Protein kinase C contains a pseudosubstrate prototope in its regulatory domain

The regulatory domain of protein kinase C contains an amino acid sequence between residues 19 and 36 that resembles a substrate phosphorylation site in its distribution of basic residue recognition determinants. The corresponding synthetic peptide (Arg19-Phe-Ala-Arg-Lys-Gly-Ala25-Leu-Arg-Gln-Lys-Asn-Val-His -Glu-Val-Lys-Asn36) acts as a potent substrate antagonist with an inhibitory constant of 147 +/- 9 nM. It is a specific inhibitor of protein kinase C and inhibits both autophosphorylation and protein substrate phosphorylation. Substitution of Ala25 with serine transforms the pseudosubstrate into a potent substrate. These results demonstrate that the conserved region of the regulatory domain (residues 19 to 36) of protein kinase C has the secondary structural features of a pseudosubstrate and may be responsible for maintaining the enzyme in the inactive form in the absence of allosteric activators such as phospholipids.     

A yeast gene that is essential for release from glucose repression encodes a protein kinase

The SNF1 gene plays a central role in carbon catabolite repression in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, namely that SNF1 function is required for expression of glucose-repressible genes. The nucleotide sequence of the cloned SNF1 gene was determined, and the predicted amino acid sequence shows that SNF1 encodes a 72,040-dalton polypeptide that has significant homology to the conserved catalytic domain of mammalian protein kinases. Specific antisera were prepared and used to identify the SNF1 protein. The protein was shown to transfer phosphate from adenosine triphosphate to serine and threonine residues in an in vitro autophosphorylation reaction. These findings indicate that SNF1 encodes a protein kinase and suggest that protein phosphorylation plays a critical role in regulation by carbon catabolite repression in eukaryotic cells.     

剑白香猪葡萄糖转运蛋白4 cDNA的克隆及序列分析

为了在基因水平上给动物的营养代谢研究提供基础性资料,为系统研究剑白香猪这一优质猪种提供参考,以剑白香猪肌肉组织中的总RNA为模板,克隆了剑白香猪的GLUT-4cDNA序列,并对其序列进行了分析。结果表明:克隆片段总长为1 616bp,包含一个长1 530bp的开放阅读框(ORF),编码509个氨基酸残基的蛋白;该蛋白的相对分子质量为54.809 4kDa,等电点为6.98,包含30个功能位点,即3个N-糖基化位点、1个cAMP和cGMP依赖性蛋白激酶磷酸化位点、4个酪蛋白激酶Ⅱ磷酸化位点、2个酪氨酸激酶磷酸化位点、4个蛋白激酶C磷酸化位点、2个酰胺化位点、12个N-豆蔻酰化位点、1个糖转运蛋白signature 1位点和1个糖转运蛋白signature 2位点;剑白香猪与牛、兔、小家鼠、人、马、黑猩猩、褐家鼠、非洲爪蟾GLUT-4基因编码序列的同源性分别为91.76%、90.52%、87.91%、90.52%、92.29%、90.46%、87.52%和65.82%,氨基酸序列的同源性分别为94.7%、95.68%、94.11%、95.09%、94.89%、95.28%、94.5%和68.31%。     

Binding of GAP to activated PDGF receptors

The ras proto-oncogene products appear to relay intracellular signals via the Ras guanosine triphosphatase (GTPase) activator protein, GAP. In dog epithelial cells expressing human platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) receptors, binding of PDGF caused approximately one-tenth of the total GAP molecules to complex with the receptor. Studies with mutant PDGF receptors showed that maximum association required both receptor kinase activity and phosphorylatable tyrosine residues at both the identified sites of receptor autophosphorylation.     

不同花生品种B06基因的克隆与序列分析

Dof（DNA binding with one finger）转录因子是一类植物特有的、进化上高度保守的基因家族,对植物多方面的生理过程均发挥调控作用。根据Dof家族中的一个B06基因的cDNA保守序列设计引物,对8个品种花生的B06基因进行PCR扩增克隆相似基因,并测定序列。实验成功克隆出四粒红和073103的完整...     

Proteomic screen finds pSer/pThr-binding domain localizing Plk1 to mitotic substrates

We have developed a proteomic approach for identifying phosphopeptide binding domains that modulate kinase-dependent signaling pathways. An immobilized library of partially degenerate phosphopeptides biased toward a particular protein kinase phosphorylation motif is used to isolate phospho-binding domains that bind to proteins phosphorylated by that kinase. Applying this approach to cyclin-dependent kinases (Cdks), we identified the polo-box domain (PBD) of the mitotic kinase polo-like kinase 1 (Plk1) as a specific phosphoserine (pSer) or phosphothreonine (pThr) binding domain and determined its optimal binding motif. This motif is present in known Plk1 substrates such as Cdc25, and an optimal phosphopeptide containing the motif disrupted PBD-substrate binding and localization of the PBD to centrosomes. This finding reveals how Plk1 can localize to specific sites within cells in response to Cdk phosphorylation at those sites and provides a structural mechanism for targeting the Plk1 kinase domain to its substrates.     

