Effect of probiotic on reproductive performance in female livebearing ornamental fish

A probiotic bacterial strain, Bacillus subtilis, isolated from the intestine of Cirrhinus mrigala (Hamilton), was incorporated in fish feed at four different concentrations (5 × 10⁸ cells g⁻², 5 × 10⁷ cells g⁻², 5 × 10⁶cells g⁻¹ and 5 × 10⁵ cells g⁻¹) and fed to four species of livebearing ornamental fish, Poecilia reticulata (Peters), Poecilia sphenops (Valenciennes), Xiphophorus helleri (Heckel) and Xiphophorus maculatus (Gunther) for one year duration to observe the effect of dietary probiotic supplementation on their reproductive performance. Sixty virgin females of each species were stocked separately in circular FRP tanks (350 L) and fed diets with varying levels of probiotic cells and control feed. Broodstock performance was evaluated based on gonadosomatic index (GSI), fecundity and fry production of female broodstock. The results showed that supplementation of feed with probiotics increased significantly (P<0.05) the GSI, fecundity and fry production of spawning females and length and weight of fry in all the four species of fish. The number of dead and deformed fry were also significantly lower (P<0.05) in fish fed with the probiotic feeds. The use of higher concentration of the probiont in diet did not always lead to significantly improved reproductive performance of the spawners. Collectively, this study showed that female livebearers benefit from inclusion of probiotics in diet during their reproductive stages.     

剑尾鱼侏儒突变的骨骼异常及其遗传

以侏儒剑尾鱼为母本,与正常体型的雄性剑尾鱼进行交配,发现其后代的体型表现呈连续分布,部分与父本类似,部分与母本相仿,且存在中间类型,很难有明确的差别界限以区分个体表型的不同。后代中的侏儒个体主要表现为体型短,身体臃肿,游动笨拙,其体长和体高的比例出现了明显的变化。F₁自交和回交,结果显示:不同组合后代的体型也呈连续分布。剑尾鱼的侏儒性状可遗传,但后代的性状表现不只是一种表型,而是影响一组表型,符合数量性状遗传的基本特征,推测或为多个数量性状基因控制。通过对突变剑尾鱼骨骼形态的分析发现:侏儒剑尾鱼的脊柱长度明显变短,但脊椎骨数量与正常个体并无差异,都在26~29之间;突变体的椎体明显变短,脊椎的纵向发育受阻,髓棘、脉棘等排列紧密,发育也受影响。因而推测,剑尾鱼的侏儒突变是由于脊椎的发育缺陷所致,椎体异常是其体型变化的结构基础。鱼类是低等脊椎动物的代表,剑尾鱼侏儒突变个体不仅可育,其性状也能遗传,且与脊椎的发育关系密切,或可作为模型材料进行系统研究。     

Effects of dimethoate and beta-naphthoflavone on selected biomarkers of Poecilia reticulata

The main objective of the present study was to investigate if a battery of enzymatic biomarkers was suitable for use as effect criteria in acute toxicity tests with Poecilia reticulata. To attain this objective, the in vivo effects of dimethoate and beta-naphthoflavone on acetylcholinesterase (AChE), cytochrome P4501A-dependent monooxygenase activity of 7-ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase (EROD), glutathione S-transferases (GST), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and Na⁺-K⁺-ATPase activities of P. reticulata were studied. After 96 h of exposure to sublethal concentrations (0.063 mg l⁻¹ to 1 mg l⁻¹) of the pesticide, an inhibition of the enzymes AChE and GST, as well as an induction of LDH was observed. The compound beta-naphthoflavone significantly induced both EROD and GST. The remaining enzymes analysed were not significantly altered by the exposure to beta-naphthoflavone (0.82 mg l⁻¹ to 1.7 mg l⁻¹). These results suggest that in vivo toxicity tests based on the biomarkers used in this study are sensitive and present advantages to conventional acute tests based on mortality, since they were able to detect sublethal effects in a short-period of time (96 h) indicating target and/or detoxification mechanisms. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Dietary probiotic supplementation in growth and health of live-bearing ornamental fishes

