农机推广和须坚持三个基本原则

农业机械是农业发展的动力，农业机械的发展靠农机推广来完成，研究、试制、开发和应用是农机推广的根本任务，农业的全面机械化和更高层次的自动化靠农机推广来完成，农机推广应遵循哪些基本原则呢?     

加强农机服务体系建设的几点建议

农业机械服务体系的好坏体现了一个区域农业发展的快慢。而农机维修更是农业发展的一个主要环节。解决农业机械三包维修期后的维修，加强农业机械服务体系建设，应受到各级农机主管部门的重视。     

浅谈江安县农机科技推广的对策

农业机械是现代农业的重要物质技术手段，要实现农业现代化就必须首先实现农业机械化。同时运用和经营农机本身就是推进农村小康建设，发展农村市场经济和农民致富的重要措施和门路。大力推广农业机械，发展农机事业是时代的呼唤和要求。为此，笔者根据本地经济发展情况和农机化现状，提出农机科技推广的对策。一、江安县农业机械现状江安县农业机械从无到有，历经近５０年特别是近２０年的发展，农机装备已初具规模。１９９９年底，全县已拥有农机总动力６５８７台，５５４２７千瓦，农业机械装备总值达２７８４万元。从动力装备看，平均每…     

农业部关于进一步加强农机试验鉴定工作的意见

为深入贯彻落实《农业机械化促进法》《农业机械安全监督管理条例》以及《国务院关于促进农业机械化和农机工业又好又快发展的意见》，进一步加强农机试验鉴定工作，增强公共服务能力和水平，提高农业机械质量，推动农业机械化科学发展，提出如下意见。     

推广先进适用农机 为山区农业服务

根据闽侯县大湖乡近年农民对农业生产投入的相应增加，特别是对农业机械和农机技术的需求与日剧增，农业机械在农田耕作、植保、果茶、农产品加工和农村运输等方面发挥越来越重要作用的情况，提出因地制宜推广农机；典型示范，点面结合；合理利用农机惠农政策；推广设施农业，发展高效农业等进一步搞好农机推广的建议。     

新形势下发展农机经济合作组织的思考

农业机械化是农业产业化的必要措施，是农业现代化的重要内容和主要标志。随着农业机械的快速发展，迫切需要健全农机社会化服务体系，建立农机经济合作组织，从而促进农机服务的专业化、商品化和社会化。     

浅谈市场经济条件下的农机管理

社会主义市场经济建立过程中，农业机械的发展、管理出现了许多新情况、新问题，如何抓好农机管理工作，走出一条中国特色农机化发展道路，是当前农机管理工作者一个十分重要的课题。本人通过一段时期的调查，就此谈点粗浅的看法。农业机械化的发展与管理概况我国农业机械的发展，经历了从无到有、从小到大的过程，具体经历了国家办拖拉机站、人民公社办农机站和生产大队办农机队、农户自己购买和经营农业机械等几个阶段。所有制形式和经营形式及农机管理都发生了很大的变化。在建国初期，农业机械主要由国家投资办国营拖拉机站，为农业生产…     

农机技术推广的机遇与艰难

农业是国民经济的基础，农业机械是捍卫农业基础地位的手段和工具。近几年，浏阳市经济、社会得到了快速发展，随之农业机械发展的步伐也明显加快，农机技术推广应用使农民受益多多。笔者近日就农机技术推广工作走访调查了本市部分乡镇农机站和农机户，根据调研的感触和思考，认为现在是农机技术推广的最好时期和机遇，但任务还很艰巨。     

要正确区分农业产业化和农机服务产业化的关系

农业产业化是当前促进农业和农村经济发展的重大举措，随着农业产业化实践的深入，农机界也提出了农机服务产业化的问题。由于习惯上将农业机械当做是农业的一项技术装备，农机化与农业的关系是从属关系，因此不少人认为农机服务产业化的提法不妥，不足以单独研究和发展。这种认识无疑会对农机服务产业化建设工作带来消极的影响。为科学合理地确定农机服务产业化的位置，促进农机服务产业化的发展，我们拟从三个方面来区别和区分农业产业化与农机服务产业化的关系。1．从生产力理论方面看，农业机械与农业不属于同一生产要素。众所周知，改…     

