抗犬I型腺病毒单克隆抗体的制备及生物学特性鉴定

摘要：目的　制备抗犬I型腺病毒单克隆抗体。方法　犬I型腺病毒(CAV-I)细胞培养液经饱和硫酸铵沉淀,差速离心浓缩,氯化铯密度梯度离心纯化后免疫BALB/c小鼠,三免后效价过1：10000即可取脾细胞与SP2/0细胞在聚乙二醇（PEG）作用下融合,通过间接ELISA方法筛选阳性杂交瘤细胞株,有限稀释法亚克隆,制备单克隆抗体,并对制备完成的单克隆抗体进行生物学特性鉴定。结果　获得2株能稳定分泌抗CAV-I的单克隆抗体杂交瘤细胞,命名为C8、E9,经鉴定其亚型分别为IgG1和IgG2a。经ELISA检测,2株单抗的细胞上清液效价为1∶1600~1∶3200,其腹水效价为1∶25600~1∶51200。该单克隆抗体与CDV、FPV、FCV病毒均无交叉反应。结论　成功制备了抗CAV-I单克隆抗体,为进一步建立相关诊断方法奠定了基础。     

赤羽病病毒单克隆抗体的制备及c-ELISA抗体检测方法建立

为建立一种用于快速检测赤羽病病毒抗体的竞争ELISA法。用AKV病毒免疫Balb/C小鼠,将其脾细胞与SP2/0细胞进行免疫融合,以获得抗AKV的单克隆抗体;利用Bac-to-Bac杆状病毒表达的SBV N蛋白作为诊断特异性抗原,山羊抗鼠HRP-IgG为二抗,建立并优化AKV抗体检测的竞争ELISA方法。得到一株持续稳定繁殖的能够分泌单抗AKV核蛋白抗体的杂交瘤细胞株,单抗亚型鉴定为：重链IgG1,轻链kappa,仅能与AKV病毒呈阳性反应,与BTV、FAMD、EHDV病毒等病毒抗原不发生特异性反应;建立的检测AKV抗体ELISA检测方法,诊断抗原最佳包被浓度为0.5μg/mL,1∶1 000抗体稀释比,1∶50血清稀释比,1∶2 000二抗稀释比,封闭条件为5%BSA,37℃封闭2 h,确定了血清抑制率大于等于44%时为阳性,小于44%为阴性;所建立的ELISA方法敏感性和特异性鉴定结果与ID Screen AKV Competition检测试剂盒一致。本试验成功制备出一株分泌针对AKV N蛋白的杂交瘤细胞系,建立的ELISA检测方法能够用于检测动物AKV抗体,为进一步开展AKV抗体...     

抗猪瘟病毒单克隆抗体的制备及其生物学特性鉴定

为对猪瘟病毒(CSFV)建立更加有效的临床检测方法.用纯化的猪瘟兔化弱毒免疫BALB/c小鼠,取其脾细胞与Sp2/O骨髓瘤细胞融合.经ELISA方法筛选和3次亚克隆,最终获得了5株能稳定传代并分泌抗猪瘟病毒单克隆抗体的杂交瘤细胞株,分别命名为:C7,C9,G9,G10和4E8,其分泌的单克隆抗体(McAb)为IgG1(G9,4E8)和IgG2a(C7.C9,G10)亚类.经鉴定,5株单抗细胞培养上清效价为1:1 600～1:3200,腹水效价为1:51200～1:102400.交叉试验及特异性抗原阻断试验表明,所制备的McAb与其他抗原无交叉反应性,均完全针对猪瘟病毒(CSFV)抗原决定簇,具有高度特异性.稳定性试验表明,制备的杂交瘤细胞株经连续传代25代和经3次冻存复苏后,仍能稳定分泌特异性抗体.抗CSFV McAb的成功制备,为进一步研究CSFV的生物学特性及其快速诊断方法的建立奠定了基础.     

抗伪狂犬病毒闽A株单克隆抗体的制备及鉴定

用纯化的猪伪狂犬病病毒闽A株(PRV-FA)免疫Balb/c鼠,取脾细胞和骨髓瘤细胞进行细胞融合,经间接ELISA筛选,获得2株能稳定分泌伪狂犬病毒单克隆抗体的杂交瘤细胞株,分别命名为4G9E9和4H9C9.这2株杂交瘤细胞株细胞培养上清和小鼠腹水效价(EusA)分别为1:6 400、1:12 800及1:12 800、1:25 600.特异性鉴定结果表明,各株单抗均不与猪瘟病毒、乙脑病毒、猪呼吸繁殖障碍综合症病毒、猪细小病毒等发生交叉反应,这2株抗PRV杂交瘤细胞株的获得为进一步建立准确快速的抗原检测方法奠定了基础.     

