Tumor immunity: tumor suppression in vivo initiated by soluble products of specifically stimulated lymphocytes

Supernatant fluids of specifically stimulated lymphocyte cultures were purified. Fractions containing migration inhibition factor when injected intra-dermally into strain-2 guinea pigs produced a reaction similar in appearance to delayed cutaneous hypersensitivity. There was an accumulation of mononuclear cells at the injection sites and the growth of syngeneic tumor grafts at the sites was suppressed.     

Mediation of immunity to tumor isografts in mice by heterologous ribonucleic acid

The growth of tumor isografts in inbred mice is inhibited by intra-peritoneal injections of syngeneic spleen incubated, in vitro, with ribonucleic acid extracted from guinea pigs immunized with the same mouse tumor. This inhibition is partially tumor-specific. Treatment with ribonuclease abolishes the response.     

Airborne immunization against tuberculosis

Inhalation of very small numbers of living attenuated (BCG) organisms and their multiplication in guinea pigs results in the development of acquired resistance against subsequent airborne infection with virulent tubercle bacilli. Different strains of BCG have differing capacities to immunize by this means.     

Immunotherapy of cancer: immunospecific rejection of tumors in recipients of neuraminidase-treated tumor cells plus BCG

Firmly established methylcholanthrene fibrosarcomas in syngeneic mice will totally disappear if the hosts are treated with living tumor cells that have been exposed to Vibrio cholerae neuraminidase in vitro. The effect is magnified by the simultanieous injection of a nonspecific immunostimulant, BCG. The rejection of the methylcholanthrene tumor is immunospecific and can be induced only with tumor cells, treated with Vibrio cholerae neuraminidase, identical in type with the growing tumor.     

Immunologic enhancement of tumor xenografts by pepsin-degraded immunoglobulin

The serums from guinea pigs previously injected with mouse Ehrlich ascites tumor cells were fractionated to obtain gamma(2)-immunoglobulin. This immunoglobulin was degraded with pepsin to obtain an F(ab')(2) fragment. Fresh tumor cells were incubated with immunoglobulin or the fragment and injected into normal guinea pigs. The growth of these cells as tumor xenografts was inhibited by the gamma(2)-immunoglobulin and enhanced by the F(ab')(2) fragment. Similar incubation of tumor cells with normal guinea pig gamma(2)-globulin or its derived F(ab')(2) fragment did not alter subsequent tumor growth.     

Macrophage spreading: inhibition in delayed hypersensitivity

The capacity of peritoneal macrophages to spread was studied with cells of mice infected with Listeria monocytogenes and with cells of guinea pigs sensitized with BCG (bacille Calmette Guérin) vaccine or immunized with ovalbumin. In macrophages taken from animals having delayed hypersensitivity, this ability was markedly decreased by the presence of specific antigen for less than 1 hour. Such an effect was not observed in guinea pigs having only circulating antibodies.     

Immunotherapy of metastases enhances subsequent chemotherapy

In many multimodal therapies of cancer, postsurgical chemotherapy is administered before immunotherapy for treatment of micrometastatic disease. This sequence may not be the most efficacious. Experiments in which strain 2 guinea pigs bearing syngeneic L10 hepatocarcinomas were given immunotherapy showed that infiltrating immune effector cells not only were tumoricidal but disrupted the characteristically compact structure of metastatic foci. When cytotoxic drugs were administered at the peak of this inflammatory response, the survival rate of the guinea pigs increased significantly. We conclude that postsurgical immunotherapy can enhance the effect of cytotoxic drugs administered subsequently.     

Immunotherapy of cancer: regression of tumors after intralesional injection of living Mycobacterium bovis

Injection of living Mycobacterium bovis (strain BCG) into established intradermal tumors caused tumor regression and prevented the development of metastases.     

Radioresistance of cooperative function of carrier-specific lymphocytes in antihapten antibody responses

Transfer of lymphoid cells from strain-2 guinea pigs immunized to bovine gamma globulin into syngeneic recipients immunized with dinitrophenyl ovalbumin markedly enhances the secondary antidinitrophenyl response of the recipient to challenge with dinitrophenyl-bovine gamma globulin. This function of the carrier bovine gamma globulin-specific cells is resistant to irradiation with up to 5000 rads, although the capacity of the irradiated cell population to transfer immunologic memory for bovine gamma globulins or to be stimulated by antigen to synthesize DNA in vitro is abolished by this treatment.     