不同昆虫泛素延伸蛋白基因的生物信息学分析

采用生物信息学方法系统分析了甜菜夜蛾、菜粉蝶、烟夜蛾和黑腹果蝇泛素延伸蛋白(UBE)基因序列的遗传多样性、分子进化及其编码氨基酸序列的结构功能域和基序特点.结果显示,4种昆虫UBE基因序列的同源性较高(81.8%～99.7%),且遗传距离较近(0.003～0.199),均编码ubiquitin/L40 UBE.共检出8...     

云南切梢小蠹热激蛋白40基因的克隆与序列分析

[目的]克隆云南切梢小蠹(Tomicus yunnanensis)热激蛋白40基因,并进行序列分析,得到该基因的特征。[方法]采用RACE克隆技术,获得云南切梢小蠹热激蛋白40基因,并对该基因进行分析。[结果]试验获得的基因序列长为1 205 bp,开放阅读框1173 bp,编码氨基酸序列390个,编码蛋白质的预测分子量为43.56 ku,等电点为7.35。该基因蛋白序列具有1个Amidation位点,2个天冬酰胺N末端糖基化位点,2个CAMP和CGMP依赖性蛋白激酶磷酸化位点,3个酪蛋白激酶Ⅱ磷酸化位点,7个N末端十四烷基化位点,4个蛋白激酶C磷酸化位点,1个RGD细胞附着序列,1个DNAJ-1结构域等热激蛋白40所具有的典型特征。[结论]通过同源性比对分析发现,云南切梢小蠹热激蛋白40基因与家蚕(Bombyx mori)、赤拟谷盗(Tribolium castaneum)、美洲斑潜蝇(Liriomyza sativae)和东亚飞蝗(Locusta migratoria)的热激蛋白40基因在氨基酸水平上一致性为20%~30%,它们的相似性均不高。虽然不同昆虫Hsp40在进化过程中具有高度的保守性,编码序列变异比较低,但是结构域差异与生物体适应外界环境有一定的关系。     

月季花瓣丝氨酸蛋白酶基因RhSep1的克隆及生物信息学分析

利用RT-PCR技术,从切花月季品种"Samantha"中克隆丝氨酸蛋白酶基因RhSep1。利用生物信息学技术对所得到的丝氨酸蛋白酶RhSep1序列进行结构与功能预测。结果表明:RhSep1基因全长2 442 bp,开放阅读框编码769个氨基酸,推定该丝氨酸蛋白酶分子质量为80.48 kD。通过NCBI和MEROPS肽酶数据库等对Rh-Sep1进行Protein Blast,发现RhSep1具有肽酶S8₃家族SA的典型结构域Petidase_S8₃（序列为Tyr-108-Leu-341）和PA_subtilisin_like的结构域（序列为Tyr-348-Ile-474）。预测RhSep1可能具有信号肽、明显疏水区和典型跨膜区,同时RhSep1氨基酸序列中存在较多蛋白激酶C和酪蛋白激酶Ⅱ磷酸化位点、豆蔻酰化位点。这些活性位点往往与蛋白的磷酸化、G蛋白相互作用等信号转导事件有关,RhSep1可能存在复杂的蛋白水平调控机制。     

Carboxyl-terminal modulator protein (CTMP), a negative regulator of PKB/Akt and v-Akt at the plasma membrane

The PKB (protein kinase B, also called Akt) family of protein kinases plays a key role in insulin signaling, cellular survival, and transformation. PKB is activated by phosphorylation on residues threonine 308, by the protein kinase PDK1, and Serine 473, by a putative serine 473 kinase. Several protein binding partners for PKB have been identified. Here, we describe a protein partner for PKBalpha termed CTMP, or carboxyl-terminal modulator protein, that binds specifically to the carboxyl-terminal regulatory domain of PKBalpha at the plasma membrane. Binding of CTMP reduces the activity of PKBalpha by inhibiting phosphorylation on serine 473 and threonine 308. Moreover, CTMP expression reverts the phenotype of v-Akt-transformed cells examined under a number of criteria including cell morphology, growth rate, and in vivo tumorigenesis. These findings identify CTMP as a negative regulatory component of the pathway controlling PKB activity.     