禽呼肠孤病毒σ3蛋白单克隆抗体的制备及特性鉴定

用体外表达的蛋白作为免疫原来制备特异的单克隆抗体,并对制备的抗体进行鉴定。将ARVσ3蛋白基因在体外扩增,扩增产物与载体PGEX-4T-1连接并在基因工程菌中表达,体外表达的蛋白经纯化后作为免疫原来制备特异的单克隆抗体和ELISA检测包被抗原,测定纯化后蛋白的浓度,按每鼠100μg的蛋白用量免疫BALB/c小鼠,免疫4次后取其脾细胞与骨髓瘤细胞SP2/0按5∶1进行融合。对融合后的杂交瘤细胞及时筛选,阳性孔经3次有限稀释法克隆,通过间接E-LISA方法测定其抗体效价,并通过Western Blot、Dot-ELISA、直接免疫荧光、病毒中和等方法对获得的单抗特性进行检测。结果通过纯化的病毒含量为41.5 mg/mL,应用纯化的病毒免疫BALB/c小鼠后与骨髓瘤细胞融合,通过克隆筛选成功获得1株能稳定传代并分泌抗禽呼肠孤病毒单克隆抗体的杂交瘤细胞株σ3 B6-3 K3,用其制备的腹水经间接E-LISA测定效价达105以上,并且与其他参试病毒株没有交叉反应,具有良好的特异性;病毒中和试验证明其中和能力低。应用ARVσ3蛋白制备并获得的杂交瘤细胞株σ3 B6-3 K3具有很好的特异性,不具有中和ARV的关键表位,可以用于ARV的特异性检测。     

番茄环斑病毒单克隆抗体的制备及检测

将纯化的番茄环斑病毒(Tomato ringspot virus,ToRSV)制剂免疫BALB/c小鼠,末次免疫后第3天取其脾细胞与SP2/0细胞融合,采用选择性培养基、有限稀释法克隆和间接ELISA方法进行筛选,成功获得了2株分泌ToRSV单克隆抗体的杂交瘤细胞株并分别命名为1H8、1D4.用间接ELISA方法对所获得的2个杂交瘤细胞株进行亚型鉴定均为IgG1亚类.间接ELISA效价测定结果1H8为1:105,1D4为1:106.TAS-ELISA实验结果表明此2株杂交瘤细胞所分泌的单克隆抗体均能与本研究室保存的从德国引进的番茄环斑病毒分离物、从美国ATCC引进的番茄环斑病毒分离物PV-100、PV-174、PV-239发生特异性反应,而不与同属其它3种病毒:烟草环斑病毒(Tobacco ringspot virus,TRSV)、南芥菜花叶病毒(Arabis mosaic virus,ArMV)、马铃薯黑环斑病毒(Potato black ringspot virus,PBRSV)发生反应.     

沙拉沙星单克隆抗体制备及鉴定

为制备敏感性好、亲和力高、特异性强的抗沙拉沙星(Sarafloxacin,SARA)单克隆抗体,采用碳二亚胺法合成SARA人工抗原,通过免疫BALB/c小鼠,选择血清效价高且敏感性好的小鼠,采用杂交瘤细胞技术进行细胞融合,筛选分泌抗SARA单克隆抗体(Monoclonal antibody,mAb)的杂交瘤细胞株;采用体内诱生腹水法制备SARA mAb,通过间接ELISA和间接竞争ELISA对SARA mAb的免疫学特性进行鉴定。结果表明:小鼠经免疫原免疫后,小鼠多抗血清效价均达到1∶128 000。选择敏感性较好的2号小鼠进行细胞融合,经多次亚克隆后,筛选出1G3、3H3两株杂交瘤细胞株,其中1G3所产SARA mAb效价较高,为1∶512 000,IC_(50)为6.34 ng/mL,亲和常数为8.55×10~8L/mol,与诺氟沙星的交叉反应率为1.06%,与其他药物交叉反应率均低于0.50%。     

