12个桃品种的花芽休眠需冷量和开花需热量

在浙西南地区研究12个桃品种花芽休眠需冷量和开花需热量生态指标.犹他模型测定结果显示:12个桃品种中,花芽休眠需冷量低的品种为春蜜、超红、中油11号、中油7号、中油4号,约为550～650 cu;其次是丽油5号、仓方早生、燕红、丽油3号、早凤凰,约为650～ 800 cu;需冷量高的品种为新川中岛和赤月,约为900～ 950cu.同一地区不同品种需热量差异较大,同一品种年际间差异相对较小.以生长度天模型试验结果表明:开花需热量低的品种为赤月和丽油3号,大约400 ～ 500 d·℃;其次是新川中岛,大约500～600 d·℃;春蜜、丽油5号、早凤凰、中油4号、中油7号、仓方早生和燕红大约600 ～ 700 d·℃;需热量较高的是中油11号和超红,约为700～800 d·℃.12个桃品种花芽休眠需冷量与开花需热量之间呈乘幂函数曲线显著负相关.     

软体材料的强度和疲劳度试验装置设计

介绍了家具制造业中软体材料强度和疲劳度试验装置的设计方案。利用气缸作为冲击力源，控制部分以西门子LOG0哟控制模块，用计数器实现计数显示。实际运行表明，该试验装置达到了设计要求，降低了生产成本并缩短了产品研发周期。     

提高家具用水性涂料漆膜附着力的工艺技术

中国是家具生产大国,每年消耗大量的木器漆,对涂料的使用量在逐年增多。目前大量使用的溶剂型木器漆,如使用量最大的聚氨酯(PU)木器漆,含有大量具有毒性的有机溶剂,可挥发有机化合物(VOC)排放量较高,严重危害生态环境。同时,我国又是家具出口大国,每年向欧美国家出口大量家具,而这些国家有严格的法规,如德国的TA-Luft,欧洲共同体的CEPE推荐标准和美国的VOC法规,要求对家具的有害物质含量进行严格控制。这是对我     

Methods for Increasing Cooperation Rates for Surveys of Family Forest Owners

To maximize the representativeness of results from surveys, coverage, sampling, nonresponse, measurement, and analysis errors must be minimized. Although not a cure-all, one approach for mitigating nonresponse errors is to maximize cooperation rates. In this study, personalizing mailings, token financial incentives, and the use of real stamps were tested for their impacts on cooperation rates for family forest owners asked to participate in the U.S. Forest Service’s National Woodland Owner Survey in the state of Connecticut. Token financial incentives, a two-dollar bill included in the first questionnaire mailing, significantly increased cooperation rates by 13 percentage points. Neither personalization nor real stamps showed significant impacts on cooperation rates. While these results are for just one state in the USA, we hypothesize that similar patterns would be observed in other states and likely other countries.     

梨树疏花定果改进措施

早疏花严定果是实现果树优质稳定、连年高效的重要环节，也是一项不断需要改进、完善、强化的关键技术。现就梨树疏花定果方面应用“四改”措施，不断提升果品质量，增加果园效益的具体做法和体会浅谈如下： 1改迟疏晚定为早疏早定 疏花定果在时间上要强调一个“早”字，一早不但能节约树体内的贮藏营养，还能促进枝、芽、叶按时起动和所留花果获取更充足的营养，保证发育良好。     

森林生态效益经济补偿综合评估(英文)

长期以来人们忽视了森林产品的非市场价值,从经济角度上来看, 这将导致保护森林资源的难度加大。本文在以前研究的基础之上,综合了恩格尔系数和逻辑斯谛曲线构造了补偿系数,计算了长白山地区森林生态效益的经济补偿值。结果表明,1999 年应支付的总补偿值为637.93 元/公顷,其中70%将直接支付给当地居民和其它相关利益者。这一数值远远高于现有的补偿值。从当前的形势看,中央政府不可能承担所有的森林保护费用和支付所有的保护森林的开支。本文提出可以利用当地政府的财政投资以及将补偿费用纳入到现行财政体系中解决方法。图1 表2参17。     

