低温烘干处理对刚收割的常规早稻种子发芽的影响

以早稻中早25收割后进行33h 40℃烘干处理的种子为试验材料,研究低温烘干种子在不同处理下的发芽表现。结果表明：低温烘干能够降低种子遭霉菌感染程度,提高发芽率,但不能有效解除种子休眠,也不能有效提高种子的发芽势。低温烘干种子在未晒种发芽前湿润处理发芽率为83%,显著高于CK,未晒种发芽前浸泡处理发芽率为81%,高于CK但差异不显著;低温烘干种子在晒种后发芽前湿润处理和晒种后发芽前浸泡处理下的发芽率分别为85%和86%,均高于CK,但差异不显著。晒种后的低温烘干种子平均发芽势和发芽率分别为83.5%和85.5%,发芽势与未晒种相比差异显著,发芽率差异不显著。提出低温烘干种子在播种前宜进行晒种。     

低温对玉竹种子发芽性的影响

玉竹 ( Polgnatum odoratum Druce)根茎入药。目前主要以野生为资源 ,栽培很少。其繁殖方式主要以根茎进行无性繁殖。繁殖系数较小 ,从而影响栽培面积的扩大 ;另一繁殖方式为种子繁殖 ,但是其种子在通常条件下发芽时间慢长 ,可长达 1～ 2个月。并且其发芽势很低影响出苗的整齐度。因此提高玉竹种子发芽势、发芽率等是玉竹栽培生产的首要难题。1　材料与方法种子来源是在本地区由野生到栽培驯化 3年 ,并且当年秋季收获的新玉竹种子 ;处理温度为 - 5℃～ 5℃之间 (主要靠外界自然温度来处理 ) ;处理时间 A=10天、B=2 0天、C=30天、D=50天、…     

不同温度烘干对棉花种子发芽率的影响

在棉花种子烘干过程中,温度起着很关键的作用,太低、太高对种子的发芽率都有影响。为保证种子发芽率达标,应该确定一个合适的种子温度,建议不要超过60℃。     

水引发处理对小葱种子发芽的影响

以浙江省当前推广的小葱当家品种四季小葱为研究材料，采用不同时间(52h、72h、96h)水引发处理小葱种子，引发后进行发芽试验。试验结果表明：除水引发72h的处理外，其他引发处理均能提高小葱种子发芽势、发芽率、发芽指数，缩短T50的天数，显著地促进了幼苗生长，增加了幼苗鲜重。同时，水引发处理后提高了小葱种子的出苗速度。     

KNO3处理对辣椒种子发芽的影响

本试验以辣椒种子为材料，分别检测同一样品辣椒种子KNO_3处理与不处理的发芽率作对比，探索KNO_3处理对辣椒种子发芽的影响。 1 材料与方法 供试验的辣椒种子10个品种，每个品种随机取试验样品800粒，其中400粒用0.2％KNO_3溶液润床处理，……     

不同条件对大豆发芽的影响初探

通过对大豆不同品种、不同温度、不同发芽床及不同自然环境等因素的发芽试验，从中找出最有利于大豆发芽的温度：百粒重较高的大粒种子为20℃，百粒重低的小粒种子则25℃为宜；最适宜的发芽床是砂水比为5：1的消毒砂；室内室外的不同处理在自然条件下（特别是气温超过25℃）发芽率较低，不宜作为大豆发芽率的依据。     

不同湿度烘干对棉花种子发芽率的影晌

在棉花种子烘干过程中,温度起着很关键的作用,太低、太高对种子的发芽率都有影响.为保证种子发芽率达标,应该确定一个合适的种子温度,建议不要超过60℃.     

高压静电场处理对黄瓜种子发芽的影响

利用高压静电场对黄瓜种子进行选种，并通过均匀设计安排实验，对黄瓜种子进行不同时间和电场强度的高压静电场处理，对结果进行了直观分析和回归分析，得出回归方程，并依此进行预报，找出处理时间和电场强度的最佳取值组合。     

