猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒GD-ZQ变异株的分离及遗传变异分析

用RT-PCR方法从某猪场病猪体内分离到1株猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus,PRRSV),命名为PRRSV GD-ZQ株,可致Marc-145细胞病变。细胞分离培育病毒至增殖性能稳定后,分别扩增分离病毒的Nsp2、ORF3、ORF5基因并测序,绘制进化树比较分析遗传进化。结果显示分离毒株的Nsp2、ORF3、ORF5基因序列与美洲型VR-2332、CH-1a等毒株核苷酸序列相似性在89.0%~95.8%之间,与欧洲毒株LV的相似性在48.2%~49.3%之间,遗传进化分析显示该毒株与CH-1a株处于同一分支,分离毒株的Nsp2序列与以HEB1为代表的PRRSV变异株相似性在98.3%~99.4%之间。该病毒在细胞盲传5代能产生稳定规律细胞病变(CPE),且第5代病毒TCID₅₀达10^-5.6／0.1 mL。进化分析结果显示GD-ZQ分离株是PRRSV变异株,具有"高热病"PRRSV毒株的变异特点,为了解PRRSV在时间上和分子水平上的遗传变异规律、变异幅度和变异范围奠定基础。     

我国南方某省猪繁殖与呼吸综合症病毒分离株分子流行病学分析

根据GenBank上发表的猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(PRRSV)VR-2332的基因序列设计并合成了一对针对ORF5基因的引物,通过RT-PCR方法对我国南方某省部分地区分离的14个PRRSV分离株进行扩增,获得了大约773bp的DNA片断,将目的片断与pMD18-T载体进行连接并测序。应用DNAStar分析所测序列,并与LV、VR-2332、CH-1a、BJ-4、HB-1、HB-2、JX-1等毒株的序列进行比较。核苷酸序列分析表明:14株病毒的与JX-1ORF5基因同源性高达99.0%～99.8%,与CH-1a、HB-1、HB-2同源性达到91.4%～94.9%,与VR-2332、BJ-4同源性达到86.1%～87.6%,与LV同源性仅为55.2%～55.7%。氨基酸序列分析表明:与JX-1同源性高达97.5%～99%;与VR-2332、CH-1a、BJ-4、HB-1、HB-2同源性达到85.6%～94.5%;与LV同源性仅为55.7%～56.2%。可知这14株病毒与JX-1遗传关系较近,可归属同一基因亚群。     

我国部分地区猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒分离株ORF5基因的遗传变异分析

参考Genbank发表的猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒（PKRSV）ATCC VR-2332的ORF5基因序列，设计并合成了一对引物．对来自福建、浙江、山东等地的PRRSV分离毒株进行RT-PCR扩增．获得约748bp的DNA片断，将其分别克隆入pMD18-T载体中，并进行测序。应用DNAStar软件分析所测序列，并与ATCCVR-2332、CH-1a、MLV、Lv等毒株的ORF5序列进行比较，结果表明：SHDl与F114、MLV、ATCCVR-2332同源性高达98．5％，与CH-1a同源性为91．0％，与其它毒株同源性为86．6％~88．4％；F114与MLV、ATCCVR-2332同源性为99．3％～99．7％．其余分离毒株在遗传关系上和CH-1a又分为明显的两个群．显示近年来各地PRRSV分离毒株与cH-1a株的遗传差异越来越大。     

猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒GXA株分离及主要结构基因的克隆和序列分析

近来,广西一些养殖场频繁发生以母猪流产、死胎、木乃伊、仔猪呼吸道症状等为特征的流行性传染病,怀疑为猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(PRRSV)感染所致。本研究从病猪中采集材料,经RT-PCR检测为阳性后,接种于Marc-145细胞,经过6代盲传,发现典型的细胞病理变化(CPE),经鉴定为PRRSV,命名为GXA株,其毒价为105.33TCID50/mL。参考VR-2332和CH-1a株基因序列,设计了3对特异性引物,分别对GXA株的E、M、N基因同时进行了RT-PCR扩增、克隆和测序。应用DNAstar生物学软件拼接得到GXA株的E、M和N3个基因片段共长为1473bp。同源性分析表明,GXA株与VR-2332、MLV和BJ-4的同源性为99.7%～100%,而与欧洲型代表株LV的同源性只有66.4%。表明GXA与VR-2332、MLV及BJ-4株亲缘关系比较密切,与欧洲型代表株LV亲缘关系最远,属于美洲型毒株,有可能来源于疫苗株。     

ORF1 but not ORF2 dependent differences are important for in vitro replication of PCV2 in porcine alveolar macrophages singularly or coinfected with PRRSV

The objective of this study was to investigate cytokine expression and in vitro replication of porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) in pulmonary alveolar macrophages (PAMs) emphasizing PCV2 open-reading frame (ORF) origin (PCV2a or PCV2b) and PRRSV strain. Chimeric PCV2 viruses composed of different combinations of ORF1 and ORF2 of PCV2a or PCV2b (chimera PCV2a-2b and chimera PCV2b-2a) were constructed and five different PRRSV isolates were utilized: Type 1 (SD 01-08) or type 2 (NC16845b, VR-2332, MN-184, JA-142). PAMs were infected singularly or with combinations of PCV2b, PCV2a, chimera PCV2a-2b, and chimera PCV2b-2a, and one of the five PRRSV isolates. Real-time PCR was used to test PAMs (PCV2 mRNA) and supernatants (PRRSV RNA, PCV2 DNA, PCV2 mRNA) harvested at 24, 48, 72 and 96h post inoculation (hpi). Levels of IFN-γ, TNF-α and IL-10 were determined by quantitative ELISAs. PCV2 replication in PAMs was limited to groups inoculated with PCV2 strains containing ORF1 of PCV2a (PCV2a, chimera PCV2a-2b). Furthermore, in supernatants, PCV2 mRNA was only detected in groups coinfected with PRRSV regardless of strain at 48hpi supporting an enhancing effect of PRRSV on PCV2 infection. Changes in cytokine levels were minimal and associated with PRRSV strain for TNF-α. In summary, in vitro differences in PCV2 replication in PAMs inoculated with different PCV2-PRRSV combinations were independent of PCV2 ORF2 origin with minimal effects of concurrent PRRSV infection perhaps indicating that PCV2-specific changes in ORF1 may be more important than those in ORF2.     

两株高致病性PRRSV ORF6和ORF7基因克隆及序列分析

应用RT PCR方法从实验室分离的两株高致病性PRRSV SX、ZQ株中扩增出ORF6和ORF7,将其分别克隆、测序。用DNAStar 软件分析所测序列,并与VR 2332株、LV株、周边国家及国内分离株进行核苷酸和推导氨基酸同源性比较,并绘制系统进化树,结果ORF6、ORF7核苷酸与北美洲型的同源性为91.1％～100％,与欧洲型的同源性为66.2％～70.7％,推导氨基酸与北美洲型的同源性为91.2％～100％,与欧洲型的同源性为62.3％～82.3％。证明新分离到的PRRSV SX株、ZQ株仍属北美洲型。SX株ORF6、ORF7核苷酸与国内新分离到的高致病性PRRSV JXA1株同源性分别为99.8%、100%;ZQ株ORF6、ORF7核苷酸与国内新分离到的高致病性PRRSV JXA1株同源性分别为99.6%、99.7%。     

