种草养鹅"五注意"

(一)注意选好草种 在选草种上要把握好两点:一是要到信誉好的单位购买良种.引种最好到牧业部门、农业科研部门和正规的草业种子公司购买,千万不能贪图便宜购买劣质种子,以免种植后达不到预期效果,影响养鹅生产.二是根据鹅的消化特点,选择适宜养鹅的牧草品种.牧草主要分为禾本科和豆科牧草,此外还有苋科的籽粒苋等.养鹅适宜种植禾本科和苋科牧草,如黑麦草、鲁梅克斯、籽粒苋等.     

意大利黑麦草饲喂杂种肉牛试验

<正> 意大和黑麦草是优良的禾本科一年生栽培牧草,具有耐寒强、产量高、草质优,适口性好等特点,是我省发展人工种草的主要品种,也是解决牛羊过冬青饲重要草种之一。为了探索意大和黑麦草的饲用价值,为今后发展种草养畜提供技术参考依据,我们在高安县锦江牛场进行了意大利黑麦草饲喂杂种肉牛试验。     

川西南山原地区高产人工草地建植技术研究

通过对白三叶、多年生黑麦草等9个草种的18个品种进行混播,得出豆科牧草年鲜草产量大于禾本科牧草,其中以豆科牧草白三叶的Lisepa品种年鲜草产量最高,为122 279.4 kg/hm2。同时禾本科与豆科牧草混播,施磷可使草群中白三叶明显增加,增产显著。氮、磷混合施用,施氮180 kg/hm2、磷120 kg/hm2时增产鲜草21 429.0 kg/hm2,干物质收获量达14 656.5 kg/hm2以上。     

草地牧草种群间生化作用关系的研究——根分泌物对牧草生育的影响

为了探明不同种类的寒地型牧草根分泌物对牧草生长抑制作用的差异,本研究采用沙培的9种牧草根流出液(供体),定期灌入沙培牧草(受体)盆栽试验钵,并通过测定地上部干物质重比较其生育反应。其结果如下: 1.供体牧草的根分泌物抑制或促进同类或异类受体牧草生育,就总体而言,起抑制作用。抑制作用最大的是多年生黑麦草根分泌物,抑制作用最小的是苜蓿。从个体而言,鸭茅、多年生黑麦草、小糠草、草芦、杂三叶等5个草种均受供体牧草根分泌物的影响,生育受抑制。除苜蓿外,受9种供体处理的草种地上部干物质重都比对照低。 2.豆科牧草根流出液处理盆的牧草地上部分干物质重比禾本科牧草根流出液处理盆高,苜蓿和白三叶尤为明显。 3.杂三叶、白三叶、多年生黑麦草种内抑制作用比种间抑制作用大,其他牧草则种间抑制作用大;一般种间互相影响大的牧草其种内相互作用也大。     

云南巍山县冬春牧草引种及混播组合试验

在云南巍山县,对引进的18个冬春牧草品种及3个混播组合进行了两年的观测.结果表明:冬春优良的禾本科牧草品种有杰威多花黑麦草、钻石T多花黑麦草、特高多花黑麦草;优良的豆科牧草品种有盛世紫花苜蓿、三得利紫花苜蓿和牧歌401+Z紫花苜蓿,优良的混播组合为盛世紫花苜蓿+特高多花黑麦草.     

贵州南部混播草地几种建植因素最佳组合研究

选用苇状羊茅、多年生黑麦草、扁穗雀麦、蔬花雀麦、白三叶和紫花苜蓿等六种牧草,采用Ｌ９（３＾４）正交试验设计,探讨了在贵州南部地区生态条件下建立永久型优质人工混播草地最佳的草种组合、豆禾比例、播种量和播种方式。结果表明,草种组合是主要因素,播种量次之,用种比例和播种方式无明显影响;贵州南部地区优质永久型人工混播草地的理想草种组合是苇状羊茅＋多年生黑麦草＋扁穗雀麦＋白三叶（或紫花苜蓿）,豆科和禾本科的     

