15种昆虫生长调节剂对库蚊幼虫的杀虫活性

浸渍法表明,定虫隆、氟幼脲是试验杀虫剂中对尖音库蚊淡色亚种幼虫杀虫活性最高的.定虫隆、氟幼脲、氟虫脲、氟铃脲、农梦特舜口除虫脲的杀虫活性分别是抑食肼的2 740倍、2 100倍、1 763倍、1 283倍、1 229倍和573倍.     

新型杀虫剂 灭幼脲类

灭幼脲(除虫脲)类,系取代苯基苯甲酰基脲类化合物,又称几丁质合成抑制剂。目前国内外研究较多的有灭幼脲1号(TH6040),化学名称为1-2.6-二氟-(苯甲酰基)-3-(4-氯苯基)脲,化学结构式灭幼脲2号(TH6038),化学名称为1-2.6二氯-(苯甲酰基)-3-(4-氯苯基)脲,化学构式 灭幼脲3号(苏脲1号),化学名称为1-2-氯-(苯甲酰基)-3-(4-氯苯基)脲,化学结构式     

氟幼灵的杀虫活性研究

氟幼灵系苯甲酰基苯基脲类化合物,是我国新开发的一种新型昆虫表皮儿丁质抑制剂。是一类生物活性高、残留低、选择性强、低毒、作用缓慢的农约。以棉铃虫和粘虫为试虫,对其杀虫活性进行了研究。     

5种昆虫生长调节剂对亚洲玉米螟的室内毒力测定

在实验室条件下,采用浸叶法测定了5种昆虫生长调节剂对亚洲玉米螟的毒力。结果表明,氟啶脲、虱螨脲、氟铃脲、除虫脲和甲氧虫酰肼对亚洲玉米螟的质量浓度LC50分别为8.1678、4.9892、4.0816、101.7723和1.5328㎎/L。其中甲氧虫酰肼的毒力最强,除虫脲的毒力最弱。     

几丁质合成抑制剂在白蚁防治中的研究进展

昆虫生长调节剂是一类新型的第三代杀虫剂,能阻碍或干扰昆虫正常的生长发育,活性高,残毒小,对环境污染少,大量应用于农、林、卫生害虫防治。其中,应用比较广泛的是几丁质合成抑制剂,能阻碍白蚁新表皮的形成,抑制白蚁的蜕皮而致死。目前,几丁质合成抑制剂如氟铃脲、杀铃脲、除虫脲、氟啶脲等已应用于白蚁群体防治,对白蚁有显著的控制作用,是目前砒剂和灭蚁灵较理想的替代物。     

14种杀虫剂对草地贪夜蛾的杀卵活性

为筛选对草地贪夜蛾卵具有活性的杀虫剂,为防治卵期草地贪夜蛾提供数据支撑。采用浸渍法,室内测定了14种杀虫剂的杀卵活性。结果表明:14种杀虫剂均具有一定的杀卵活性。在100 mg/L浓度下,苯氧威、灭多威和吡丙醚的杀卵活性最强,显著高于其余药剂,且能够完全抑制卵的孵化。甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐(甲维盐)、氟虫脲、硫双威、氟铃脲、除虫脲和溴氰虫酰胺的杀卵效果无显著差异(P0.05),杀卵活性在71.67%～90.00%之间。在10 mg/L浓度下,苯氧威和吡丙醚杀卵活性最高,可完全抑制卵的孵化。甲维盐、除虫脲和溴氰虫酰胺也表现出较好的杀卵效果,杀卵活性介于55%～66.67%之间,以上药剂均可作为草地贪夜蛾的杀卵剂轮换使用。值得注意的是,茚虫威是一种对鳞翅目害虫具有优异杀虫活性的新型杀虫剂,且对环境友好。其在100 mg/L和10 mg/L处理浓度下对草地贪夜蛾杀卵活性为52.38%±6.25%和36.67%±6.67%。甲氧虫酰肼在两个处理浓度下的杀卵活性均低于30%,不推荐作为草地贪夜蛾的杀卵剂。上述结果可为草地贪夜蛾的有效防治提供参考。     