绿豆种子发芽对低温的反应

绿豆是我国北方旱作地区的重要杂粮作物,具有耐旱、耐瘠薄、生育期短等特点,在内蒙古及东北等地,生产上旱地正季播种多在6月初雨后进行。近年来,随着种植业结构的调整,水浇地绿豆面积不断增大,通过对绿豆种子在低温条件下发芽特性的研究,以期为水浇地绿豆适时早播提供理论依据。1材料与方法1.1试验材料供试6个品种:大明绿、VC2278A、中绿1号、天山绿豆、中绿2号、月绿豆。1.2种子消毒与置床发芽前将种子浸于5%的次氯酸钠溶液中消毒30s,之后用蒸馏水冲洗3次,每品种分别数取100粒种子,置于经高温高压消毒后并衬有双层滤纸的培养皿(Φ12cm)中…     

低温及赤霉素处理丝棉木种子对其发芽力的影响

以丝棉木种子为材料,采用不同浓度赤霉素处理,结合低温层积,对丝棉木种子发芽进行试验研究.结果表明:赤霉素处理能极显著提高丝棉木种子发芽率、发芽势和发芽指数.经过低温处理30 d的丝棉木种子,播种前用赤霉素浓度150mg/L浸泡24 h可有效提高种子的发芽力;未经低温处理的丝棉木种子,播种前用赤霉素浓度3 000 mg/L浸泡24 h,可有效提高种子的发芽力,从而取代低温层积处理的过程.     

水稻种子破休眠处理与发芽

水稻种子发芽前是否进行破休眠处理和采用什么样的破休眠方法,对种子发芽影响很大.在国家农作物种子检验规程上谈到几种破休眠的方法.我们几年的试验表明,不同品种及不同批次的水稻种子宜采用不同的破休眠方法.     

Quantitative trait loci mapping and stability for low temperature germination ability of rice

A high rate of germination at low temperatures is necessary for economic yields to be maintained. In this paper, the genetic control of low temperature germination ability (LTG) was assessed by the measurement of germination rate (GR), germination rate index (GI) and mean germination time (MGT), and genetically mapped using a set of recombinant inbred lines, derived from a cross between the japonica cultivar 'Asominori' and the indica cultivar 'IR24'. Putative quantitative trait loci (QTL) were validated by testing in two related sets of chromosome segment substitution lines (CSSL). In this genetic background, LTG is under the control of a number of QTL, each of relatively small effect, and is spread over six chromosomes. The most stable of these QTL was for GR, mapping to a segment of chromosome 11 which also carries a QTL for GI. On chromosome 2, qGR-2 not only controlled GR, but also was associated with GI and MGT. Significant differences in LTG were detected between 'Asominori' and some CSSL harbouring qGR-2 or qGR-11 .     

Difference of optimum germination temperature of seeds of intact and dehusked japonica rice during seed development

The effects of incubation temperature on germination of intact and dehusked japonica rice that had been harvested every 5 days from 10 days after anthesis (DAA) to 70 DAA were surveyed. At 30 ^°C incubation, the germination percentage of intact seeds at 25 DAA exceeded that of dehusked seeds. This tendency persisted until 65 DAA, when around 95% of both intact and dehusked seeds germinated. Germination percentages of intact seeds incubated at 20 ^°C were lower than seeds incubated at 30 ^°C for all DAA. However, germination percentages of dehusked seeds incubated at 20 ^°C were consistently higher than at 30 ^°C. Germination percentages of intact and dehusked seeds were similar at 20 ^°C incubation. Germination of intact seeds under 34/11 ^°C (16/8 h) was higher than at 30 ^°C. In contrast, germination of dehusked seeds under 34/11 ^°C (16/8 h) was lower than at 30°C. Inhibitory effects of removing husk on germination were observed from 15 to 70 DAA. Almost all of the intact seeds at 45 DAA germinated when imbibed 35, 30 and 25 ^°C, and germination percentages decreased with decreasing incubation temperatures from 20 to 15 ^°C. By contrast, germination percentage of dehusked seeds was highest in 20 ^°C incubation temperature; further increase or decrease of incubation temperature reduced germination percentage. The optimum germination temperature of intact and dehusked seeds of japonica rice differs during seed formation, such that the extent of germination inhibition by husk removal depends on the incubation temperature.     

