水稻塑盘湿播早育抛栽技术优势和操作规程

水稻塑盘湿播旱育栽培即按照塑盘湿播育秧方式做秧田、铺盘、装泥和播种,播种后水的管理采用旱育秧管水法。它把抛秧省工、省力早发优势和旱育秧增产优势有机结合起来,加速了抛秧在三熟制早稻和连作晚稻上推广应用,拓宽了抛秧的应用范围,加速了抛秧的推广速度。我市１９９６年首先在春花田早稻和连作晚稻上进行了试验示范,１９９７～２０００年加大了试验示范推广力度,摸清了塑盘湿播旱育抛栽生长特点和技术优势,总结完善了配套技术。４年累计推广面积达到３万ｈｍ２,占抛秧面积的６３．３１％,平均单产４３９．２ｋｇ／６６７ｍ２…     

机播秧对单季稻产量及生育特性影响的研究

江苏太湖地区单季稻栽植以人工手插为主 ,劳动强度大且效率低 ,为了探索省工、节本、低耗、稳产、高产的水稻种植机械化途径 ,农业部南京农业机械化研究所研制了水稻播秧机。水稻播秧机集移栽成行与抛秧浅植一体 ,且比小苗带土插秧机 ,机械结构简单、制造成本下降、作业方便、秧苗栽深浅、无钩伤苗、栽插质量高。与抛秧稻相比 ,机播秧苗田间分布均匀有序、通风透光、有利田间施肥打药收割等作业。为了比较系统地阐明播秧稻的生育规律 ,加快示范推广此项新技术 ,１９９８年开展了机播秧对单季稻产量及生育特性影响的试验研究。一、结果分析１…     

药肥缓释高吸水种衣剂在水稻旱育秧上的应用

稻旱育秧和旱育抛秧是我国“九五”农业十大推广技术之一,但在生产上还存在三大问题：一是旱育秧苗2～3叶期易发生病理性和生理性死苗;二是旱育秧苗恶苗病发生严重;三是旱育秧苗苗体轻、根盘小,根部不能带土,不利于抛秧,容易出现“遇风雨飘秧、遭烈日败苗”的现象,上述问题严重影响了旱育抛秧技术优势的发挥及其推广应用效益。     

早稻抛秧规范化栽培技术应用

抛秧栽培技术具有省工、省力、省种、省秧地、增产、节本、增效益的优势。１９９４年我县引进试验抛秧栽培技术获得成功后 ,推广面积逐年扩大 ,并取得良好成效。但在早稻推广应用过程中 ,存在育秧、抛栽技术不规范和田间技术不配套等问题。为了进一步规范早稻抛秧栽培技术 ,充分发挥抛秧栽培技术的增产潜力 ,加快抛秧技术的推广应用。１９９８～１９９９年我县在省、地农技部门的指导下 ,有针对性地开展早稻抛秧生长发育规律观察和田间栽培管理技术研究 ,形成早稻抛秧规范化栽培技术体系。并建立示范片８００ｈｍ２ ,平均增产５７０ｋｇ／ｈ…     

江苏太湖地区单季稻机播秧栽培技术初探

江苏太湖地区单季稻栽植以人工手插为主 ,劳动强度大且效率低 ,为了探索省工、节本、低耗、稳产、高产的水稻种植机械化途径 ,农业部南京农业机械化研究所研制了２ＺＵ６型水稻播秧机。该播秧机集移栽成行与抛秧浅植一体 ,且比小苗带土插秧机机械结构简单、制造成本低、作业方便、秧苗栽深浅、无钩伤苗、栽插质量高。与抛秧机相比 ,秧苗田间分布均匀有序、通风透光、有利田间施肥打药收割等作业。为了比较系统地阐明播秧稻的生育规律 ,加快此项新技术推广 ,作者开展了单季稻机播秧栽培技术的初步研究。一、播秧稻的特点１．播秧稻的高产稳产…     