除虫脲在苹果及土壤中的残留及消解动态研究初步结果

除虫脲(灭幼脲1号)商品名 Dimilin,通用名 diflubenzuron,是荷兰 Phlips—Duphar 公司1972年开发的农药产品,化学结构式为: 除虫脲与我国生产的灭幼脲3号为同系化合物,同属昆虫激素类杀虫剂,它能抑制昆虫表皮几丁质的合成,昆虫幼虫吃下后,表皮的几丁质合成受到抑制。在蜕皮时不能形成新表皮,使之变态受阻而形成畸形或死亡。该杀虫剂对粘虫、尺蠖、舟形毛虫、桃小食心虫等害虫都     

不同杀虫剂对大葱甜菜夜蛾的田间防效

为筛选防治大葱上甜菜夜蛾的理想药剂,选取市售常见杀虫剂进行田间防效试验。结果表明,甲维·茚虫威、甲维·氟铃脲、甲维·除虫脲和甲维·虫螨腈对甜菜夜蛾幼虫表现出较好的防效和持效性,药后14 d的防效均在90%以上,甲维·茚虫威的防效最好,为96.74%;甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐和甲维·除虫脲表现出良好的速效性,药后1 d的防效80%以上;高效氯氟氰菊酯在几种药剂中的防效和持效性都较差,药后14 d的防效为66.45%。建议在实际生产中优先选择甲维·茚虫威、甲维·氟铃脲、甲维·除虫脲和甲维·除虫脲作为应急防控用药,注意交替使用,避免产生抗药性。     

灭幼脲防治铁棍山药甜菜夜蛾效果初探

为调查灭幼脲防治铁棍山药上的甜菜夜蛾的效果,以大田常规用药30%氟铃·茚虫威悬浮剂为对照药剂,设置25%灭幼脲悬浮剂3个用量20、25、30 mL/667m~2处理,开展田间施药防治甜菜夜蛾试验。比较各处理防治效果,发现25%灭幼脲悬浮剂25 mL/667m~2在用药后7 d、14 d和21 d对甜菜夜蛾的防效均较高,持效性优于30%氟铃·茚虫威悬浮剂10 mL/667m~2处理。25%灭幼脲悬浮剂25 mL/667m~2处理区产量较高,与25%灭幼脲悬浮剂30 mL/667m~2、30%氟铃·茚虫威悬浮剂10 mL/667m~2处理区产量无显著差异,显著高于25%灭幼脲悬浮剂20 mL/667m~2处理和清水对照。观察表明,25%灭幼脲悬浮剂在铁棍山药生长期使用安全、无药害。     

常用药剂防治甜菜夜蛾对比试验

针对2010年秋季甜菜夜蛾大暴发及一些常用防治药剂防效差的情况,选用防治甜菜夜蛾的常用药剂进行比较试验,并筛选出对甜菜夜蛾有较高杀虫活性的组合:即甲维盐+氟铃脲。     

Mechanisms of resistance to diflubenzuron in the house fly, Musca domestica (L.)

The mechanisms of resistance to the chitin synthesis inhibitor diflubenzuron were investigated in a diflubenzuron-selected strain of the house fly (Musca domestica L.) with > 1000 × resistance, and in an OMS-12-selected strain [O-ethyl O-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)phosphoramidothioate] with 380 × resistance to diflubenzuron. In agreement with the accepted mode of action of diflubenzuron, chitin synthesis was reduced less in larvae of the resistant (R) than of a susceptible (S) strain. Cuticular penetration of diflubenzuron into larvae of the R strains was about half that of the S. Both piperonyl butoxide and sesamex synergized diflubenzuron markedly in the R strains, indicating that mixed-function oxidase enzymes play a major role in resistance. Limited synergism by DEF (S,S,S-tributyl phosphorotrithioate) and diethylmaleate indicated that esterases and glutathione-dependent transferases play a relatively small role in resistance. Larvae of the S and R strains exhibited a similar pattern of in vivo cleavage of ³H- and ¹⁴C-labeled diflubenzuron at N₁C₂ and N₁C₁ bonds. However, there were marked differences in the amounts of major metabolites produced: R larvae metabolized diflubenzuron at considerably higher rates, resulting in 18-fold lower accumulation of unmetabolized diflubenzuron by comparison with S larvae. Polar metabolites were excreted at a 2-fold higher rate by R larvae. The high levels of resistance to diflubenzuron in R-Diflubenzuron and R-OMS-12 larvae are due to the combined effect of reduced cuticular penetration, increased metabolism, and rapid excretion of the chemical.     