紫花苜蓿根浸提液对3种牧草种子萌发过程的化感作用

以紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa)为供体植物,采用室内生物学测定法,研究不同浓度(0、2.5、5.0、10.0和20.0g·L^-1)紫花苜蓿根浸提液对多年生黑麦草(Lolium perenne)、一年生黑麦草(L. multiflorum)和梯牧草(Phleum pratense)3种禾本科牧草种子萌发过程的化感作用,为探索合理的牧草混播方式提供理论依据。结果表明：在供试浓度范围内,不同浓度的紫花苜蓿根浸提液对3种禾本科牧草种子发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数、活力指数均有明显的抑制作用[化感效应指数(RI)<0],对根长和苗高有低浓度促进、高浓度抑制的作用。3种禾本科牧草对紫花苜蓿化感作用的相应有一定差异,在根浸提液的作用下,多年生黑麦草和一年生黑麦草的化感综合效应指数均为负值,表现为明显的抑制作用[化感综合效应指数(SE)<0];而梯牧草种子萌发生长呈低浓度促进、高浓度抑制趋势。研究结果表明,相较于多年生黑麦草和一年生黑麦草,梯牧草对紫花苜蓿化感抑制作用的适应性和抵抗能力更强,更适合与紫花苜蓿混播。     

休闲地种草养畜技术

(一)选择草种草种要选择适应性强、抗性强、产量高、营养价值高的牧草作为主推当家品种。适宜南方推广的优良牧草品种有:一年生牧草包括多花黑麦草、黄花苜蓿、箭筈豌豆、籽粒苋、苦荬菜、串叶松香草、紫云英、苏丹草、墨西哥玉米、大麦、山黧豆、蕉芋等,多年生牧草包括多年生黑麦草、柱花草、红三叶、白三叶等。适宜     

脱颖处理对禾本科牧草种子萌发的影响

禾本科牧草具有很高的营养和经济价值,提高其萌发率对禾草地建植具有重要意义。脱颖是一种简单、快速、安全的物理方法,且不会对环境造成污染,目前国内外脱颖处理对不同禾本科牧草萌发的影响研究较少。研究选取21种典型的禾本科牧草种子进行脱颖处理并对其发芽率、发芽势、根长进行对比分析。结果表明：脱颖处理能明显提高早熟禾（百思特、百胜）、鸭茅（楷模）和高羊茅（易凯）4种禾本科牧草种子的发芽势,早熟禾（百思特、百胜）2个品种的发芽率,以及高丹草PACF8421、黑麦草（首相）、饲用高粱、多年生黑麦草4个草种的根长。去颖后种子的萌发率、发芽势与种子的大小、颖壳的薄厚程度、种子和颖壳结合程度无显著相关性。根据结果建议早熟禾百胜和百思特在快速建植时应进行脱颖处理,鸭茅（楷模）、高羊茅（易凯）根据实际情况决定是否脱颖,这对于禾本科牧草地的建植具有重要的实际指导意义。     

牧草育种的田间试验调查方法的现状与问题

<正> 一、前言日本牧草栽培面积84年达到82万公顷,粗饲料的利用及山坡地的利用起了重要作用。牧草种类很多,但大部分属于禾本科或豆科,我国作为育种对象的是禾本科10个草种,豆科3个草种。到85年因种苗特性分类调查事业制定了性状审查标准的是18种,可以说有20种左右的牧草在日本应用。     

Effects of legume forages on ovine gastrointestinal parasite development, migration and survival

Lambs grazing certain legumes have reduced parasite intensities compared to lambs grazing ryegrass swards. Eighteen replicates of white clover (cv. AberHerald), lucerne (cv. Luzelle), red clover (cv. Merviot) and perennial ryegrass (cv. Abersilo) were sown at equivalent field rates in 25 cm diameter PVC pots and maintained outside for 6 months. On day 0, forage in each pot was cut to 50 mm from soil level and the pots were placed in a glasshouse (at 19-25 degrees C and 70% humidity) in a randomised block design. Ten grams sheep faeces containing 2,133 Haemonchus contortus eggs per gram were placed on the soil in each pot. Six replicates of each forage were destructively sampled on days 14, 21 and 29. Forage samples were cut at 50 mm from the soil surface and at the soil surface to give two samples per pot. The number of nematodes was determined by a modification of the Whitehead tray method. The ratio of free-living to infective-stage larvae was determined from at least 10% of the larvae. The number of H. contortus larvae kgdrymatter(-1) (DM) forage was calculated and the data rank transformed prior to analysis by ANOVA. There were fewer larvae on legumes compared with ryegrass on samples from forage above 50 mm (P<0.001) but there was no forage effect on larvae below this height. The sum of larvae present on all forage per kilogram DM showed fewer larvae on red clover compared with ryegrass on day 21 (P<0.05). There was an effect of day on the total number of larvae on forage (P<0.001) but there were no foragexday interactions. Analysis of the data according to the leaf area above 50 mm from the soil surface confirmed these results, that there were fewer larvae on legume forages than ryegrass above this height (P<0.01). Overall, red clover affected the development of H. contortus and all legumes affected larval migration above 50 mm compared with ryegrass but survival of larvae was similar on all forages. Further work is needed to determine if these effects of legume forages would reduce the number of parasitic larvae ingested by livestock under field conditions.     