连作晚稻塑盘旱育抛秧栽培技术初探

塑盘旱育抛秧是将塑盘育秧抛栽与旱育秧技术结合起来，达到省力、高产的目的，江苏省在单季晚稻上推广该项技术获得成功。我们于1996年在连作晚稻上也进行了试验，取得了较好的结果。（一）试验概况本试验设三种处理：①塑盘旱育抛秧；②塑盘水有抛秧；③常规半旱育秧手插（对照）。供试品种为特早熟晚稻品种95－503。试验小区面积39．2m2。塑盘旱育秧床地前作系蔬菜地，播前整平床地，浇上一层水河泥，将塑盘依次放好，秧盘上再浇上水河泥，待稍沉实后播种，播种期为7月13日，播种量100g／盘芽谷，播后覆盖麦草。塑盘水有床地为连晚秧田，…     

壮秧营养剂在早稻育秧中的应用

１９９６～１９９９年，选用湘早籼１９号等供试材料，在湖南安化等地进行了软盘育秧、旱育秧和湿润育秧的对比试验。结果表明：采用壮秧营养剂培育水稻秧苗可以促进水稻根系发达。干物质增加，苗期病害减少，成秧率增加，抛栽大田后能早生快发，提高水稻的产量，施用壮秧营养剂是水稻抛秧、旱育秧、水育秧培育壮秧、提高产量的有效措施。     

水稻钵盘育苗抛秧技术

水稻钵盘育苗抛秧技术是为减轻劳动强度、提高劳动生产率而发展起来的一项带有变革性的栽培技术 ,是国家科技部、农业部重点推广的科技项目。内蒙古自治区赤峰市 1995年开始推广水稻钵盘育苗抛秧技术 ,2 0 0 0年推广面积 6 340ｈｍ2 ,占全市水稻面积的 31 7%。一般产量比人工铲秧移栽提高 10 %以上 ,发展前景广阔。1　水稻钵育抛秧技术具有以下优点1 1　省工省力　抛秧移栽省工省力 ,每个工日可抛栽 0 3ｈｍ2 左右 ,比手插秧提高工效 7倍以上 ,并减轻了劳动强度。1 2　节约成本　抛秧移栽每公顷节省插秧工时费4 0 5元 ,扣除购买抛秧盘费 (…     

晚稻旱育软盘抛寄两段秧栽培技术效果研究

旱育软盘抛寄两段秧，是以两段秧为基础，以旱育秧和软盘抛寄秧为特点，多种技术配套的新的水稻高产栽培技术。１９９６年在临澧基点开始小面积试验，１９９７年全县共推广５３３３ｈｍ２。现将１９９７年晚稻研究、示范情况报告如下。１材料与方法１．１试验地点和组合试...     

水稻旱育秧栽培技术研究

自1992年引进水稻旱育秧技术，经过五年的试验研究，前四年侧重于旱育秧的播种量，移栽叶龄、密植规格、秧床培育、丛括本数、适宜播期、氮肥施用等方面研究。1997年，侧重旱育抛栽、秧床除草、技术体系、再生稻旱育、制种旱育、旱秧避害、秧床控水、优化技术等方面开展试验研究，现将结果报导如下。一、早稻旱育秧栽培技术研究试验设在长汀县农科所，供试组合为协优64，进行旱育秧与湿润秧二大技术对比。从育秧到大田管理，两种育秧方式均按各自的栽培特点与技术要求进行操作。在水管上，旱育秧前期以露为主，排灌结合；湿润秧前期寸水护苗…     

Preparation and characterization of fibers of waste and fresh polyethylene terephtalate and mixtures of them

Textile fibers were obtained from secondary polyethylene terephtalate (PET) and its mixtures with primary PET at initial orientation of 18000–33000 %, rate of additional orientation drawing 3.5–6.5 times and temperature of thermal fixation 363–413 K. The fibers’ tensile strength was found to decrease and elongation at break to increase with the decrease of their linear density under the conditions of fibers formation. For the fibers based on polymer mixtures, the presence of oxidized fragments in the secondary PET limited the compatibility of the two polymers which resulted in deteriorated tensile properties. The linear density (4–16 dtex), tensile strength (30–50 cN/tex) and elongation at break (20–60 %) of the PET fibers obtained were close to these for the industrially produced polymer fibers. The values of the average diameter of the fibers formed and oriented under laboratory conditions allows classifying them between the fine and the coarse textile fibers which makes them suitable for the textile industry.     