省人大农委赴娄调研“促进法”贯彻实施情况

湖南省人大农业与农村委员会副主任委员孔庆玲等，2006年5月16日至5月18日到娄底开展《中华人民共和国农业机械化促进法》贯彻实施情况暨《湖南省农业机械管理条例》修订立法调研。调研期间，由市人大农业委牵头召开了法制办、发改委、财政局、工商局、技术监督局、交通局、交警支队、农机局等单位负责人参加的调研座谈会。副市长李云才介绍说：近年来娄底市委市政府高度重视农业机械化的发展，紧密结合工业化、产业化和城镇化进程，认真贯彻执行《湖南省农业机械管理条例》和《中华人民共和国农业机械化促进法》，突出抓好农机产业发展和农机安全生产监管两个重点。座谈会认真分析了农业机械发展形势和《农业机械促进法》在实施中存在的困难与问题，对《湖南省农业机械管理条例》提出了具体修订意见。调研组在双峰县听取了农机生产和销售企业、农机大户、基层农机站代表对农机化发展中迫切需要解决的问题及建议。     

Overland water and salt flows in a set of rice paddies

Cultivation of paddy rice in semiarid areas of the world faces problems related to water scarcity. This paper aims at characterizing water use in a set of paddies located in the central Ebro basin of Spain using experimentation and computer simulation. A commercial field with six interconnected paddies, with a total area of 5.31 ha, was instrumented to measure discharge and water quality at the inflow and at the runoff outlet. The soil was classified as a Typic Calcixerept, and was characterized by a mild salinity (2.5 dS m⁻¹) and an infiltration rate of 5.8 mm day⁻¹. The evolution of flow depth at all paddies was recorded. Data from the 2002 rice-growing season was elaborated using a mass balance approach to estimate the infiltration rate and the evolution of discharge between paddies. Seasonal crop evapotranspiration, estimated with the surface renewal method, was 731 mm (5.1 mm day⁻¹), very similar to that of other summer cereals grown in the area, like corn. The irrigation input was 1874 mm, deep percolation was 830 mm and surface runoff was 372 mm. Irrigation efficiency was estimated as 41%. The quality of surface runoff water was slightly degraded due to evapoconcentration and to the contact with the soil. During the period 2001–2003, the electrical conductivity of surface runoff water was 54% higher than that of irrigation water. However, the runoff water was suitable for irrigation. A mechanistic mass balance model of inter-paddy water flow permitted to conclude that improvements in irrigation efficiency cannot be easily obtained in the experimental conditions. Since deep percolation losses more than double surface runoff losses, a reduction in irrigation discharge would not have much room for efficiency improvement. Simulations also showed that rice irrigation performance was not negatively affected by the fluctuating inflow hydrograph. These hydrographs are typical of turnouts located at the tail end of tertiary irrigation ditches. In fact, these are the sites where rice has been historically cultivated in the study area, since local soils are often saline-sodic and can only grow paddy rice taking advantage of the low salinity of the irrigation water. The low infiltration rate characteristic of these saline-sodic soils (an experimental value of 3.2 mm day⁻¹ was obtained) combined with a reduced irrigation discharge resulted in a simulated irrigation efficiency of 60%. Paddy rice irrigation efficiency can attain reasonable values in the local saline-sodic soils, where the infiltration rate is clearly smaller than the average daily rice evapotranspiration.     