Bacillus subtilis, a probiont isolated from the intestine of Cirrhinus mrigala (Hamilton), was incorporated in fish feed at four different concentrations (5 × 10⁸, 5 × 10⁷, 5 × 10⁶ and 5 × 10⁵ cells g^?1) and fed to Poecilia reticulata (Peters), Poecilia sphenops (Valenciennes), Xiphophorus helleri (Heckel) and Xiphophorus maculatus (Gunther) for a period of 90 days. The growth parameters, proximate composition of whole body, digestive enzymes and gut microbiology were monitored at regular monthly intervals. The increments in length and weight and the survival were significantly higher (P < 0.05) and the values of food conversions were significantly lower (P < 0.05) in fishes fed the probiotic feeds. The administration of B. subtilis in diet resulted in an increase (P > 0.05) in body ash and protein content and in the specific activity of protease and amylase in the digestive tract of all the fishes. The counts of total heterotrophs, motile aeromonads, presumptive pseudomonads and total coliforms were significantly lower (P < 0.05) in the gut of the probiotic fed fishes. Bacillus subtilis persisted in the fish intestine and in the feed in high numbers during the feeding period. The high survival and low infectivity recorded in the probiotic feed fed fishes when challenged by immersion assay with the pathogenic Aeromonas hydrophila demonstrate that the probiotic strain confers disease resistance in live‐bearing ornamental fishes. A probiotic concentration of 10⁶ to 10⁸ cells g^?1 is adequate for improved growth performance and survival and for healthy gut microenvironment and use of higher concentration of the probiont did not always lead to significantly better results.     

Estimation of the mode of inheritance of thermal tolerance in the guppy <Emphasis Type="Italic">Poecilia reticulata</Emphasis>

High water temperature influences the survival, growth, and maturation of fish. Genetically characterizing thermal tolerance is one of the most important subjects in fish culture. To identify the genetic characterization of thermal tolerance, this characteristic was compared among strains, and among parents and their offspring, in the guppy Poecilia reticulata. In the strain comparison, significant differences in survival rate were observed among the five strains examined, and between females and males. Females exhibited greater tolerance than males in four of five strains examined. In the comparison between parents and their offspring, stronger influence of female parent than of male parent was observed. Offspring obtained from surviving females exhibited greater tolerance than those from dead females. This tendency was typically observed in male offspring. The survival rate in male offspring obtained from dead female parents was lower than that of those from surviving females. The high-temperature tolerance of male parents did not influence this characteristic in offspring as strongly as that of female parents. These results suggest that the major gene or genes, which has a dominant resistant allele and a recessive sensitive allele, are probably passed on by sex-linked inheritance, located on the X chromosome.     

塘田联作对池塘水质及罗氏沼虾生长的影响

为探索节能减排的池塘养殖新模式,开展了罗氏沼虾(Macrobrachium rosenbergii)-水稻塘田联作试验。以罗氏沼虾-水稻联作试验塘和罗氏沼虾单养对照塘各1口为研究对象,监测池塘的主要水环境因子动态及罗氏沼虾生长指标,分析塘田联作模式对池塘水质及罗氏沼虾生长的影响。试验塘被改造为养殖区与稻田两部分以模拟塘田联作,每部分面积各占50%。水稻于2018年4月22日机栽完毕,5月12日放养虾苗,6月28日起进行水质和生长监测。结果显示:1)试验期间试验塘平均水温比对照塘低0.82℃;2)试验塘水体无机氮(NH4+-N、NO2--N、NO3--N)、活性磷酸盐-磷(PO43--P)、总悬浮颗粒物(TPM)、颗粒有机物(POM)、颗粒无机物(PIM)浓度、化学需氧量(COD)和变异系数(CV)在整个养殖期间均低于对照塘,且NH4+-N、COD与对照塘差异显著(P<0.05),而对照塘对应水质指标在养殖后期均出现大幅升高;3)试验塘特定生长率和增重率分别为3.07%·d-1和459.40%,而对照塘分别为2.86%·d-1和397.44%。结果表明,塘田联作能降低夏季高温期池塘水温及水体氮(N)、磷(P)浓度与COD,并保持水质稳定,促进罗氏沼虾的生长。     

Water quality and phytoplankton stability in response to application frequency of bioaugmentation agent in shrimp ponds

Splitting the recommended weekly dosage of bioaugmentation agent and applied at varying frequencies were tested to determine its effects on water quality and phytoplankton stability in tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon) grow-out ponds. The supplier's recommended weekly dosage was followed but at varying application frequencies namely: once per week, twice per week, and four times per week for the duration of 120 culture days. A treatment with no bioaugmentation was added as control. Results showed that ammonia and particulate organic matter levels were significantly lower and plankton die-off was greatly minimized if the product was applied four times a week application compared with twice a week and weekly applications. Significant reduction in the number of luminous Vibrio species was observed in ponds with more frequent applications than those with less. For shrimp, survival and production were significantly higher in ponds with twice and four times per week applications compared to the weekly application and the control (P < 0.05). Results of this study indicate that splitting the weekly dosage of bioaugmentation agent and applying it four times per week is highly beneficial and ideal for shrimp culture.     

