应用中草药生产富硒鸡蛋及防控蛋鸡疾病效果观察

在饲料中添加1%和2%富硒中草药添加剂饲喂蛋鸡14~15 d,鸡蛋中含硒元素分别为0.091 3mg/kg和0.124 7 mg/kg,比对照组0.037 4 mg/kg分别提高1.44倍和2.33倍,差异显著(0.05);在饲料中添加3%富硒中草药添加剂饲喂蛋鸡,鸡蛋中含硒元素0.274 0 mg/kg,比对照组0.037 4 mg/kg提高6.33倍,差异极其显著(0.01)。应用富硒中草药配制饲料添加剂饲喂蛋鸡收到富硒鸡蛋效果,预防蛋鸡多种疾病效果明显。     

硒对STZ诱发糖尿病大鼠骨密度影响的研究初报

比较了在低硒饲料的基础上补充不同形态硒对糖尿病大鼠骨密度的影响。健康SD大鼠 1 2 8只 ,体重 50～ 60 g,随机分为 4组 ,每组 32只 ,雌雄各半 ,其中Ⅰ组为低硒对照组 (饲料含硒量 0 0 37mg/kg) ;Ⅱ组为补充亚硒酸钠组 (饲料含硒量 0 3mg/kg) ;Ⅲ组为补充富硒麦芽组(饲料含硒量 0 3mg/kg) ;Ⅳ组为补充富硒酵母组 (饲料含硒量 0 3mg/kg)。Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组的饲料均是在Ⅰ组低硒饲料的基础上分别添加适量的亚硒酸钠、富硒麦芽、富硒酵母后配制而成。喂饲 5周后 ,Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组用链脲佐菌素 (streptozotocin ,STZ)按 60mg/kg腹腔注射诱发糖尿病 ,继续饲喂 6周。用单光子吸收法测定各组大鼠的肱骨、股骨、胫骨、桡骨的骨密度。结果表明 :①STZ致糖尿病大鼠的骨密度随时间的延长有逐渐下降的趋势。Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ补硒组大鼠可以在一定时间内延缓STZ致糖尿病大鼠的骨密度下降。在此期间骨密度的下降以肱骨出现最早 ,股骨次之 ,桡骨、胫骨再次之。②饲料补硒组糖尿病大鼠的肱骨、股骨中硒的含量较饲料低硒组糖尿病大鼠的肱骨、股骨中硒的含量显著提高。③补充硒的形态 ,即有机硒 (富硒麦芽、富硒酵母 )或无机硒 (亚硒酸钠 )对糖尿病大鼠肱骨、股骨、胫骨、桡骨的骨密度影响差异不显著。     

乳酸粪肠球菌的筛选及富硒效果的试验研究

采用厌氧罐培养,对乳酸粪肠球菌进行筛选、富硒效果及富硒条件的研究,结果乳酸粪肠球菌具有较强的耐受硒和富集硒的能力,其富集硒的效果受培养发酵液中的硒添加量、接种量和发酵时间的影响.获得乳酸粪肠球菌最佳发酵产量和富硒量的条件,考虑到试验中的菌体红色因素,确定硒添加量35 mg/L、接种量10%、发酵时间28 h、pH4.5~6.3,是比较理想的乳酸粪肠球菌富硒发酵增殖培养条件.其发酵产量和最佳富硒量为:菌体产量404.10 mg/100ml,干物质产量683.14 mg/100 ml,菌体富硒量248.56 μg/100 ml,干物质富硒量393.21 μg/100 ml,发酵液环境硒量31.07 mg/L,干物质非有机硒量147.65 μg/100 ml.     

不同龄期富硒处理对柞蚕蛹体硒含量及茧质的影响研究

为探讨富硒试剂在柞蚕幼虫期的施用效果和施用龄期,2014—2016年进行了柞蚕蛹体富硒试验。结果表明:春柞蚕期,二龄与四龄施用固体富硒试剂蛹体硒含量可达到0.1627mg/kg,一龄施用富硒营养液蛹体硒含量可达到0.1372mg/kg;秋柞蚕期,二龄施用固体富硒试剂蛹体硒含量可达到0.7000 mg/kg,一龄与五龄施用富硒营养液蛹体硒含量可达到0.7102mg/kg。柞蚕蛹体内的硒含量恰好在国家标准富硒稻谷(GB/T 22499-2008)和几个省份肉类、禽蛋类地方标准所规定的范围之内。     

绿色富硒肉猪生产技术规程

安康市位于陕西省最南部，辖汉滨区、汉阴县、石泉县、宁陕县、紫阳县、岚皋县、平利县、镇坪县、旬阳县、白河县等一区九县，总面积2．49万km^2，富硒地层厚达40～50m，大部分地区土壤含硒量达中富硒区标准（0．2mg／kg以上），汉滨区、紫阳县、岚皋县等地达高富硒标准（0．6mg／kg以上），其中紫阳县的蒿坪镇、双安乡等地土壤含硒量达19．1mg／kg以上，最高达178．8mg／kg。该地区生产的畜禽肉含硒量达0．2-0．5mg／kg。     