IBDV单克隆抗体杂交瘤细胞株的建立及其应用

用经硫酸铵沉淀、高速离心并用蔗糖密度梯度离心提纯的鸡传染性法氏囊病病毒(IBDV)免疫BALB/C小鼠.取免疫鼠脾细胞与NS—1小鼠骨髓瘤细胞触合,共获11株阳性杂交瘤细胞.经3次克隆化和ELISA检测,筛选出3个(1B_1、5D_6、6D_8)能持续分泌抗IBDV单克隆抗体的杂交瘤细胞株.细胞上清液的ELISA效价为1B_1,3.2×10~(-2);5D_6,6.4×10~(-2);6D_8,3.2×10~(-2).腹水效价为1B_1,1.6×10~(-5);5D_6,8×10~(-4);6D_8,4×10~(-3).3株杂交瘤细胞的染色体数分别为105(1B_1),97(5D_6),85(6D_8).它们所产生的单抗皆为IgG1,所对抗的抗原决定簇不相同.3株McAb皆有沉淀特性.利用间接ELISA抑制试验,在诊断中进行了应用.     

淀粉磷酸化酶原核表达及单克隆抗体的制备

旨在体外表达淀粉磷酸化酶,免疫小鼠制备单克隆抗体。用PCR扩增木薯淀粉磷酸化酶基因,将其克隆到原核表达载体(pET28a)中,经E.coli表达纯化淀粉磷酸化酶。用纯化的淀粉磷酸化酶蛋白免疫Babl/c小鼠,间接ELISA测定小鼠血清效价,取小鼠脾细胞与小鼠SP2/0细胞融合,制备能产生抗淀粉磷酸化酶单克隆抗体的杂交瘤细胞株,并检测其亚型和抗体稳定性。重组质粒在E.coli中能高效表达淀粉磷酸化酶,免疫小鼠后取效价高的3#小鼠脾脏细胞和SP2/0细胞融合,共获得15株抗体效价均达到10~5以上,能稳定分泌抗淀粉磷酸化酶抗体的细胞株,与钙调蛋白、牛血清白蛋白无交叉反应,抗体亚型鉴定其中13株为IgG型抗体,其中2株抗体性能非常稳定。本实验制备的淀粉磷酸化酶单克隆抗体效价高、特异性强、稳定性好,为后续木薯中淀粉磷酸化酶研究奠定基础。     

新城疫病毒HN蛋白单克隆抗体的制备及其抗原捕捉ELISA方法的建立

为建立一种快速的新城疫病毒病原检测方法。本研究以原核表达的重组HN蛋白免疫7周龄BALB/c雌鼠,取其脾细胞与骨髓瘤细胞SP2/0进行融合,经间接ELISA方法筛选,成功获得了1株能稳定分泌抗新城疫病毒HN蛋白的McAb杂交瘤细胞,命名为4E8,4E8亚类鉴定为重链属于IgG2a,轻链属于κ链。以多克隆抗体作为包被抗体、单克隆抗体4E8作为检测抗体,通过双抗夹心ELISA各个反应条件的优化,建立检测新城疫病毒抗原捕捉ELISA方法。该方法对EDSV、ITLV、IBV、IBDV不发生交叉反应,其敏感性比HA试验要高4倍以上,与RT-PCR相比较,符合率、敏感性和特异性分别为95.6%、93.3%、96.1%。本研究建立的NDV AC-ELISA有良好的重复性、敏感性和特异性,可应用于新城疫病毒感染的早期诊断。     

Location of a high-lysine gene and the DDT-resistance gene on barley chromosome 7

Summary The high-lysine gene in Risø mutant 1508 conditions an increased lysine content in the endosperm via a changed protein composition, a decreased seed size, and several other characters of the seed. The designation lys3a, lys3b, and lys3c, is proposed for the allelic high-lysine genes in three Risø mutants, nos 1508, 18, and 19. Linkage studies with translocations locate the lys3 locus in the centromere region of chromosome 7. A linkage study involving the loci lys3 and ddt (resistance to DDT) together with the marker loci fs (fragile stem), s (short rachilla hairs), and r (smooth awn) show that the order of the five loci on chromosome 7 from the long to the short chromosome arm is r, s, fs, lys3, ddt. The distance from locus r to locus ddt is about 100 centimorgans.     