纯氧充气对大菱鲆生长及水质指标的影响

主要研究了纯氧增氧技术对大菱鲆的生长及养殖水体中几项重要水质因子的影响。本实验中,实验池中的溶氧最低能维持在8.96±0.16mg/L,最高时可达到12.2±0.71mg/L。经过282d的培养,大菱鲆体重由30.43±0.42g达到1103.73±19.00g,日增重率平均为1.24±0.14%,整个实验期间大菱鲆均处于快速生长状态。至实验结束时,养殖密度最终达到33.99±0.59kg/m3。养殖水体中,pH变化范围在7.62～8.03之间,平均pH为7.76±0.05。COD变化范围在0.75～1.85mg/L,平均COD为1.04±0.16mg/L。亚硝酸盐浓度1.27～7.23μg/L之间,平均浓度在3.23±0.21μg/L。氨氮浓度一般维持在0.07～0.28mg/L,平均浓度为0.14±0.02mg/L。硝酸盐浓度在0.39～0.69mg/L之间,平均浓度为0.51±0.02mg/L。COD、pH、亚硝酸盐浓度很低,均在渔业水质标准所规定的范围以内。     

Influence of management protocols on carp growth under nursery conditions: relative importance of food and water quality

Twenty outdoor holding tanks (10 m–3 each), were filled with ground water and grouped into five feeding schemes: live zooplankton cultured outside the fish growing tank (LFS); direct nursery pond fertilization schedule in static (MS) as well as in exchanged water (EMS); intermediate conditions between the LFS and MS (IS); and supplementary food system using mixture (1:1) of finely ground mustard oilcake and boiled rice (SFS). Two hundred common carp (Cyprinus carpio) fry were introduced into each of the twenty outdoor tanks maintained at ambient temperature outside the laboratory. After 90 days of rearing, the fish were harvested and analysed for various growth parameters and food conversion efficiency. The average weight of carp attained in the LFS was significantly higher than that in the other four feeding schemes. The frequency distribution of final body weight of common carp showed the preponderance of large and small fish in the LFS and MS, respectively. Likewise, plankton intake by the carp fry was highest in the LFS. The rate of survival was much higher in the LFS as compared with the rest of the treatments. The water quality remained far better in the former than the latter. © Rapid Science Ltd. 1998     

Natural food evaluation and water quality in zero water exchange culture of Litopenaeus vannamei fertilized with wheat bran

The aim of this study was to analyze the influence of organic fertilizer on the availability of natural food (plankton and benthos) and water quality. Two fertilization protocols were adopted using inorganic and organic fertilizers with shrimp (stocked treatment) and their controls (unstocked treatment). Experimental units consisted of 12 circular fiberglass tanks (500 l) with estuarine sediment, individual aeration and no water exchange. In stocked treatments were used 40 juveniles/m², and they were fed with 35% crude protein marine shrimp ration, three times a day. Under the organic fertilization protocol, the plankton showed higher abundance of Nitzschia and rotifers, the phytobenthos consisted mainly of Nitzschia, Amphiprora and Oscillatoria, the epibenthos was represented mainly by nematodes and rotifers, and the macro-invertebrates were mainly oligochaetes. In relation to inorganic fertilization, the plankton was represented mainly by Coscinodiscus and rotifers, the phytobenthos consisted mainly of Amphiprora and Oscillatoria, the epibenthos was represented mainly by nematodes and rotifers, and the macro-invertebrates were mainly oligochaetes. Dissolved oxygen was higher for organic fertilizer (6.16 ± 0.98 mg/l) than for inorganic (5.92 ± 1.19 mg/l) while the other water quality parameters did not present significant differences. Survival was similar in the two fertilization regimes (96.6%). Final body weight was 11.89 ± 1.73 g for the inorganic fertilizers and 12.28 ± 1.71 g for organic fertilizer. It is concluded that wheat bran showed good performance in the water quality without exchange, in the availability of natural food, and in the growth and survival of the shrimps in the microcosms.     