富硒柞蚕蛹对镉暴露小鼠肝损伤和脂代谢紊乱的改善作用

为探讨富硒柞蚕蛹缓解镉（Cd）诱导小鼠肝损伤和脂代谢紊乱的影响，试验选取120只SPF级雄性健康昆明小鼠，适应性饲养1周后，随机分成4组，分别为对照组、富硒柞蚕蛹组、Cd处理组和富硒柞蚕蛹+Cd处理组。其中，对照组饲喂基础饲料，饮用蒸馏水；富硒柞蚕蛹组饲喂含1%富硒柞蚕蛹的饲料，饮用蒸馏水；Cd处理组饲喂基础饲料，饮用氯化镉水（10 mg/L）；富硒柞蚕蛹+Cd处理组饲喂含1%富硒柞蚕蛹的饲料，饮用氯化镉水（10 mg/L）。试验周期为8周。结果表明：Cd暴露引发小鼠肝脏脂质代谢紊乱并导致肝损伤，与对照组小鼠相比，Cd暴露后小鼠血清和肝脏中总胆固醇（TC）和甘油三酯（TG）含量均显著升高，血清中天冬氨酸转氨酶（AST）和丙氨酸转氨酶（ALT）含量升高。而富硒柞蚕蛹显著降低了Cd暴露小鼠肝脏和血清中TC和TG水平及血清中AST和AST水平。富硒柞蚕蛹调节Cd暴露导致的脂质代谢相关基因mRNA表达和酶活性，有效改善脂质积累，有助于缓减小鼠肝损伤。此外，富硒柞蚕蛹的添加也显著降低了肝组织中Cd的蓄积以及提高了肝脏中抗氧化酶超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH-Px）和过氧化氢...     

利用天然富硒玉米生产富硒鸡蛋试验

为了研究富硒玉米作为硒源生产富硒鸡蛋的最适添加量,试验将处于盛产期的海兰褐蛋鸡120只随机分为4组,分别饲喂由不同比例天然富硒玉米加工而成的配合饲料,在试验第14,21,28天每组随机取10枚鸡蛋进行硒含量测定。结果表明:富硒玉米配比为9.6%和14.5%时,蛋鸡持续饲喂14 d以上鸡蛋中的硒含量稳定在0.302 0~0.313 0 mg/kg和0.490 0~0.502 0 mg/kg之间,符合DB/T156—2012陕西省地方标准《富硒食品与相关产品硒含量标准》;富硒玉米配比为19.2%时,鸡蛋中的硒含量在0.812 9~0.821 4 mg/kg之间,超过富硒鸡蛋标准上限(0.5 mg/kg);而用未使用富硒玉米的蛋鸡配合饲料饲喂蛋鸡,鸡蛋中的硒含量没有达到富硒鸡蛋(0.2 mg/kg)标准。     

宁夏河套灌区富硒区绵羊肌肉及内脏硒含量分析

为了开发利用宁夏河套灌区富硒羊肉产品,试验采用单因素对比分析方法,在宁夏河套灌区石嘴山、银川、吴忠和中卫4市8县(区)富硒土壤区随机选择自繁自育周岁以上的育成或成年绵羊24只,屠宰后取肌肉及内脏样品进行硒含量测定。结果表明:硒在羊体内的沉积量顺序为肾脏睾丸肝脏肺脏和心脏胃肌背最长肌和股二头肌;肾脏硒含量最高,达0. 99 mg/kg;肝脏硒含量较高,达0. 21 mg/kg;背最长肌和股二头肌硒含量均为0. 04 mg/kg。说明宁夏河套灌区富硒区绵羊背最长肌、股二头肌、肝脏和肾脏硒含量均达到《富硒食品与其相关食品硒含量标准》(DB61/T 556—2012)中的富硒水平。     

绿色富硒肉鸡生产技术规程

安康地处陕南秦巴山区,辖汉滨区、汉阴、石泉、宁陕、紫阳、岚皋、平利、镇坪、旬阳、白河等一区九县,国土总面积2.34万km2,自然生态环境良好,全市森林覆盖率平均达60%以上,宁陕、镇坪等县高达80%以上。又是全国最大的富硒区,富硒地层厚度达40~50 m,大部分地区土地含硒量达中富硒区标准(0.2 mg/kg以上),汉滨区、紫阳县、岚皋县等地达高富硒标准(0.6 mg/kg以上),且不含毒素元     

富硒麦芽硒在鸡蛋中的分布及蛋鸡对其相对生物利用率

采用短期饲喂试验研究了富硒麦芽硒在鸡蛋中的沉积以及蛋鸡对其相对生物利用率。将30羽70周龄，产蛋率60%的伊莎蛋鸡随机均分为3组，A组为对照组，饲以基础日粮(含硒0.23mg/kg)；B、C组为试验组，B组饲以基础日粮加亚硒酸钠，日粮含硒(0.70±0.03)mg/kg,C组饲以基础日粮加富硒麦芽，日粮含硒(0.72±0.02)mg/kg。试验过程中观察蛋鸡的生产性能，定期从各组鸡所产蛋中随机抽取5枚测定蛋清、蛋黄硒含量，计算总硒量。试验结束时，每组鸡全部扑杀，测定其全血、肝、肾硒含量和GSH-Px的活性。结果显示，日粮中加硒可提高鸡蛋、肝、肾硒含量和全血、肝、肾GSH-Px活性，但对蛋鸡生产性能无显著影响；与亚硒酸钠一样，饲喂富硒麦芽鸡所产蛋中的硒主要存在于蛋黄中；以亚硒酸钠的相对生物利用率为100%计，富硒麦芽硒提高肝、肾硒含量和GSH-Px活性的相对生物利用率分别为86.4%、98%、116%、111%。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。     

Mechanism of Action of Probiotic Function of Lactobacilli

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制.     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。