Tumor cells secrete a vascular permeability factor that promotes accumulation of ascites fluid

Tumor ascites fluids from guinea pigs, hamsters, and mice contain activity that rapidly increases microvascular permeability. Similar activity is also secreted by these tumor cells and a variety of other tumor cell lines in vitro. The permeability-increasing activity purified from either the culture medium or ascites fluid of one tumor, the guinea pig line 10 hepatocarcinoma, is a 34,000- to 42,000-dalton protein distinct from other known permeability factors.     

Rejection of tumor cells in vitro

The emergence of lymphoblast-like cells, capable of rapidly destroying tumor cells, was observed in primary cultures of an antigenic sarcoma transplantable in strain 13 guinea pigs. It is likely that these cytotoxic cells represent the progeny of lymphocytes sensitive to tutmor antigens that had infiltrated the tumor tissue.     

Soluble membrane antigens of lip and cervical carcinomas: reactivity with antibody for herpesvirus nonvirion antigens

With the use of antibody for herpesvirus nonvirion antigens (not structural components of the virus) complement fixing reactivity has been shown for soluble membrane antigens separated from lip and cervical carcinomas but not for similar extracts from normal vaginal tissue or intestinal carcinoma. Neither the serum obtained from the guinea pig before hyperimmunization with the herpesvirus nonvirion antigen nor the antiserum of guinea pigs immunized with comparable uninfected cell extracts reacted with these tumor soluble membrane antigens. Since the above soluble membrane antigens could be specific markers for the presence of virus genome within the tumor cells, the findings could support an etiological role of herpesvirus in selected human malignancies.     

Phagocytosis of Candida albicans enhances malignant behavior of murine tumor cells

Murine tumor cells were induced to phagocytize either Candida albicans or group A streptococcal cells. The presence of microbial particles within the tumor cell cytoplasm had no effect on in vitro tumor cell growth. However, when Candida albicans-infected tumor cells were injected into syngeneic mice, they formed tumors that grew faster, invaded the surrounding normal tissue more rapidly and metastasized more rapidly than control tumor cells. Tumor cells infected with group A streptococcal particles did not grow faster or show increased malignant behavior. These data indicate that the in vivo behavior of malignant tumor cells can be modulated by microbial particles, which are often present in the microenvironment of the growing tumor.     

Proteome half-life dynamics in living human cells

Cells remove proteins by two processes: degradation and dilution due to cell growth. The balance between these basic processes is poorly understood. We addressed this by developing an accurate and noninvasive method for measuring protein half-lives, called "bleach-chase," that is applicable to fluorescently tagged proteins. Assaying 100 proteins in living human cancer cells showed half-lives that ranged between 45 minutes and 22.5 hours. A variety of stresses that stop cell division showed the same general effect: Long-lived proteins became longer-lived, whereas short-lived proteins remained largely unaffected. This effect is due to the relative strengths of degradation and dilution and suggests a mechanism for differential killing of rapidly growing cells by growth-arresting drugs. This approach opens a way to understand proteome half-life dynamics in living cells.     

Suppression of urethan-induced lung adenomas in mice treated with trehalose-6,6-dimycolate (cord factor) and living bacillus Calmette Guérin

Trehalose-6,6-dimycolate (cord factor), a glycolipid from mycobacteria, suppressed the development of urethan-induced tumors in the lungs of mice to a similar degree as living Mycobacterium bovis (strain BCG) bacilli. The inhibition was apparently due to the host cellular reaction caused locally by cord factor.     

五味地龙汤的止咳作用研究

目的:探讨五味地龙汤水煎液的止咳作用.方法:用小鼠氨水引咳法、豚鼠枸橼酸引咳法及电刺激豚鼠引咳法进行实验.结果:五味地龙汤水煎液对氨水所致小鼠咳嗽及枸橼酸所致豚鼠咳嗽均有显著的止咳作用(P﹤0.01);对电刺激豚鼠所致咳嗽有显著的抑制作用(P<0.01).结论:五味地龙汤水煎液有显著的止咳作用.     