我国麻类标准现状与分析

介绍了我国麻类标准的现状。通过分析,指出了存在的问题,主要表现在标准体系不完善、标准更新不及时,协调性差及贯彻执行不力等。提出了我国麻类标准应采取的对策。     

Characteristics of photosynthesis and conductance of potato canopies and the effects of cultivars and transient drought

Gas-exchange characteristics of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) canopies were determined with crop enclosures under condition of optimal water supply, during soil water depletion, and during recovery from drought-stress. The plants were grown under a rainshelter in large containers with 2-m² surface area. Control plants received water throughout the growth period. In Expt. 1, transient drought was imposed by interrupting water supply completely for 22 days. During the 33-day period of drought treatment in Expt. 2, the stressed plants received half the amount of water that was given to the control plants (irrigations 2–3 times per week).

During soil water depletion, stomatal conductance of the canopy was reduced earlier and more than photosynthesis. This resulted in a lower internal carbon dioxide concentration in the leaves of stressed plants and a higher ratio between photosynthesis and stomatal conductance. The value of that ratio increased as soil water potential dropped.

Water-use efficiency ( ) increased during drought stress. The cultivar Bintje showed a larger ratio between photosynthesis and stomatal conductance of the canopy and a higher than cv. Saturna, both for optimal water supply and during drought stress.

Photosynthesis and conductance of the canopy started to recover immediately upon rewatering, even when relative values had declined to 20–30% during the preceding stress period. After release from stress, the leaves in the top layer of the canopy had a higher stomatal conductance in treated plants than in control plants.     

水稻病虫害绿色防控与统防统治融合技术模式示范

2017—2018年,在同安镇粮食产能区示范推广水稻病虫害绿色防控与统防统治融合技术模式,取得了显著成效。融合技术示范区比常规区减少用药2~3次,用药量减少37.6%,防治成本降低400元/hm^2;水稻产量增加12.8%,收益增加2 835元/hm^2。     

Effects of Organic and Chemical Fertilizers and Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Inoculation on Growth and Quality of Cucumber and Lettuce

Summary

Arbuscular mycorrhizae were inoculated into phosphorus-deficient soil fertilized with either organic or chemical fertilizer with cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) as the first crop and lettuce (Lactu-ca sativa L.) as the second crop but without additional fertilization and AM inoculation. AM increased dry matter and fruit yield of cucumber significantly in the unfertilized, organic-fertilized and P-deficient plants compared with the fully chemical-fertilized plants. AM inoculation increased the available phosphorus in plant and soil by around 30% for all treatments except for those chemically-fertilized. The rate of AM infection did not differ significantly among the fertilization treatments, but the infection intensity was higher in unfertilized, organic-fertilized and phosphorus-deficient treatments than chemical-fertilized treatment. The residual effects of AM-inoculated to cucumber were evident for lettuce in all pre-treatments that were unfertilized and un-inoculated for the second cropping. Without P-fertilization, neither crop could grow optimally even when the soil was inoculated with AM, suggesting that AM could not serve as a substitute for phosphorus fertilizer. However, the other beneficial effects of AM on crop growth and yield could not be fulfilled with phosphorus fertilizer.     