投喂频率对工厂化循环水养殖星康吉鳗生长、生理指标及其水质的影响

本研究采用生理学和实验生态学方法探究了工厂化循环水养殖模式下,不同投喂频率对星康吉鳗(Conger myriaster)生长、生理指标以及水质因子的影响。选用初始体重为(150.64±5.43) g的星康吉鳗为研究对象,实验共设2组,分别为1次/天(T1组)、2次/天(T2组),每组3个重复,实验周期为70d。实验每14d检测各养殖池实验鱼平均体重和循环水系统水质指标;实验结束时,采集星康吉鳗血液、组织相关样品,用于生长、生理指标的测定与分析。结果显示,T2组终末体重(FBW)、终末体长(FBL)、增重率(WGR)、特定生长率(SGR)显著高于T1组(P<0.05),T1组饲料系数(FCR)显著高于T2组(P<0.05)。T1组血清丙二醛(MDA)显著高于T2组(P<0.05),T2组肝脏谷草转氨酶(AST)、肝脏谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、肠道胰蛋白酶(TPS)显著高于T1组(P<0.05)。T1组、T2组出口水NH₄⁺-N、NO₂^--N 24 h变化中分别有1处(24:00)和...     

Effects of water exchange regimes on growth, survival and shell normality of the hatchery reared juvenile spotted babylon (Babylonia areolata Link 1807) in a recirculating seawater system

Growth, survival and shell normality of hatchery reared juvenile Babylonia areolata were examined at four water exchange regimes of 0, 15, 30 and 60 day intervals in a recirculating seawater system over a 120 day experimental period. Higher body weight gains and shell length increments were observed in snails held at water exchange of 15 day intervals, especially when compared with those held at water exchange of 60 and 0 day intervals (P < 0.05). Water exchange affected the final survival of B. areolata. At the end of the experiment, final survival rates were 65.47 ± 0.66%, 87.48 ± 0.67%, 86.34 ± 0.92% and 78.50 ± 3.26% for snails held in the water exchange treatments of 0, 15, 30, and 60 day intervals, respectively, and those of shell abnormality were 97.65 ± 1.04%, 93.09 ± 2.34%, 97.08 ± 1.18% and 96.71 ± 1.84%, respectively. The present study concluded that water exchange regimes of the recirculating system influenced growth, survival, shell normality and water quality of the recirculating culture system for this species.     

Characterization of water quality in shrimp ponds of different sizes and with different management regimes using multivariate statistical analysis

Coastal shrimp aquaculture in Bangladesh is mostly practiced in an agricultural unit called a Gher, which is a special type of agricultural field with elevated surrounding embankments/borders situated by the side of a river that is used to grow rice in winter and shrimp in summer. Ghers of different sizes are managed in different ways. An on-farm project was carried out to study the effects of Gher size and their related management practices on water quality, shrimp production and the economic returns of shrimp farming in the Southwest coastal region of Bangladesh. We present here the results of this project with respect to water quality as explored through factor analysis, which was applied as a way to understand the nature and extent of the effects of different variables. For the majority of the variables and factors, one-half to two-thirds of their variability was explained by changes over time (months), and a further one-quarter to one-third was explained by Gher size and associated management practices. The alternating dry/monsoon season and water management practices determined long-term and large-scale (annual) water exchange in the Ghers that mainly affected processes related to live and dead particles suspended in the water column. Processes related to decomposition and nitrification were more dependent on short-term (days) water circulation in the Ghers, which is turn was reliant on the time span between the exchanges of water in the Ghers and river. Our results show that improved management leads to higher natural and shrimp productivity in the smaller Ghers and strongly support the argument put forward by the policy makers and scientific community in Bangladesh that the smaller the Gher, the better they can be managed and the better the possibility of increased shrimp survival and production.     

The growth of disk abalone, Haliotis discus hannai at different culture densities in a pilot-scale recirculating aquaculture system with a baffled culture tank