瓦房店市水果生产标准化发展研究

瓦房店市是我国重要的水果生产基地,在国内水果生产领域占有重要地位。随着水果市场化的不断深入,如何满足和适应国内外市场需求成为瓦房店市水果生产的关键问题。从瓦房店市水果生产实际出发,阐述了实施水果生产标准化的必要性,提出了发展水果生产标准化的具体措施。     

金谷子耐旱TG118引种试种及推广应用

对引进的谷子新品种金谷子耐旱TG118进行品种比较试验和多点试种。结果表明：该品种抗旱、耐瘠、适应性强,稳产、高产、抗病抗风抗倒伏强,品质优良,粮草兼用,种植简单,省工易管;一般产量在6000kg/hm2以上,比当地主栽品种增产20%以上。最高产量达9450kg/hm2,适于在辽西北地区推广应用。     

对《种子法》存在问题的探讨

《种子法》是我国种植业第一部法律。自实施以来,为依法加强种子管理提供了有力的法律支撑,促进我国种子产业发生翻天覆地的变化。但随着依法管理工作的深入和种子产业的快速发展,《种子法》及配套规章的一些问题逐步显现出来。对《种子法》及配套规章存在的问题进行深入分析,对需要进一步补充的章节以及需要调整的内容进行深入探讨,以求更加完善和明确。     

Review of the Egyptian experience in implementing land drainage projects

About 30 years have passed since the Government of Egypt embarked on implementing a series of large scale drainage projects. At present, about 3.8 million acres have been provided with drainage systems on the basis of systematic pre-drainage investigations and designs. The target is to provide drains in approximately 6.4 million acres in the Nile Valley and Delta.The implementation of the subsurface drainage system is carried out by the public sector and private contractors under direct supervision of governmental regional departments. The implementation process depends on many factors related to the drainage material, machinery, manpower, site requirements, farmers and organizations involved. Problems and constraints are sometimes challenging, however, the annual rate of implementation has gradually increased to 170,000 acre/year.This paper discusses the different aspects involved in the implementation process of drainage systems. The development in materials, machinery and construction technologies will be reviewed. Institutional and management factors are going to be also considered.     

和谐社会理论建设的几点哲学思考

在新世纪,面对机遇和挑战,党的十六大把“社会更加和谐”作为全面建设更高水平的小康社会的一个重要目标。中国人素有社会和谐的理想;西方人自古也向往社会和谐;借鉴东西方两种和谐社会思想的经验、教训,构建社会主义和谐社会理论。     

A European irrigation map for spatially distributed agricultural modelling

We present a pan-European irrigation map based on regional European statistics, a European land use map and a global irrigation map. The map provides spatial information on the distribution of irrigated areas per crop type which allows determining irrigated areas at the level of spatial modelling units. The map is a requirement for a European scale assessment of the impacts of irrigated agriculture on water resources based on spatially distributed modelling of crop growth and water balance. The irrigation map was compiled in a two step procedure. First, irrigated areas were distributed to potentially irrigated crops at a regional level (European statistical regions NUTS3), combining Farm Structure Survey (FSS) data on irrigated area, crop-specific irrigated area for crops whenever available, and total crop area. Second, crop-specific irrigated area was distributed within each statistical region based on the crop distribution given in our land use map. A global map of irrigated areas with a 5′ resolution was used to further constrain the distribution within each NUTS3 based on the density of irrigated areas. The constrained distribution of irrigated areas as taken from statistics to a high resolution dataset enables us to estimate irrigated areas for various spatial entities, including administrative, natural and artificial units, providing a reasonable input scenario for large-scale distributed modelling applications. The dataset bridges a gap between global datasets and detailed regional data on the distribution of irrigated areas and provides information for various assessments and modelling applications.     

粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的应用

在介绍粉质仪和拉伸仪结构和原理的基础上,探讨了粉质曲线中吸水率、形成时间、稳定时间、弱化度和评价值等指标与面粉品质的关系,以及如何根据拉伸曲线中面团最大拉伸阻力、延伸度和拉伸曲线面积等指标来评价面团品质,并结合生产实际,概述了粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的作用。     

农村信息化服务的现状及建设措施

分析当前我国农村信息化服务的现状,提出加强农村信息化服务的新举措。     

车辆ABS控制算法的研究及探讨

对现代汽车的ABS控制算法作了一些简单的介绍,同时指出了它们的一些缺陷,相应地提出了几种对ABS的其它控制方法并加以探讨,其中着重论述了ABS门限值控制算法中参考车速的确定方法和基于附着系数的控制算法。