Blocking of EGF-dependent cell proliferation by EGF receptor kinase inhibitors

A systematic series of low molecular weight protein tyrosine kinase inhibitors were synthesized; they had progressively increasing affinity over a 2500-fold range toward the substrate site of epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor kinase domain. These compounds inhibited EGF receptor kinase activity up to three orders of magnitude more than they inhibited insulin receptor kinase, and they also effectively inhibited the EGF-dependent autophosphorylation of the receptor. The most potent compounds effectively inhibited the EGF-dependent proliferation of A431/clone 15 cells with little or no effect on the EGF-independent proliferation of these cells. The potential use of tyrosine protein kinase inhibitors as antiproliferative agents is demonstrated.     

口蹄疫病毒3D基因的克隆及其编码蛋白的结构和功能预测

采用RT-PCR技术,对AsiaⅠ型口蹄疫病毒的3D基因进行克隆,并对其序列进行比对,同时利用Ex-pasy等生物软件对3D蛋白的二级、三级结构及生物学特性进行预测和分析.结果表明:3D蛋白在口蹄疫各血清型间高度保守,分子中含有一个糖基化位点及多个酪氨酸、苏氨酸、丝氨酸位点,并存在一个单股正链RNA病毒依赖RNA多聚酶的催化区;结构特点显示3D蛋白为口蹄疫病毒复制所需的多聚酶.     

内蒙古白绒山羊蛋白激酶B/AKT基因的克隆及表达模式分析

 【目的】克隆内蒙古白绒山羊AKT基因cDNA并分析其基本表达模式。【方法】RT-PCR克隆AKT基因 cDNA。通过在线软件BLAST进行核酸序列分析,用SMART与Psite进行氨基酸序列分析。半定量RT-PCR检测AKT基因在绒山羊组织中的表达特异性。Western blotting检测绒山羊胎儿成纤维细胞中AKT表达。【结果】克隆到的内蒙古白绒山羊AKT基因cDNA片段长 1 443 bp,包含了编码480个氨基酸残基的全长ORF,氨基酸序列与绵羊（NM_001161857.1）同源性为97%。SMART分析表明,ORF编码的蛋白包含了可与3-磷酸肌醇结合的PH结构域及具有丝氨酸/苏氨酸激酶催化活性的S_TKc结构域。Psite分析表明,含有1个cAMP-/cGMP-依赖性蛋白激酶磷酸化位点、6个蛋白激酶C磷酸化位点、10个酪蛋白激酶Ⅱ磷酸化位点、2个蛋白激酶ATP结合区信号和1个丝氨酸/苏氨酸蛋白激酶活性区域。PSORT程序预测其定位于细胞质中。AKT基因mRNA丰度在睾丸、脑和肾中较高,在脾、肝、肺及乳腺组织中相对低。绒山羊胎儿成纤维细胞中抑制mTOR活性,AKT表达量降低。【结论】内蒙古白绒山羊AKT基因cDNA全长ORF的核苷酸序列与绵羊的AKT基因具有很高的同源性,AKT基因在脾、睾丸、脑、肝、肺、乳腺及肾组织中均有表达,其AKT的表达受mTOR信号通路的调控。     

Cloning and Bioinformatics Analysis of ZmERECTA-LIKE1 and Construction of Plant Expression Vector

Objective] This study was conducted to clone and analyze ERECTA-LIKE1 gene in Zea mays by PCR and bioinfor-matics methods and to construct plant expression vector pCambia3301-zmERECTA-LIKE1. [Method] zmERECTA-LIKE1 (zmERL1) gene was obtained using RT-PCR, and physical-chemical properties were analyzed by bioinformatics methods, including domains, transmembrane regions, N-Glycosylation potential sites phosphorylation sites, and etc. [Result] Bioinformatics results showed that zmERL1 gene was 2 169 bp, which encoded a protein consisting of 722 amino acids, 11 N-glycosylation potential sites and 42 kinase specific phosphorylation sites. According to CDD2.23 and TMHMM Server v. 2.0 software, there were leucine-rich repeats, a PKC domain and a transmembrane region in this protein. The theoretical pI and molecular weight of zmERL1 encoded protein was 6.20 and 79 184.8 using Compute PI/Mw tool. Furthermore, we constructed the plant expression vector pCambia3301-zmERECTA-LIKE1 by subcloning zmERL1 gene into pCambia3301 instead of GUS. [Conclusion] The results provide a theoretical basis for the application of zmERL1 gene in future study.     

Fibroblast growth factor receptors from liver vary in three structural domains.

Changes in heparin-binding fibroblast growth factor gene expression and receptor phenotype occur during liver regeneration and in hepatoma cells. The nucleotide sequence of complementary DNA predicts that three amino-terminal domain motifs, two juxtamembrane motifs, and two intracellular carboxyl-terminal domain motifs combine to form a minimum of 6 and potentially 12 homologous polypeptides that constitute the growth factor receptor family in a single human liver cell population. Amino-terminal variants consisted of two transmembrane molecules that contained three and two immunoglobulin-like disulfide loops, as well as a potential intracellular form of the receptor. The two intracellular juxtamembrane motifs differed in a potential serine-threonine kinase phosphorylation site. One carboxyl-terminal motif was a putative tyrosine kinase that contained potential tyrosine phosphorylation sites. The second carboxyl-terminal motif was probably not a tyrosine kinase and did not exhibit the same candidate carboxyl-terminal tyrosine phosphorylation sites.     