Biological Activity and Quantification of Suspected Allelochemicals from Alfalfa Plant Parts

Autotoxicity restricts reseeding of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) after alfalfa until autotoxic chemical(s) breaks down or is dispersed into external environments. A series of aqueous extracts from leaves, stems, roots and seeds of alfalfa ‘Vernal’ were bioassayed against alfalfa seedlings of the same cultivar to determine their autotoxicity. The highest inhibition was found in the extracts from the leaves. Extracts at 40 g dry tissue l^?1 from alfalfa leaves were 15.4, 17.5 and 28.7 times more toxic to alfalfa root growth than were those from roots, stems and seeds, respectively. A high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis with nine standard compounds showed that the concentrations and compositions of allelopathic compounds depended on the plant parts. In leaf extracts that showed the most inhibitory effect on root growth, the highest amounts of allelochemicals were detected. Among nine phenolic compounds assayed for their phytotoxicity on root growth of alfalfa, coumarin, trans‐cinnamic acid and o‐coumaric acid at 10^?3 m were most inhibitory. The type and amount of causative allelochemicals found in alfalfa plant parts were highly correlated with the results of the bioassay, indicating that the autotoxic effects of alfalfa plant parts significantly differed.     

Simultaneous Determination of Four Phenolic Acids in Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae Formula Granules by QAMS

[Objectives]This study aimed to establish a QAMS(quantitative analysis of multi-components by single-marker)method for simultaneous determination of four phenol...     

Changes in Seed Yield and Quality with Maturity in Onion (Allium cepa L., cv. 'Early Cream Gold')

Development of onion (Allium cepa L., cv. ‘Early Cream Gold’) seed under cool climate conditions in Tasmania, Australia occurred over a longer duration than previously reported, but similar patterns of change in yield components were recorded. In contrast to previous studies, umbel moisture content declined from 85 to 67 % over 57 days while seed moisture content decreased from 85 to 31 %. Seed yield continued to increase over the duration of crop development, with increasing seed weight compensating for seed loss resulting from capsule dehiscence in the later stages of maturation. Germination percentage was high and did not vary significantly from 53 to 77 days after full bloom (DAF), but mean germination time declined and uniformity of germination increased significantly over the same time period. The percentage abnormal seedlings declined with later harvest date, resulting in highest seed quality at 77 DAF. The results of this study suggest that the decision to harvest cool climate onion seed crops before capsule dehiscence will result in a loss of potential seed yield and quality.     

Pollen and pollination experiments. III. The viability of apple and pear pollen as affected by irradiation and storage

Summary Apple and pear pollen was irradiated with doses of 0, 50, 100, 250 and 500 krad (gamma rays) and stored at 4°C and 0–10% r.h. From the in-vitro germination percentages an average LD 50 dose of about 220 krad was estimated. For both irradiated and untreated pollen a close and corresponding lineair relationship existed between germination percentage and pollen tube growth.Irradiated pollen was much more sensitive to dry storage conditions than untreated pollen, resulting in less germination and more bursting. Apparently, irradiation caused the pollen cell membrane to lose its flexibility faster than normal. Rehydration of dry-stored, irradiated pollen in water-saturated air restored germination percentages up to their initial levels. The importance of this procedure in germination trials is stressed.     

Water Extraction Process of Chinese Herbal Compound Man Gan Ning

[Objectives]To optimize the water extraction process of Chinese Herbal Compound Man Gan Ning and establish a method for its extraction and content determination...     

Present status and future strategy in breeding faba beans (Vicia Faba L.) for resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses

Progress is being made, mainly by ICARDA but also elsewhere, in breeding for resistance to Botrytis, AScochyta, Uromyces, and Orobanche; and some lines have resistance to more than one pathogen. The strategy is to extend multiple resistance but also to seek new and durable forms of resistance. Internationally coordinated programs are needed to maintain the momentum of this work.Tolerance of abiotic stresses leads to types suited to dry or cold environments rather than broad adaptability, but in this cross-pollinated species, the more hybrid vigor expressed by a cultivar, the more it is likely to tolerate various stresses.     

Optimization of Extraction Technology and Determination of Content of Total Phenols of Leaves in Acanthopanax giraldii Harms

[Objectives] To determine the optimum extraction technology for total phenols of leaves in Acanthopanax giraldii Harms.[Methods]The single factor test and ortho...     