松墨天牛卵巢发育特点和灭幼脲对其不育效应的影响

研究了松墨天牛卵巢发育与灭幼脲不育效应的关系,松墨天牛雌成虫羽化后即进入卵黄沉积期。卵巢发育分为3个阶段:卵黄沉积初期、卵黄沉积盛期和成熟期。灭幼脲对成虫不育效应与卵的成熟发育状况密切相关。灭幼脲经雌虫传递入子代卵内的时期为卵黄沉积期,尤其是卵黄沉积盛期。试验表明:只要灭幼脲施用时期与卵黄发生期一致,即可产生高效不育活性。     

The ovicidal action of insecticides and insect growth regulator/insecticide mixtures on the eggs of various ages of susceptible and diflubenzuron-resistant strains of Spodoptera littoralis boisd

The ovicidal action of four insecticides and three insect growth regulators, on eggs of various ages of the susceptible (S) strain of Spodoptera littoralis, was investigated. The results revealed that diflubenzuron was the most toxic compound tested on 0-1-day-old eggs, followed by triprene and then methoprene; chlorpyrifos came next in its toxicity, followed by cypermethrin then fenvalerate; methomyl was the least effective. With the progress of embryonic development, 1-2-day-old eggs showed slight tolerance to the action of the pesticides and juvenoids, but apparently resisted the action of diflubenzuron. Eggs 2-3 days old showed increased tolerance to the insecticides and diflubenzuron and, to a lesser extent, to the action of the two juvenoids. A total of 21 insecticide or insect growth regulator-insecticide mixtures, based on their toxicity equivalents (LD₂₅ + LD₂₅), were applied jointly on 0-1-day-old eggs of the S strain. The mixtures which produced high synergism on this stage could be arranged, according to their decreasing order of potentiation, as follows: fenvalerate/diflubenzuron, cypermethrin/triprene, methomyl/methoprene, cypermethrin/methoprene, fenvalerate/ methoprene, cypermethrin/methomyl, cypermethrin/diflubenzuron, fenvalerate/triprene, diflubenzuron/methoprene and methomyl/triprene. The mixtures that produced synergistic effects on 0-1-day-old eggs were also tested against the 1-2 and 2-3-day-oldeggs of the S strain. Theresults indicated that themixtures fenvalerate/diflubenzuron, and cypermethrin with either triprene or diflubenzuron, when tested on 1-2-day-old eggs, produced levels of synergism nearly similar to those achieved on newly deposited eggs. On the other hand, the mixtures cypermethrin/methomyl, and fenvalerate with methoprene or triprene, showed comparatively lower levels of synergism. However, the synergistic action of the mixture cypermethrin/methoprene, previously detected on newly deposited eggs, became an additive effect on 1-2-day-old eggs. Only the mixtures fenvalerate/diflubenzuron, cypermethrin/triprene and fenvalerate/methoprene showed synergism on 2-3-day-old eggs. The mixtures which showed synergistic effects on 0-1-day-old eggs of the S strain were further tested on eggs of various ages of the diflubenzuron-resistant (R_d) strain. As regards 0-1-day-old eggs, only the combinations cypermethrin/triprene, methomyl/methoprene and fenvalerate/methoprene produced additive effects. The mixture cypermethrin/diflubenzuron was still synergistic against newly deposited eggs of the R_d strain, in a manner similar to that indicated with the S strain. Apparent levels of antagonism were shown to the other insecticide-juvenoid mixtures as well as to the diflubenzuron/methoprene combination. The combinations cypermethrin/methomyl and fenvalerate/diflubenzuron had some effect on the freshly deposited eggs of the R_d strain but produced lower levels of potentiation. With the increase in age of the eggs, the mixture cypermethrin/diflubenzuron showed a lower level of synergism on the 1-2 day-old eggs than was observed in younger eggs. The additive effects, previously detected with some of the mixtures on newly deposited eggs became an antagonistic effect for the 1-2-day-old eggs. The eggs at this stage were more able to resist thejoint action of the other mixtures tested. Moreover, with further increase in the age of the eggs, the combination cypermethrin/diflubenzuron produced a lower level of potentiation on 2-3 day-old eggs, followed by fenvalerate/diflubenzuron at an even lower level, while the other mixtures showed various levels of antagonism.     