The growth rate of disk abalone, Haliotis discus hannai, energy consumption and changes in water quality were monitored in a pilot-scale recirculating aquaculture system (RAS) for 155 days. Baffles were installed in the RAS culture tanks to enlarge the attachment area and clean out solid waste materials automatically by hydraulic force only. The experimental disk abalones, of shell length 24.5 ± 0.5 mm, were cultured at three stocking densities, 700, 1300 and 1910 individuals/m² bottom area, in triplicate. The abalones were fed with sea mustard, Undaria pinnatifida, once a week. The abalone feed conversion rates and daily growth rates ranged from 24.5 to 25.9 and 0.32 to 0.36%, respectively. Their daily shell increments and survival rates ranged from 67.7 to 78.6 μm/day and 87.6–92.2%, respectively. The growth in weight tended to decrease at a culture density of 1300 individuals/m² bottom area, while shell increments and survival rates were acceptable at this density. The total power consumption for heating was 1185.4 kW, comprising 30.2% of the total power consumption, while the average water exchange rate was only 2.9% per day. The total ammonia nitrogen stabilized below 0.07 mg/L, after conditioning of the biofilter. The NO₂⁻–N, NO₃⁻–N and total suspended solid concentrations were also maintained within acceptable ranges for the normal growth of disk abalone. The use of the RAS with these newly designed culture tanks for disk abalone culture produced 1300 individuals/m² bottom area with a water exchange rate of only 2.9% per day and used about one-tenth of the heat energy of a conventional flow-through system.     

投喂发酵饲料对刺参能量收支、生长、酶活性及其养殖水质的影响

为探究发酵饲料在刺参(Apostichopus japonicus)苗种培育中的效果,本研究测定了投喂发酵饲料对刺参苗种能量收支、生长、非特异性免疫酶和消化酶活性的影响,同时,对比分析了1个倒池周期内投喂发酵和未发酵饲料养殖单元池水的重要水质指标差异.结果表明,在50 d的养殖实验周期内,投喂发酵饲料组刺参苗种的存活率...     

热休克及菌胁迫对厚壳贻贝HSP70基因表达的影响

70 ku的热激蛋白(HSP70)具有细胞内分子伴侣和细胞外免疫调节功能,是受到热激、重金属、干旱、疾病、寄生虫感染等条件胁迫后产生的诱导蛋白。本实验利用同源克隆法,获得厚壳贻贝HSP70基因1 700 bp的核心序列,BLAST比对和系统进化分析显示,该序列与已知的双壳贝类相应分子高度同源,其中与紫贻贝HSP70基因相似性高达96%,在进化树中两者位于同一分支。37 ℃热激后,厚壳贻贝肝胰腺和鳃中HSP70基因的表达快速上调,2 h即达到对照组30倍,随后持续上升,肝胰腺中最高表达量达到对照组100倍,说明厚壳贻贝HSP70分子为典型的热诱导蛋白。鉴于大肠杆菌及枯草芽孢杆菌是水体中常见微生物,进一步利用实时荧光定量PCR技术检测上述两种细菌感染后,HSP70基因在厚壳贻贝鳃和肝胰腺中的表达水平,结果显示,两种细菌均可引起厚壳贻贝鳃和肝胰腺的HSP70基因表达上升,但大肠杆菌诱导效应显著,8 h时表达量达到最高,鳃为对照组的4倍,肝胰腺为4.5倍,随后逐渐下降,到48 h已恢复到原始水平;枯草芽孢杆菌刺激后,肝胰腺组织中最高表达量在刺激后6 h约为对照组2.5倍,与注射PBS的效果相差不大,鳃组织的响应较肝胰腺组织明显,表达量缓慢升高,8 h达到最高,为对照组4倍,随后迅速下降,直至生理水平。研究表明,厚壳贻贝HSP70分子在调节环境胁迫及宿主免疫防御中具有重要功能。     

牡蛎养殖过程中副溶血弧菌与水质因子间的关系

为了研究牡蛎养殖过程中副溶血弧菌与水质因子之间的关系,2009年3月到11月从广东阳西某牡蛎养殖场采集牡蛎样品检测其副溶血弧菌的感染情况,并检测水体温度、盐度、pH和溶解氧。实验结果表明:副溶血弧菌总量的检出率为94.38%。水温和副溶血弧菌总量呈正相关,盐度和副溶血弧菌总量呈负相关,pH和溶解氧与副溶血弧菌总量的相关性不明显。对水温和盐度与副溶血弧菌总量的对数进行回归分析,水温和副溶血弧菌浓度的拟合回归方程为LgVP=0.093T-0.685(R2=0.336);盐度和副溶血弧菌浓度的拟合回归方程为LgVP=1.199+0.116S-0.004S2(R2=0.217);水温和盐度对副溶血弧菌浓度的拟合回归方程为LgVP=-1.941+0.116T+0.058S-0.001S2(R2=0.414)。研究结果可为牡蛎养殖过程中副溶血弧菌的风险分析提供参考依据。     

Effects of protein and lipid concentrations in broodstock diets on growth, spawning performance and egg quality of yellowfin sea bream (Acanthopagrus latus)