生物质能作物——甘薯开发利用现状及趋势

甘薯是世界上重要的粮食、饲料、工业原料及新型能源用块根作物，在我国乃至世界再生能源开发中起到重大作用，其分布地域广，适应性强，沙荒地、岗坡地均可种植。生物产量高，而且种植栽培容易。甘薯含淀粉15％～30％，晒干率20％～35％，世界各国以薯干或淀粉为原料生产乙醇有着悠久的历史。随着全球能源的日趋紧张，乙醇作为一种可再生的环保燃料．将快速步入全球成品油市场，在替代汽油供应方面起到越来越大的作用。各国正在推行或制定燃料乙醇计划，并着眼于生物燃料乙醇应用方案，认为甘薯可能是摆脱将来粮食和能源危机的“最后一张王牌”。     

棉花病虫全程绿色防控技术应用与推广

经过多年实践,探索总结出抗病虫品种、频振式太阳能杀虫灯、糖盆诱蛾、黄蓝板诱虫、生物多样性控虫等绿色防控技术,形成了切合库尔勒实际的棉花病虫全程绿色防控技术模式。介绍了上述技术措施及其在当地棉田的推广应用效果。     

热区蔬菜质量安全分析与评价

对影响我国热区主要蔬菜产前、产中、产后的质量安全相关因素与现状进行调研,获取基础数据与有关信息。对比分析国内不同生产区质量安全存在的差异与差距,研究我国热区蔬菜从生产至市场各个环节的质量安全评价方法,提出建立我国热区蔬菜质量安全评价体系方案。     

春季氮肥和多效唑调控对小麦生育和产量的影响

为明确春季调控措施对冬小麦生长发育和籽粒产量的影响,以冬小麦品种石新828为材料进行田间试验,4个处理分别为:起身期追全部氮肥(除基肥外,下同)并叶面喷多效唑(N1);起身期追2/3氮肥并喷多效唑+拔节期追1/3氮肥(N2);起身期追1/3氮肥+拔节期追2/3氮肥(N3);拔节期追全部氮肥(N4)。生育期间测定群体和个体生育特性,成熟期调查产量性状。结果表明,N1和N2处理小麦拔节期的总茎数、叶面积指数(LAI)和干物质积累量均显著高于N4和N3处理。孕穗期N4和N3处理小麦的总茎数、LAI和干物质积累量显著高于N1和N2处理。开花到成熟期各处理的总茎数、LAI和干物质积累量差异均不显著。孕穗期前,不同处理的株高差异不显著,孕穗期后,N4处理的株高最高,且显著高于N1处理。各处理基部节间直径和中上部节间长的差异不显著,N4处理基部第一节间长度显著大于其他处理。随追氮时期前移或前期施氮量增多,不孕小穗数减少,结实小穗和穗粒数增加,N1比N4处理不孕小穗数显著减少,结实小穗和穗粒数显著增多。N1处理小麦成熟期的千粒重最高,且显著高于N4处理。N1处理的籽粒产量最高,且显著高于N3和N4处理。起身期追氮配合多效唑调控,可以获得比拔节期追氮更高的穗粒数和千粒重,从而获得更高的产量。     

施镁量和施镁方法对烤烟生长发育和烟叶产量的影响

采用盆栽试验，研究施镁量和施镁方法对烤烟生长发育和烟叶产量的影响，结果表明：适量施用镁肥，可以促进烟草的生长发育、改善其农艺学性状，影响烟株对其它营养元素的吸收与积累，提高烟叶产量，并能使烟叶N，P，K，Ca等营养元素含量更趋协调。随着施镁量的增加，烟叶中镁含量提高10．7％～71．4％，烤烟单株吸镁量、叶片叶绿素含量、干物质产量分别提高17．6％～115．4％，1．9％～23．ooA和6．3％～25．7％，而对烟叶含钾量没有明显影响。在镁比较缺乏的土壤上，镁肥作基肥施比叶面喷施的效果好，基肥施镁结合叶面喷镁的效果最佳；叶面喷镁，肥料用量少、成本低、见效快，是一种有效的镁肥施用方法；提高镁肥用量，施镁的效果更加显著。