The pattern of cross-resistance to insecticides and juvenile hormone analogues in a diflubenzuron-resistant strain of the cotton leaf worm Spodoptera littoralis boisd

The rate of development of resistance to diflubenzuron in a laboratory susceptible strain of the cotton leafworm Spodoptera littoralis Boisd., the pattern of cross-resistance exhibited by the resistant strain to several insecticides and juvenile hormone analogues, as well as the synergistic action of piperonyl butoxide (PB) and S, S, S-tributyl phosphorotrithioate (TBP) with insecticides or diflubenzuron on both strains, were investigated. Resistance to diflubenzuron increased slightly in the first eight selected generations and was enhanced by further selection until in generation 30, the selected strain attained the high level of resistance of 290.7-fold, compared with the parent strain. The resistant strain when challenged with either insecticides or juvenile hormone analogues at selected generations (5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30) exhibited different levels of resistance to several insecticides representing organochlorine and organo-phosphorus compounds, carbamates and pyrethroids, but a clear case of negative correlation was indicated between resistance to diflubenzuron and juvenile hormone analogues. With regard to the synergistic action of PB and TBP on the toxicity of either diflubenzuron or insecticides against the fourth-instar larvae of the susceptible strain, methomyl showed slight levels of synergism when it was combined with them. With the exception of cypermethrin, which was not affected by the two synergists, lower levels of synergism were observed with the compounds endrin, diflubenzuron and fenvalerate when they were combined with the same synergists. These two synergists however, antagonised the toxic action of the organophosphorus compounds phosfolan and chlorpyrifos. Against the resistant strain, endrin was moderately synergised by TBP but only slightly by PB. Slight levels of synergism were observed when methomyl, phosfolan and diflubenzuron were combined with either synergist, but both antagonised chlorpyrifos and fenvalerate. Resistance to diflubenzuron and to the other tested chemicals in the resistant strain was scarcely affected by the two synergists.     

The effect of diflubenzuron [1-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-(2,6-difluorobenzoyl)urea] on soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] photosynthesis,respiration, and leaf ultrastructure

The effect of the insecticide diflubenzuron [1-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-(2,6-difluorobenzoyl)urea] on photosynthesis, respiration, and leaf ultrastructure of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr., cv. Swift] was examined on plants treated at the second trifoliate leaf stage with 0, 0.067, and 0.269 kg of active ingredien/ha of diflubenzuron. Photosynthesis and respiration were measured with an infrared CO₂ analyzer in an open flow system prior to diflubenzuron application and at 4, 24, 48, and 96 hr after treatment with diflubenzuron. Diflubenzuron had no effect on soybean photosynthesis at any rate examined. Respiration was stimulated by the high rate (0.269 kg/ha) in a transitory manner. Tissue samples removed from both old and new leaves, 9 days after diflubenzuron application, were used for the ultrastructure study with the transmission electron microscope. The lower trifoliate leaves contained more starch grains than the upper ones being formed after treatment, but no aberrations or degradation of leaf ultrastructure due to diflubenzuron treatment were evident.     

The effect of BAY SIR 8514 onspodoptera littoralis (Boisduval) eggs and larvae

The chitin biosynthesis inhibitor diflubenzuron and its analog BAY SIR 8514 are equitoxic for eggs ofSpodoptera littoralis. BAY SIR 8514 residues on alfalfa fed toSpodoptera larvae were more toxic than diflubenzuron residues, whereas BAY SIR 8514 topically applied to these larvae was consistently twice as toxic as diflubenzuron, according to different criteria.     

The elimination of (N-[[(4-chlorophenyl)amino]carbonyl]-2,6-difluorobenzamide) by the boll weevil

Boll weevils, Anthonomus grandis Boheman, were either dipped in or injected with a solution of [¹⁴C]diflubenzuron (N-[[(4-chlorophenyl)amino]carbonyl]-2,6-difluorobenzamide) or fed on cotton squares that had been treated with the chemical to determine its turnover time and metabolic fate. No significant differences were observed between male and female weevils in their ability to eliminate [¹⁴C]diflubenzuron. Only minor differences were observed when immersion and injection treatments were compared. When weevils were treated with 66.3 ng of [¹⁴C]deflubenzuron per weevil by injection, the insects contained 13 to 15% of the radiolabel after 6 days and 4 to 6% after 13 days. The remainder of the radiolabel was in the frass. When weevils fed for 66 hr on cotton squares that had been treated with a wettable [¹⁴C]diflubenzuron preparation (Dimilin W-25), the insects averaged 120 ng of diflubenzuron per weevil. Forty-four hours after removing insects from the treated squares, 50% of the radiolabel had been excreted. In all cases, the radiolabel found in the frass or in the weevil was unchanged diflubenzuron. There were no data to indicate that the boll weevil could metabolize appreciable amounts of diflubenzuron.     