抗低温处理对玉米种子萌发特性的影响

用SA、SG、SN、NG4种处理荆处理玉米种子．在不同程度低温条件下培养．研究抗低温处理后的玉米种子萌发的变化和差异。结果表明,各处理的发芽势、发芽率、发芽指数和活力指数等指标在低温条件下较对照（蒸馏水浸种）都有不同程度的提高。在10～16℃条件下。SG和NG处理可以大幅度提高玉米种子的萌发指标．其中对发芽率的影响最为明显．提高幅度最高达1．58倍,达极显著水平。认为．SG和NG处理可以提高玉米对低温的忍耐力．具有促使玉米种子在低温条件下早生快发的作用。     

Increasing mutagenic efficiency of gamma-radiation in rice by irradiation of seeds at extremely low temperature

Summary Dry seeds of rice, Oryza sativa L., containing about 13 percent moisture, were exposed to ⁶⁰Co gamma raysat extremely low temperature (–196°C). M₁ damage on survival rate, seedling height and seed set were found to become much smaller in the cooling treatment than in the not-cooled control. Chlorophyll and heading date mutation frequencies in the M₂ generation were not affected by the decreased M₁ damage caused by the cooling treatment, and the mutation frequencies could be significantly increased by applying higher doses combined with the cooling treatment. Frequency of sterile or semi-sterile mutants in the M₂ generation was found to be significantly lower in the cooling treatment than in the not-cooled control.It is assumed from the experimental results that extremely low temperatures during irradiation could reduce the amount of physiological damage and gross chromosome aberrations. This results in an increased efficiency of producing minute deletions and/or point mutations.     

影响杂交水稻种子发芽率的制约因素及其对策研究

为探求影响发芽率的制约因素及其提高对策,对田间栽培管理、晒种及存放以及芽谷的处理等方面开展了调查研究及专项试验认为,除天气这一不可抗拒的自然因素影响外,晒种及存放是影响的关键因素.     

Effect of pre-incubation humidity and temperature treatment on the in vitro germination of avocado pollen grains

Optimum in vitro germination of pollen grain of the avocado cultivars Fuerte, Nabal, Ettinger, Bacon and Zutano occurred at 25 °C. However, there were significant differences between cultivars in percentage germination and relative humidity (RH) requirements for optimum pollen grain growth. The most sensitive cultivar to relative humidity was Fuerte, in which the germination of pollen grain rose from 11.4%, at 40% RH, to about 50%, after one hour at 100% RH. The germination% of Nabal pollen grain was already high at 40% RH and was not increased by higher relative humidity. Increased relative humidity also helped to sustain the viability of avocado pollen. At 30 °C and 5% RH the pollen grains of Fuerte quickly lost its ability to germinate, at 40% RH for 1 hour, germination was reduced spectacularly compared to pollen kept in saturated with moisture environment where it was not affected the first 24 hours. The effects of temperature and relative humidity on fruit-set and yield of avocado are discussed. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

大叶千斤拔种子萌发特性研究

探讨大叶千斤拔种子发芽最佳基本条件和种子的寿命,为栽培生产提供科学依据。测定种子的吸水率;通过磨破种皮、热水处理和浓硫酸处理等找到破除种子硬实的最佳方法;考察不同温度和光照、发芽床、贮藏对种子萌发的影响。结果表明,大叶千斤拔种子吸水率为31.26%,种皮透水性差是影响种子发芽的关键因素。种子适宜萌发的温度范围为25～30℃,发芽前用磨擦种皮+80℃热水浸种4 h的方法可使种子的发芽率提高到66.67%;光照和发芽床对种子萌发无显著影响。种子在4℃低温条件下贮藏3年发芽率仍有61%,贮藏4年发芽率降至32%。综上,大叶千斤拔种子为硬实性种子,发芽前需要预处理;种子为高温萌发型、光中性种子;种子寿命在4年以上。     

杂交稻种子发芽率低的原因及其防范措施

种子发芽率是种子生活力的具体体现,也是种子质量的一个关键性指标.杂交水稻种子发芽率的高低直接影响杂交水稻的生产和发展.经过近年的实践与研究之后,提出杂交稻种子发芽率低的原因和如何提高发芽率的有效措施及方法,为生产上应用提供科学依据.     

鸢尾属植物种子休眠原因及提高萌发率方法综述

鸢尾属植物种子普遍具有休眠特性。其休眠原因主要有三个方面：种皮的机械阻碍；种子中存在抑制物；种子需要后熟。针对其休眠特性，提高其萌发率方法有：去除珠孔端种皮：淋洗；低温层积；化学物质处理；电离辐射等。