二株广西猪繁殖与呼吸综合征流行毒M基因的克隆和序列分析

广西一些养殖场频繁发生以母猪流产、死胎、木乃伊等为特征的流行性传染病,怀疑为猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(PRRSV)所致.利用针对PRRSV的N基因的特异性引物P1和P2,通过RT-PCR技术对分别从广西贵港市(GXGG)和南宁市(GXNN)收集到的可疑病料进行检测,结果两份为阳性.合成针对M基因的引物M1和M2,分别扩增了GXGG和GXNN两株PRRSV的M基因,并进行克隆和测序,得到长582个核苷酸的目的基因片段.应用DNAStar序列分析软件对所测的两个广西毒株与国内外已发表的ATCC VR-2332、LV和CH-la毒株进行同源性比较.分析表明,GXGG与ATCC VR-2332、LV、CH-la的核苷酸同源性分别为95.6%、69.5%、97.7%;GXNN与ATCC VR-2332、LV、CH-la的核酸同源性分别为94.9%、69.5%、97.3%.对推定的氨基酸序列进行了比较,GXGG与ATCC VR-2332、LV、CH-la的氨基酸同源性分别为97.7%、80.5%、97.7%;GXNN与ATCC VR-2332、LV、CH-la的氨基酸同源性分别为98.3%、79.9%、97.1%.说明广西流行毒株与ATCC VR-2332和CH-la的同源性很高,而与LV毒株的同源性很低.从本研究构建的系统发育树分析,广西流行的PRRSV与ATCC VR-2332株的亲缘关系比较密切.     

Genetic variation analysis of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus isolated in China from 2002 to 2007 based on ORF5

The complete open reading frame 5 (ORF5) sequences of 34 field porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) isolates from China in 2002–2007 were detected and compared with the different variable Chinese isolates S1, CH-1a, HB-1, HB-2 and JXA1. The results showed that all isolates were of type 2 PRRSV and could be assigned to two clusters. The isolates in cluster sg1 was high similar with the highly pathogenic PRRSV strain JXA1, while sg2 clustered with type 2 PRRSV isolate VR2332. It was interesting that the isolate SH02 which was isolated from Shanghai in 2002 has 98.8% identity with JXA1 emerged in 2006. And the ZJJ07 isolate was found to be a natural recombinant between a Chinese highly pathogenic SY0608 isolate and a VR-2332 derivative NH04 isolate. Analysis of the potential glycosylation sites indicated that they were frequently mutated and formed five putative N-linked glycosylation (NGS) sites patterns based on N30, 33–35, 44 and 51 in those isolates. It indicated that the highly variable PRRSV strain with different NGS patterns spread widely in China. The great genetic diversity could be taken into consideration for the control and prevention of this disease.     

辽宁省部分地区猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒流行株ORF5-7基因遗传变异分析

根据GenBank发表的猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(PRRSV)ATCC VR-2332全基因序列,设计并合成2对引物,采用RT-PCR技术,对辽宁省站送检的病料进行分离扩增,分别获得相应的目的片段,将其分别克隆入pMD18-T载体中,并送上海生工测序。应用DNAStar软件分析所测序列,并与ATCC VR-2332、CH-1a、BJ-4、LV-M96262及疫苗株的ORF567基因进行序列比较,通过核苷酸序列分析表明这5株流行株与VR-2332、CH-1a、BJ-4等代表株的同源性为89.5%～95%,与LV-M96262的同源性为54%～58.3%.氨基酸序列分析表明这5株流行株与VR-2332、CH-1a、BJ-4等代表株的同源性为82.8%～94.7%.     

猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒SCMS株MN蛋白基因的克隆与序列分析

根据GenBank中登录的美洲株ATCC VR-2332的MN蛋白基因序列,利用Oligo6.0设计一对特异性引物,以抽提的PRRSV-SCMS病毒感染细胞总RNA为模板,RT-PCR扩增出长约1.0 kb的基因片段,将其克隆入pMD 18-T载体,测序结果显示SCMS MN基因全长886 bp,包含完整的MN基因的开放阅读框,共编码297个氨基酸。PRRSV-SCMS MN基因序列与VR2332和LV株进行同源性分析结果显示,PRRSV-SCMS与VR2332和LV株之间的核苷酸序列同源性分别为99.7%和61.6%,根据M基因推导的氨基酸序列同源性分别为98.9%和78.7%,根据N基因推导的氨基酸序列同源性分别为100%和52.8%。结果表明,SCMS地方分离株与VR2332株在基因型上具有更近的亲缘关系,推测本次分离的PRRSV属于美洲型。     