柑橘果实成熟特异基因CsPMEI/InvI的克隆与序列分析

果实成熟特异基因对于调控果实成熟及其品质形成具有重要的作用。在前期获得柑橘Citrus果实成熟特异基因片段的基础上,以纽荷尔脐橙Citrus sinensis Newhall成熟果实为试材,应用RT-PCR和RACE技术,分离获得果实成熟特异基因的cDNA全长序列,命名为CsPMEI/InvI,GenBank登录号:KC198084;生物信息学分析表明:该基因全长945 bp,包含618 bp完整的开放阅读框,编码205个氨基酸,其编码的蛋白质分子式为C977H1568N296O282S10,相对分子量为22.29 kDa,理论等电点为9.84,属于InvI/PMEI（转化酶抑制子/果胶甲酯酶抑制子）家族成员,含有该家族严格保守的Cys残基,存在1个cAMP和cGMP-蛋白激酶磷酸化位点、3个蛋白激酶C 磷酸化位点、2个酪蛋白激酶Ⅱ磷酸化位点和3个N-酰基化位点,其二级结构主要以-螺旋为主。CsPMEI/InvI基因的分离为进一步研究柑橘果实的成熟机制提供了基础。图7表1参28     

柑橘Ptcor8基因相关功能的生物信息学分析

应用生物信息方法,对柑橘Ptcor8基因的理化性质、跨膜区域、疏水性/亲水性、二级结构、结构功能域、功能分类和同源性进行分析.结果表明:Ptcor8隶属于植物WCOR413冷诱导蛋白家族,具有1个621bp的潜在编码区,编码206个氨基酸残基;功能预测结果显示,Ptcor8编码蛋白质的相对分子质量为2.28×106,等...     

家蚕eIF2α全长cDNA克隆及生物信息学分析

【目的】克隆家蚕eIF2α全长cDNA,分析家蚕抗BmDNV-Z品系、感性品系eIF2α的点突变。【方法】利用荧光差异显示技术,在易感浓核病毒中国镇江株(BmDNV-Z)的家蚕品系华八中获得感性特异条带G13-1b650,通过电子延伸,设计特异引物验证。【结果】克隆了家蚕eIF2α（BmeIF2α）全长cDNA。其全长为1 100 bp（GenBank登录号：DQ073458）,ORF框为999 bp,编码332个氨基酸。BmeIF2α蛋白与草地贪夜蛾eIF2α蛋白同源性高达94.3%。具有保守的磷酸化位点S（51）R（52）R（52）R（54）R（56）K（60）R（63）。BmeIF2α有推定的3个蛋白激酶C磷酸化、5个酪氨酸激酶磷酸化、9个酪蛋白激酶Ⅱ磷酸化、3个依赖cAMP与cGMP蛋白激酶磷酸化位点,2个酪氨酸硫酸盐化位点,1个糖基化位点。【结论】家蚕易感品系的eIF2α在113～127位的"H V A E L L H Y E T S E Q S E"为酪氨酸硫酸盐化位点,而完全抗性品系eIF2α发生C378→T突变,导致Ser126→Leu,缺少了113～127位的酪氨酸硫酸盐化位点。     

拟南芥核苷二磷酸激酶基因家族的生物信息学比较与分析

为研究拟南芥核苷二磷酸激酶家族(AtNDPKs)5个成员之间的差异,对其在蛋白质结构、磷酸化位点、信号肽序列、功能区方面的差异进行了生物信息学的比较分析,并建立了系统进化树。结果显示,5个成员在等电点、吸光值和亲水性方面的差异明显。二级结构中,AtNDPK2的α螺旋比例与其他成员差异显著;在β转角和无规则卷曲方面,AtNDPK1a与AtNDPK3a表现出相反的情况。5个成员各含有1个NDK结构域,但分布位置不同。AtNDPK3a中酪氨酸磷酸化明显增多,AtNDPK1a的磷酸化位点与其他成员差异显著。AtNDPK1和AtNDPK2的信号肽裂解点位于第16和17位氨基酸之间,AtNDPK3和AtNDPK3a的位于第42和43位之间,而AtNDPK1a的位于第24和25位之间。AtNDPK1a的进化地位高于其他成员,AtNDPK3与AtNDPK3a的亲缘关系最近,而AtNDPK1与其他成员的亲缘关系较远。