A study was conducted to determine the effects of dietary protein and lipid concentrations on growth, spawning performance and egg quality of yellowfin sea bream, Acanthopagrus latus. Nine diets representing a combination of three protein concentrations (40, 50 and 60%) and three lipid concentrations (15, 20 and 25%) were tested with three replicates. Each replicate was stocked with 10 fish with a sex ratio of 1:1 and the average weights were 415 g and 236 g for females and males, respectively. Fish were fed to satiation twice daily. The weight gain of A. latus broodstock was not significantly (P > 0.05) different among fish fed diets with the various protein and lipid concentrations. Except for relative fecundity and survival rate of 3-day-post-hatch (3DPH) larvae, spawning performance of A. latus was not significantly affected by different concentrations of dietary protein or lipid. Relative fecundity was found to be significantly elevated by dietary lipid at 20% concentration. However, survival rate of 3DPH larvae was highest from broodstock fed diets with 40% protein and 25% lipid, 50% protein and 15% lipid and 60% protein and 15% lipid concentrations. Egg diameter generally increased with increasing dietary protein from 40 to 60% at each lipid concentration. Total length of hatchlings followed an inverse relationship with dietary protein regardless of the lipid concentration. The oil globule diameter (OGD) of hatchlings significantly increased with decreasing dietary protein from 60 to 40%. Yolk sac length (YSL) and OGD of hatchlings was generally greatest at 15% dietary lipid concentration irrespective of protein concentrations. Total length of 3DPH larvae was greatest from broodstock fed diets with 50% protein and 20% lipid, respectively. Body protein content of broodstock was not significantly affected by dietary protein and lipid concentrations. However, increasing dietary lipid generally resulted in increasing body lipid content regardless of the dietary protein concentration. Protein and lipid contents of eggs, hatchlings and 3DPH larvae were significantly affected by dietary protein and lipid concentrations of the broodstock diets. The present study revealed that the best reproductive performance of A. latus broodstock was achieved at 40% dietary protein and 20% dietary lipid concentrations based on relative fecundity, fertilization rate, hatchability and survival of 3DPH larvae.     

凡纳滨对虾养殖池塘中浮游植物群落结构与水质因子的关系

为研究凡纳滨对虾养殖过程中水质变化特征及其与浮游植物群落结构之间的相关性,本实验于2016年4月至9月在上海市奉贤区某养殖场开展凡纳滨对虾养殖池塘中水质及浮游植物的监测,分析浮游植物群落结构变化与水质因子的相关性。结果显示,凡纳滨对虾养殖池塘中共鉴定出113种浮游植物(包含20个未定种),分别属于7个门、59个属别,从种的数量上来看,绿藻门硅藻门蓝藻门裸藻门黄藻门金藻门甲藻门,18种(含3个未定种)优势种,第一批次共鉴定出10种(含1个未定种)优势种,第二批次共鉴定出14种(含2未定种)优势种,养殖初期优势种为硅藻门,之后是绿藻门,最终以蓝藻门为优势种。对浮游植物群落结构与水质因子进行典范对应分析可知,绿藻门主要受pH、无机氮的影响(包括总氨氮、亚硝酸盐氮、硝酸盐氮),蓝藻门主要受磷含量的影响(总磷和活性磷),硅藻门主要受温度的影响,因此在养殖过程中要格外关注温度、pH以及氮磷含量的变化。     

凡纳滨对虾工厂化循环水养殖系统水质指标及微生物菌群结构的分析

为探究凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)工厂化循环水养殖系统的养殖水体水质情况以及微生物菌群的组成结构,本研究利用高通量测序技术和生物信息学分析手段,测定凡纳滨对虾工厂化循环水养殖过程一级移动床生物净化、二级固定床生物净化、养殖水体的水质指标、水体和生物净化载体以及对虾肠道微生物菌群的组成。结果显示,水体的氨氮(NH₄⁺-N)和亚硝态氮(NO₂^–-N)质量浓度显著降低,分别为0.85和0.21 mg/L。养殖系统水体、生物净化载体和虾肠道样品中共有的优势菌为变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes),此外,一级、二级生物净化系统水体中的放线菌门(Actinobacteria)为优势菌,生物净化载体中浮霉菌门(Planctomycetes)和硝化螺旋菌门(Nitrospirae)为优势菌;对虾肠道中的厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)为优势菌。另外,对虾养殖循环水系统中生物净化载体上的细菌物种含量比水样中的细菌物种少,但微生物多样性高于养殖水体,...