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus induces pronounced immune modulatory responses at mucosal tissues in the parental vaccine strain VR2332 infected pigs

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) is a chronic viral disease of pigs caused by PRRS virus (PRRSV). The PRRSV VR2332 is the prototype North American parental strain commonly used in the preparation of vaccines. Goal of this study was to understand missing information on VR2332 induced immune modulation at the lungs and lymphoid tissues, the sites of PRRSV replication. Pigs were infected intranasally and samples collected at post-infection day (PID) 15, 30, and 60. Microscopically, lungs had moderate interstitial pneumonia, and the virus was detected in all the tested tissues. Peak antibody response and the cytokine IFN-γ secretion were detected at PID 30, with increased TGF-β until PID 60. Population of CD8⁺, CD4⁺, and CD4⁺CD8⁺T cells, Natural killer (NK) cells, and γδ T cells in the lungs and lymphoid tissues were significantly modulated favoring PRRSV persistence. The NK cell-mediated cytotoxicity was significantly reduced in infected pigs. In addition, increased population of immunosuppressive T-regulatory cells (Tregs) and associated cytokines were also observed in VR2332 strain infected pigs.     

2014年-2016年广西地区猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒Nsp2和ORF5基因的遗传多样性分析

为了解广西地区猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(PRRSV)流行毒株的遗传进化情况,对2014年-2016年来自广西各地的部分PRRSV阳性病料进行Nsp2和ORF5基因的扩增和测序分析.结果获得34个Nsp2基因序列和45个ORF5基因序列,均属于美洲型毒株.Nsp2基因间核苷酸序列的同源性为91.8％~100％,与PRRSV美洲型毒株VR-2332、CH-1a、JXA1及NADC30株核苷酸序列的同源性分别为81.3％~84.3％、88.9％~92.1％、94.3％~99.3％和73.5％~75.1％,而与PRRSV欧洲型毒株LV株核苷酸序列的同源性为51.5％~53.2％.ORF5基因间核苷酸序列的同源性为82.8％~100％,与PRRSV美洲型毒株VR-2332、CH-1a、JXA1及NADC30株核苷酸序列的同源性分别为83.7％~99.5％、85％~95％、83.8％~99.7％和83.2％~86.4％,而与PRRSV欧洲型毒株LV株核苷酸序列的同源性为62.4％~64.5％.基于Nsp2和ORF5基因推导的氨基酸序列绘制的遗传进化树中,广西地区的毒株主要分布在以JXA1为代表的Ⅳ亚群.表明当前广西PRRSV流行毒株以JXA1株为代表的高致病性美洲型毒株为主,各毒株Nsp2和ORF5基因序列存在一定的差异,尚未发现欧洲型毒株和美洲型NADC30类毒株.     

