidence for the evolution of reproductive isolation after fewer than 13 generations.     

国兰病虫害综合防治

中国栽培兰花历史悠久,早在唐宋时期,就有资料记载兰花的栽培,到目前为止,各类有关兰花栽培、鉴赏及病虫害防治的书籍层出不穷,为兰花产业的发展提供了理论指导.本文根据近年来兰花栽培中病虫害发生情况,结合多年实践,就兰花病虫害综合防治技术提一些建议,与广大养兰者交流.     

兰花育种途径与进展

综述了近十几年来兰花育种的途径,包括引种驯化、杂交、诱变、多倍体、航天和基因工程技术育种.并结合兰花育种的现状及存在问题,提出了兰花育种的方向,为今后育种工作提供借鉴.     

广东兰花两种主要病毒的检测

采用双抗夹心酶联免疫吸附法(DAS-ELISA)对44个兰花病样分别检测建兰花叶病毒(Cymbidium mosaic virus,CyMV )和齿兰环斑病毒(Odontoglossum ringspot virus,ORSV),结果显示,有59.1%的兰花检出CyMV,36.4%的兰花检出ORSV,22.7%的兰花复合感染了CyMV和ORSV.采用一步逆转录聚合酶链式反应(RT-PCR)对24个兰花病样进行检测,结果有83.3%的兰花检出 CyMV,75%的兰花检出ORSV,66.7%的兰花复合感染了CyMV和ORSV,可见RT-PCR检测灵敏度高于ELISA.