Cytoplasmic male sterility,resistance to gall mite and mildew,and season of leafing out in black currants

Summary Cytoplasmic male sterility (cms) is described in the F₁ hybrids Ribes × carrierei (R. glutinosum albidum × R. nigrum) and R. sanguineum × R. nigrum. In backcrosses to R. nigrum, progenies with R. glutinosum cytoplasm were either all male sterile, or segregated for full male fertility (F) and complete (S) and partial (I) male sterility. Ratios of F:I+S suggested that two linked genes controlled cms, F plants being dominant for one (Rf ₁) and recessive for the other (Rf ₂).Segregation for cms in relation to three linded genes, Ce (resistance to the gall mite, Cecidophyopsis ribes), Sph ₃(resistance to American gooseberry mildew, Sphaerotheca mors-uvae) and Lf ₁(one of two dominant additive genes controlling early season leafing out) indicated that Rf ₁and Rf ₂were in this linkage group. The gene order and approximate crossover values appeared to be: % MathType!MTEF!2!1!+-% feaafiart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn% hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXafv3ySLgzGmvETj2BSbqef0uAJj3BZ9Mz0bYu% H52CGmvzYLMzaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqr1ngBPrgifHhDYfgasa% acOqpw0xe9v8qqaqFD0xXdHaVhbbf9v8qqaqFr0xc9pk0xbba9q8Wq% Ffea0-yr0RYxir-Jbba9q8aq0-yq-He9q8qqQ8frFve9Fve9Ff0dme% aabaqaciGacaGaamqadaabaeaafaaakeaacaWGdbGaamyzamaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGWaGaaiOlaiaacgdacaGG0aGaaiiiaiaacc% caaaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaamOuaiaadAgaliaaigdakmaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaaccdacaGGUaGaaiOmaiaacs% dacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaaaacaWGsbGaamOzaSGa% aGOmaOWaaWaaaeaacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacc% cacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccaaaGaamitaiaadAgaliaaigdakmaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacc% cacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaaaaiaadofacaWGWbGaamiAaSGa% aG4maaaa!6E4D!\[Ce\underline { 0.14 } Rf1\underline { 0.24 } Rf2\underline { } Lf1\underline { } Sph3\]. Crossover values of 0.36 for Ce-Lf ₁, and 0.15 for Lf ₁-Sph ₃were estimated from the relative mean differences in season of leafing out between seedlings dominant and recessive for Ce and Sph ₃.It is suggested that competitive disadvantage of lf ₁-carrying gametes and/or zygotes at low temperatures may be implicated in the almost invariable deficit of plants dominant for the closely linked mildew resistance allele Sph ₃. Poor performance of lf ₁- (and possibly lf ₂-) carrying gametes and young zygotes during periods of low temperature at flowering might also account for the liability of some late season cultivars and selections to premature fruit drop (running off).     

Screening techniques and sources of resistance to parasitic angiosperms

Parasitic angiosperms cause great losses in many important crops under different climatic conditions and soil types. The most widespread and important parasitic angiosperms belong to the genera Orobanche, Striga, and Cuscuta. The most important economical hosts belong to the Poaceae, Asteraceae, Solanaceae, Cucurbitaceae, and Fabaceae. Although some resistant cultivars have been identified in several crops, great gaps exist in our knowledge of the parasites and the genetic basis of the resistance, as well as the availability of in vitro screening techniques. Screening techniques are based on reactions of the host root or foliage. In vitro or greenhouse screening methods based on the reaction of root and/or foliar tissues are usually superior to field screenings and can be used with many species. To utilize them in plant breeding, it is necessary to demonstrate a strong correlation between in vitro and field data. The correlation should be calculated for every environment in which selection is practiced. Using biochemical analysis as a screening technique has had limited success. The reason seems to be the complex host-parasite interactions which lead to germination, rhizotropism, infection, and growth of the parasite. Germination results from chemicals produced by the host. Resistance is only available in a small group of crops. Resistance has been found in cultivated, primitive and wild forms, depending on the specific host-parasite system. An additional problem is the existence of pathotypes in the parasites. Inheritance of host resistance is usually polygenic and its transfer is slow and tedious. Molecular techniques have yet to be used to locate resistance to parasitic angiosperms. While intensifying the search for genes that control resistance to specific parasitic angiosperms, the best strategy to screen for resistance is to improve the already existing in vitro or greenhouse screening techniques.