2007-2010年河北省部分地区猪繁殖与呼吸综合征分子流行病学

为了弄清河北省秦皇岛、唐山、廊坊、邯郸等部分地区流行的猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒（PRRSV）的ORF5和Nsp2基因变异情况,对采自以上地区在2007—2010年期间的临床发病猪肺组织,提取其RNA,通过RT—PCR扩增样本中PRRSV的ORF5和Nsp2基因,对目的基因测序,并以VR-2332、CH—la、MLV、LV、HB-1、HB-2、JXA1、HUB1、HEB1等毒株为参考序列,进行序列分析和进化树分析。扩增出42个ORF5基因,14个Nsp2基因,通过完整的ORF5和部分Nsp2基因序列比较分析发现所有毒株均为美洲型,且大多数毒株与国内2006—2007年间分离的JXA1、HUB1、HEB1等高致病力毒株同源关系很近。42个ORF5基因编码的氨基酸序列分析表明GP5蛋白的糖基化位点数量和位置已发生变异,主要中和表位存在氨基酸变异（L／F^35→I^39）,与毒力相关的13位和151位点为强毒株的氨基酸特性（R^13、R^151）。14个Nsp2基因推导的氨基酸系列比较发现,1株PRRSV Nsp2基因未发生缺失突变,而剩余的13个毒株Nsp2基因均发生了氨基酸缺失,在481位和532～560位2处分别缺失1和29个氨基酸。系统发育进化树结果显示河北部分地区流行株分为2个小分支,1个毒株与HB-1聚为1支;河北流行株的大多数毒株在另一个分支,与高致病力毒株JXA1等聚为一支。本研究结果揭示了河北省部分地区流行的PRRSV ORF5和Nsp2基因的变异特征,丰富了河北省的PRRSV分子流行病学资料,提示要针对ORF5和Nsp2基因的变异采取PRRSV的防控措施。     

猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒的分离与鉴定

从广东地区发病猪场的病料中,分离到1株致Marc-145细胞病变的病毒ShB6。扩增猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(PRRSV)主要结构蛋白基因ORF2-ORF7并进行序列分析,结果表明,该分离株与国内PRRSV分离株HB-1(sh)/2002的同源性为96.9%;与ATCC VR-2332株的同源性为91%;而与Lelystad株的同源性仅为59.8%;用美洲型PRRSV单抗进行免疫组化染色,结果显示在细胞病变处呈现明显的阳性着色(为棕黄色)。综合可见,所分离的病毒为美洲型PRRSV。     

2013年-2014年江西地区PRRSV分离株NSP2及ORF5基因的遗传变异分析

为研究江西地区猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(PRRSV) ORF5基因的变异情况及NSP2基因的结构特征,采用RT-PCR方法扩增了12份江西地区猪场疑似患PRRS的猪肺脏样品中的ORF5全序列和NSP2部分序列,应用DNAStar和Mega 6.0等软件对所得序列进行同源性比对及遗传变异分析。12株PRRSV ORF5核苷酸同源性为83.7%~99.8%,氨基酸同源性为82.1%~99.5%;与参考毒株JXA1、VR-2332和LV的核苷酸同源性分别为84.9%~99.7%、85.2%~91.0%和62.4%~64.8%。对阳性病料进行了NSP2基因部分序列的扩增,测序结果显示12株PRRSV均属于美洲型毒株,12株PRRSV的NSP2部分序列均存在30个氨基酸的不连续缺失,与高致病性PRRSV有相同的缺失特征。12株PRRSV的ORF5遗传进化树分析显示,10株与高致病性PRRSV处在同一进化分支,进一步说明高致病性PRRSV已成为江西地区的优势流行毒株。     

Differentiation between porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus isolates by restriction fragment length polymorphism of their ORFs 6 and 7 genes.

Three distinct antigenic profiles were identified by comparing the reactivities of 15 Canadian field isolates, the attenuated U.S. vaccine (Ingelvac MLV) strain and 2 European reference strains (Lelystad and Weybridge) of the porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) by indirect immunofluorescence with a set of 4 monoclonal antibodies to the nucleocapsid (N) protein and 2 other to the matrix (M) protein. In the present study, 9 Canadian isolates for which the sequences were determined appeared closely related to 2 U.S. reference strains (ATCC VR-2332 and ATCC VR-2385) with amino acid identities varying between 90 to 98% for the M and N proteins; substitutions in the nucleotide sequences were distributed randomly throughout the ORFs 6 and 7 genes, and most were 3rd base silent mutations. In comparison, more than 30% divergence was demonstrated with the Lelystad virus. Furthermore, differentiation between North American and European isolates, and between field isolates and the MLV strain could be achieved by cutting PCR-amplified products encompassing both ORFs 6 and 7 genes with 4 restriction endonucleases. When taken individually, BsaJI and AluI were the more appropriate restriction enzymes for distinguishing the vaccine strain from field isolates. The results obtained suggest that the restriction fragment length polymorphism of the genomic region covering the ORFs 6 and 7 genes may be a valuable tool to differentiate among PRRSV isolates.     