枣树嫩枝扦插育苗技术试验与推广前景展望

1　枣树育苗技术现状生产上枣树多采用根蘖苗、归圃育苗和嫁接育苗等方式进行繁殖。利用枣树根系分蘖能力强 ,根部不定芽萌发长出的小苗与母树断根分离后定植建园或者大田归圃培养为成品苗 ;嫁接育苗是用酸枣实生苗作砧木 ,或用根蘖归圃苗作砧木嫁接培育良种苗木。它的缺点是育苗周期长 ,成本较高 ,品种混杂 ,苗木大小参差不齐。用组织培养育苗方式 ,经北京林业大学、中国农业大学等科研院所多年的试验 ,已培育出良种组培苗。但由于枣树品种不同 ,遣传特性各异 ,需配制不同的培养基 :组培设备投资大 ,成本高 ,目前 ,组培育苗还不能用于良种…     

中国封山育林制度的发展

从具有悠久历史的中国封山育林制度发展到今天的工程封山育林 ,说明封山育林在认识论中的转变和森林经营方式的变革。它对中国生态环境的改善与建设有着十分重大的意义     

Use of trioxane for improvement of hygroscopic and acoustic properties of wood for musical instruments

Summary As a reagent source for the formalization of wood, trioxane was used instead of conventional paraformaldehyde. From preliminary experiments it became apparent that trioxane depolymerizes to formaldehyde by heating in the presence of some metallic salts. Formalization of wood with trioxane was carried out under the catalysis of sulfur dioxide (SO₂) along with these salts. The hygroscopic and acoustic properties were considerably improved by the treatment. Especially when the reaction was catalyzed by a combination of SO₂ and Fe₂(SO₄)₃, the antiswelling efficiency (ASE) reached nearly 70%, the specific dynamic Young's modulus (E/) in the radial direction increased about 20%, and the loss tangent (tan ) decreased about 30% and 50% in the longitudinal and radial directions, respectively. In this case, the modulus of rupture did not appreciably decrease in the radial direction. This is comparable to the most prominent results obtained so far by SO₂ catalyzed formalization with tetraoxane. It can be concluded that trioxane is very effective as a reagent source for formalization. The increase in acoustic converting efficiency, , of about twofold in the radial direction and decrease in hygroscopicity of more than 60% should not only enrich the sound volume of musical instruments but also stabilize their tone quality against humidity changes.     

尾矿料的渗透性试验

渗透系数是直接影响尾矿坝浸润线埋深及稳定性的重要参数之一.分别对取自尾矿坝区的4种尾矿料进行颗粒分析试验、原状土与重塑土渗透试验、尾矿浆水渗透试验,分析了颗粒级配、孔隙比及时间对尾矿料渗透系数的影响.试验结果表明,由于重塑土不再具有分选性,其渗透系数比相近孔隙比的同类原状土大;经过80 min后,4种尾矿浆的渗透系数K20都趋向于同一个值.     

A new approach for the derivation of settings for machine graded timber

In this paper a new method for the derivation of settings for grading machines is proposed based on the fulfillment of basic statistic principles of regression, as well as the assumption that the distribution of the non-destructive indicating property of the machine and the model residuals are known. A system is introduced to quantify the uncertainty of the observations with the actual population they should describe. To verify the method the theoretical distribution of assigned strength grades is constructed together with a 90% confidence interval over which the destructive observations are expected. The strength grading system in Europe is based on strength, stiffness and density. Although in some cases stiffness or density may be the governing property this paper will focus on the case that the bending strength is the governing grade determining property. In this paper the principle of the proposed method is explained on simulated data and afterwards verified on real data for strength only. This shows good application for uses in practice. The verification showed that an incorrect combining of samples gives inaccurate settings for the intended grading area. With the proposed method the variation between samples can easily be taken into account.     