除虫脲的提纯及主要杂质的分离测定

本文论述了利用混合溶剂——结晶法提纯除虫脲的分析技术.通过反相液相色谱方法往甲醇与水的混合流动相中加入适当调节剂,分离和测定除虫脲原药中的主要杂质.     

Effects of buprofezin and diflubenzuron on various developmental stages of Asian citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri

BACKGROUND: Diaphorina citri populations in Florida are developing resistance to commonly used neurotoxic insecticides. Alternatives to neurotoxins, such as insect growth regulators, are needed to control this season-long subtropical pest to prevent or delay development of insecticide resistance. In the present investigation, two insect growth regulators (IGRs), buprofezin and diflubenzuron, were evaluated against various developmental stages of D. citri. RESULTS: The 0–1-day-old D. citri eggs were more susceptible to buprofezin and diflubenzuron than the 3–4-day-old eggs. Adult emergence was completely suppressed by treating first- or third-instar nymphs with buprofezin or diflubenzuron at 30–240 or 23–184 µg mL⁻¹ rates respectively. Treatment of fifth-instar nymphs with diflubenzuron at a rate of 184 µg mL⁻¹ and with buprofezin at 30–240 µg mL⁻¹ rates resulted in approximately 20 and 15–80% reductions in adult emergence respectively. The mean number of eggs per plant was reduced at 5 days after topical treatment with diflubenzuron. Mean egg hatch per plant was reduced at 5 and 6–15 days after topical treatments with buprofezin and diflubenzuron respectively. CONCLUSION: Buprofezin and diflubenzuron effectively suppressed D. citri adult emergence. D. citri were more susceptible as early (first–third-instar) than late (fifth-instar) nymphs. Both IGRs inhibited egg production and egg hatch. Reduction in the number of subsequent offspring suggests reduced vertical transmission of Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus, the pathogen thought to cause citrus greening disease. The present results indicate that both IGRs tested here should be effective tools for rotation in insecticide-based D. citri management programs. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry     

Residues of diflubenzuron and two of its metabolites in a forest ecosystem after control of the pine looper moth,Bupalus piniarius L

Diflubenzuron, 1-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-(2,6-difluorobenzoyl)urea was used to control the pine looper population in about 1160 ha of Scots pine stand in eastern Finland in summer 1984. The control measure was effective, resulting in the collapse of the population in the treated area. Residues of diflubenzuron and two of its metabolites, 4-chloroaniline and 4-chlorophenylurea, were determined in water, pine needles, litter, humus, boleti and other wild mushrooms, bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus L.) and cowberry (Vaccinium vitis-idaea L.) samples taken from this area. In water samples taken from the treated area diflubenzuron was still detected at concentrations of 0.1 μg litre^?1 2 months after application. No diflubenzuron was detected in this area the following year, nor outside the treated area. Neither metabolite was detected at any time. The sum of diflubenzuron and its metabolites in the litter layer was, on average, 0.7mg kg^?1 both 1 week and 1 month after the application. The next year, however, it had increased to 1.4 mg kg^?1. Diflubenzuron and its metabolites were not detected in the humus layer. The amount of diflubenzuron residues in the pine needles was, on average, 3.0 mg kg ^?1 1 day after the application, but in 2 months the level had decreased to 0.2-0.3 mg kg ^?1 or was not detectable. The following year the sum of diflubenzuron and its metabolites in two pine-needle samples was 0.3 and 1.6 mg kg ^?1. The sum of diflubenzuron and its metabolites in wild mushrooms was, on average, 0.07 mg kg ^?1 1 week after the application, but the following year no residues were detected. No residues were found in the boletus samples. The residues of diflubenzuron and its two metabolites in bilberries totalled, on average, 0.2 mg kg ^?1 1 day after the application, and 6 μg kg ^?1 the following year. The sum of diflubenzuron and metabolites in cowberries was, on average, 0.2 mg kg ^?1 1 month after application.