高致病性PRRS活疫苗(HuN4-F112株)抗体对Ⅱ型不同亚群PRRSV的中和效果

为研究高致病性猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(HP-PRRSV)活疫苗(HuN4-F112株)诱导的抗体对II型不同亚群PRRSV的中和作用,本研究将10头PRRSV抗原、抗体阴性的6周龄仔猪,每头仔猪肌肉注射1头份疫苗(106.0TCID50/mL),每周采血并分离血清,检测该血清对II型PRRSV第1、2、4亚群的代表病毒株勃林格PRRSV活疫苗(VR-2332株)、PRRSV活疫苗(CH-1R株)和HP-PRRSV活疫苗(HuN4-F112株)的中和效价。实验结果显示,仔猪免疫3周后开始产生针对HuN4-F112的中和抗体,11周至22周抗体水平达到高峰,抗体持续至少25周,但只有少数免疫猪在几个时间点的血清对VR-2332和CH-1R疫苗株具有血清交叉中和作用,而且中和效价较低。     

Experimental Dual Infection of Specific Pathogen‐Free Pigs with Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus and Pseudorabies Virus

Twenty 6‐week‐old specific pathogen‐free pigs were divided into four groups. On day 0 of the experiment, PRRSV–PRV (n = 6) and PRRSV (n = 4) groups were intranasally inoculated with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) (10^5.6 TCID₅₀). On day 7, the PRRSV–PRV and PRV (n = 6) groups were intranasally inoculated with pseudorabies virus (PRV) (10^3.6 TCID₅₀). Control pigs (n = 4) were kept as uninoculated negative controls. Half of the pigs in each group were euthanized and necropsied on day 14 or 21. Clinical signs such as depression and anorexia were observed in the PRRSV–PRV and PRV groups after inoculation with PRV. Although febrile response was observed after virus inoculations, the duration of that response was prolonged in the PRRSV–PRV group compared with the other groups. The lungs in the PRRSV–PRV group failed to collapse and were mottled or diffusely tan and red, whereas the lungs of the pigs in the other groups were grossly normal. Histopathologically, interstitial pneumonia was present in all PRRSV‐inoculated pigs, but the pneumonic lesions were more severe in the PRRSV–PRV group. Mean PRRSV titres of tonsil and lung in the PRRSV–PRV group were significantly (P < 0.05) higher than that in the PRRSV group on day 21. These results indicate that dual infection with PRRSV and PRV increased clinical signs and pneumonic lesions in pigs infected with both viruses, as compared to pigs infected with PRRSV or PRV only, at least in the present experimental conditions.     

A survey of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome among wild boar populations in Korea

No information is currently available on porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) infection in wild boars (Sus scrofa) in Korea. In this study, the status of PRRS in wild boars was investigated. Blood samples were collected from 267 wild boars from eight provinces in Korea. Four of the samples tested (1.5%) were positive for PRRSV antibodies and eight (3.0%) were positive for antigens. Of the virus-positive samples, three and five samples were typed as containing European (EU, type 1) or North American (NA, type 2) viruses, respectively. Two amplicons (one from type 1 and one from type 2) were used to analyze the PRRSV open reading frame 7 (ORF7) sequence. The nucleotide sequences of type 1 PRRSV ORF7 had identities between 96.1% and 98.4% with PRRSVs from domestic pigs in Korea. The sequences of type 2 PRRSV ORF7 had identities of 100% with the PRRSV strain VR-2332, which was prototypic North American strain. These results show that PRRSVs are present in wild boars in Korea, and effective PRRSV surveillance of the wild boar population might therefore be useful for disease control.