一株中等毒力牛种布鲁氏菌的鉴定和毒力测定

【目的】对初步鉴定的牛种布鲁氏菌分离株（B. abortus 343）进行全面的生物学特性检定,为深入研究布鲁氏菌病提供参考菌株。【方法】将B. abortus 343划线培养及梯度稀释,使其形成单个菌落,观察菌落形态。挑取单个菌落进行革兰氏染色和柯氏染色,观察其染色特点;分别接种1.5×106 CFU到含硫瑾（1﹕25 000）或含碱性复红（1﹕25 000）的TSA平板上,观察其生长状态;将接种有B. abortus 343的TSA平板分别置于普通培养箱和CO2培养箱37℃培养72 h,观察其对CO2的依赖性;通过醋酸铅试纸条测定B. abortus 343代谢过程中是否释放H2S。通过平板凝集试验测定布鲁氏菌单相特异性血清（ 牛种布鲁氏菌单因子血清A、羊种布鲁氏菌单因子血清M 和 布鲁氏菌粗糙型血清R ）与B. abortus 343抗原的反应性;利用布鲁氏菌AMOS-PCR种属分型等方法对B. abortus 343进行了PCR种属特性鉴定;将B. abortus 343免疫小鼠,分别测定其抗血清与光滑型和粗糙型抗原的反应性;通过小鼠和豚鼠感染试验,全面评价该分离株的毒力;分别以1×105 CFU感染6周龄Balb/c小鼠,测定B. abortus 343在小鼠体内存活时间;以1×109 CFU感染Hartley豚鼠,2周后测定试验豚鼠每克脾脏含菌量;分别以10 000、1 000、100、25 CFU/只4种不同剂量感染豚鼠,初步测定分离株对豚鼠的最小感染量（MID）,在此基础上,进一步以40、60和90 CFU/只测定MID。【结果】分离株B. abortus 343 为光滑型牛种布鲁氏菌,菌落逆光观察微带蓝绿色乳光;革兰氏染色为阴性,柯氏染色为红色,H2S试验阳性。该菌能在含硫瑾和碱性复红的培养基上生长,不依赖于CO2。B. abortus 343抗原能与A因子血清呈明显凝集反应,免疫小鼠后能产生特异性抗体。以1×105 CFU感染6周龄Balb/c小鼠,可在小鼠体内存活29周;以1×109 CFU感染350-400 g雌性豚鼠,14 d后豚鼠每克脾脏含菌量2.4×105-1.2×106;以1×105 CFU感染豚鼠1个月后,所有试验豚鼠均能产生特异性光滑型抗体,试管凝集效价为320-1 280;B. abortus 343对豚鼠的最小感染量约为40 CFU。【结论】鉴定了一株中等毒力牛种布鲁氏菌（B. abortus 343）,为深入研究布鲁氏菌病提供了参考菌株,丰富了布鲁氏菌菌种资源。     

Transfer of experimental autoimmune renal cortical tubular and interstitial disease in guinea pigs by serum

Guinea pigs injected with rabbit tubular basement membranes and Freund's adjuvant develop progressive renal cortical tubulointerstitial disease and deposit autoantibodies in their cortical tubular basement membranes. The identical, even fatal, disease may be produced in normal guinea pigs by a single intraperitoneal injection of serums obtained from guinea pigs with this tubulointerstitial disease, provided such serums contain sufficient amounts of autoantibodies against tubular basement membranes.     

Biosynthesis of C4 (fourth component of complement) by hybrids of C4-deficient guinea pig cells and HeLa cells

Peritoneal exudate cells from guinea pigs homozygous for a genetic deficiency of the fourth component of complement (C4) were fused in vitro with a cell line of human origin (HeLa). The resulting hybrid cells, derived from cell lines each incapable of C4 synthesis by themselves, synthesized functionally active human C4.     

Dioxin in soil: bioavailability after ingestion by rats and guinea pigs

Soil environmentally contaminated with 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) was given by gavage to guinea pigs and rats. The development of a characteristic clinicopathologic syndrome in guinea pigs, the induction of aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase in rats, and the presence of TCDD in the livers of both species show that TCDD in soil exhibits high biological availability after ingestion.