J—50履带集材拖拉机一机多用的研究

介绍了由Ｊ５０拖拉机改装而成的几种机械，及其主要部件和改装方法，并对这些机械的性能及用途加以阐述。这些改装机械，扩大了Ｊ－５０拖拉机的使用领域，并对其它机械的改造应用有借鉴意义。     

浅谈林木种苗工程项目国债专项资金管理

笔者根据多年参加山西省省级林木种苗示范基地工程项目资金管理的实践经验,就如何开展国债种苗工程项目资金管理提出自己的看法和见解：认为加强国债专项资金管理,应明确各级领导责任、增强实行者业务水平、保证工程质量、规范资金运行、严格审批程序,并保存好原始凭证和档案材料。     

竹胶板单板编织机进给装置的设计

本文对一种竹帘胶合板单板编织机进给装置的工作原理进行了介绍，分析了其各种机构的循环动作时序，由运动链出发，提出了各种连杆机构的构成及设计要点．     

Importance of habitat type classifications for predicting ruffed grouse use of areas for drumming

To incorporate ruffed grouse (Bonasa umbellus) habitat planning in forest management, it is necessary for managers to understand factors contributing to grouse habitat use. Previous studies examining ruffed grouse drumming habitat documented relationships between drumming grouse and broad vegetation categories (e.g., northern hardwoods, young aspen [Populus spp.], oak [Quercus spp.]), but few studies have documented how drumming grouse respond to ecological variations in site conditions of aspen or other vegetation types that might be used. Our objectives were to determine the utility of habitat type classifications in predicting the occurrence of ruffed grouse drumming habitat in the western Upper Peninsula of Michigan, and demonstrate how classifications may be used to understand how forest management may affect ruffed grouse habitat. We used survey routes on state land and conducted drumming surveys during mid-April and early May at 78 points in 2005 and 2006. We recorded the number of drumming males heard at each point, the azimuth to where the grouse was heard, and a qualitative measure of distance to determine in which forest stands grouse were drumming. Using GIS, we determined the specific vegetation type, age class, and habitat type, evaluated habitat suitability, and determined a suitability score for areas in which grouse were drumming. We constructed a logistic regression model that calculated the probability of grouse use of areas for drumming based on vegetation characteristics at used and random locations. Our results indicated that the probability of grouse use of an area for drumming is based on inherent site characteristics (i.e., habitat type) and habitat suitability. The model is useful for planning forest management activities and understanding how grouse may respond to spatial or temporal changes in vegetation through succession or manipulation.     

中密度纤维板防霉剂的筛选

通过室内抑菌圈法测定6种杀菌剂对4种变色菌的抑制能力,初步筛选用于制备中密度纤维板防霉剂配方,结果表明:质量分数0.01%~0.1%的甲基硫菌灵(Me-TBZ)、0.1%~2.0%的丙环唑(PPZ)、0.1%~2.0%的戊唑醇(TBZ)和5%~30%的二癸基二甲基氯化铵(DDAC)混合复配,添加有机溶剂10%~30%乙醇胺和10%~30%乙醇,该混合剂对变色菌有很好的抑制作用,可作为中密度纤维板防霉剂。     

液态奶枕式包装机控制系统设计

介绍了液态奶枕式包装机的工作原理及控制过程.以MCS8051单片机为核心对液态奶枕式包装机控制系统的硬件电路和软件流程进行设计.本设计具有结构简单、设计合理和性能稳定等特点,并为其池行业类似产品包装机械控制系统设计提供了参考.     

马先蒿无性系建立的研究

为满足马先蒿观赏栽培对种苗的需要,以生长点为材料,采用组织培养的方法,进行了愈伤组织诱导与分化、试管苗的生根与生根继代增殖培养,以及移栽和定植的研究。结果表明:MS+6-BA0.6mg·L-1+2,4-D1.0mg·L-1+NAA0.3mg·L-1是生长点愈伤组织诱导和分化培养的理想培养基;1/3MS+ABT2号10mg·L-1是不定芽生根培养和试管苗生根继代增殖培养的理想培养基;试管苗移栽和定植的成活率分别为93.4%、98.5%,定植的试管苗保持了马先蒿的植物学性状和观赏性状。     

轻型木结构锯材用原木标准的制订

通过对我国原木生产实际状况的调研及参考国内外相关标准和技术资料,阐述了木材缺陷对规格材力学性能的影响,并据此对轻型木结构锯材用原木缺陷的技术指标进行了规定,同时介绍了该标准的制定方法。     

有关人造板建设项目投资控制的几点看法

强化人造板建设项目的投资控制,要求加强可行性研究的管理,纠正可研工作中存在的问题,提高可行性研究质量;同时,加强技术与经济的结合,以提高投资效益为中心,并根据“合理造价”的原则,通过调研和综合分析、比较,准确框定投资估算,为投资决策与强化投资控制提供科学依据。