基于稳定同位素技术的果草吸水深度研究:以洛川塬不同果-草复合系统为例

洛川塬水资源短缺、水分利用效率低,因而水分已成为洛川塬果业可持续发展的瓶颈.因此,精确测量植物的吸水深度,分析植物对不同深度土层的水分利用情况,对改进、推广果园土壤管理具有重要意义.本研究利用稳定氢氧同位素技术,研究洛川塬不同果-草复合系统[苹果(Malus domestica)-白三叶(Trifolium repens)和苹果-黑麦草(Lolium perenne)]中果树木质部水以及白三叶、黑麦草茎部水与不同层位土壤水氢同位素比率δD值特征,分析探讨不同果-草复合系统对果树水分来源及对不同层位土壤水分利用的影响.结果表明:在5月,白三叶和黑麦草分别提高0-50和50-100 cm土层的土壤含水量,且水分均来源于10-20 cm土层,与果树不存在水分竞争,同时白三叶和黑麦草均提高果树对40 cm以下土壤水的利用率,增幅分别为27％和9％;在7月,白三叶、黑麦草的水分主要来源于浅层和深层土壤,与果树存在水分竞争,但白三叶与果树的竞争效应小于黑麦草.同时,白三叶和黑麦草分别提高果树对40 cm以下土壤水和0-20 cm土壤水的利用;在8月和10月白三叶提高0-50 cm土层的土壤含水量,以及果树对0-40 cm土壤水的利用率.结果说明,种植白三叶比黑麦草能更好地调节果树水分利用层位及各土壤层位的利用率,使果树最大程度吸收水分.研究结果为揭示土壤-植物系统水分循环的驱动机制奠定基础,也为洛川塬果-草复合系统林下间作牧草品种的选择、果园水分优化管理提供科学依据.     

不同牧草组合在肉兔生产中应用效果的分析

在家兔饲料中添加4种优良牧草对肉兔生产应用效果进行了多重比较试验,探索不同牧草在单独和配合使用的情况下对肉兔生产能力和饲喂效果的差异性和显著性。试验证明,4种牧草中黑麦草饲喂效果最好,其次为聚合草。牧草混合饲喂的效果好于单独饲喂,其中黑麦草与白三叶混合饲喂效果最好。     

白三叶和黑麦草品种在成都地区的引种试验

对引自百绿集团的白三叶4个品种、多花黑麦草2个品种和多年生黑麦草2个品种在成都地区进行引种试验。结果表明：各品种均能适应当地气候条件,其中白三叶Sustain和C6151再生好,产量高,分别为88350kg／hm2和84450kg／hm2;多花黑麦草再生速度快,产量高,青绿期长,营养价值高;均可在四川盆地大面积推广。多年生黑麦草再生慢,产量低,且越夏性能差,可在高原牧区推广。     

我国南方高效牧草种植系统

本研究综述了我国南方主要牧草种植系统,其中包括粮草轮作系统、高大禾本科牧草种植系统、多年生混播草地种植系统及饲用玉米(Zea mays)-黑麦草（Lolium multiflorum）种植系统。针对饲用玉米-黑麦草系统在品种选育、丰产栽培技术、畜禽转化及时空配置等方面的相关研究进展做了归纳,并提出了高效牧草种植系统在理论研究和推广应用中的问题和展望。     

不同前作处理及后作饲用玉米种植密度对玉米饲草生产性能和品质的影响

为筛选出适用于西南地区"多花黑麦草(Lolium multiflorum)—饲用玉米(Zea mays)"轮作系统最佳种植组合,本研究采用双因素裂区试验设计,主因素为饲用玉米不同种植密度,副因素为不同多花黑麦草+燕麦前作混播组合,测定饲草生产性能和品质相关指标.结果表明:"多花黑麦草+燕麦"前作混播组合及后作青贮玉米种...     

黑麦草、草地早熟禾、翦股颖和白三叶的化感作用初探

实验选用浓度为 5 0 %、75 %、10 0 %的黑麦草、草地早熟禾、翦股颖和白三叶的茎叶浸提液 (母液浓度为 10 % ,w/v) ,按照培养皿砂培的生物检测方法对四种牧草的化感作用进行初探。结果表明 :适当浓度施体茎叶浸提液对受体植物萝卜、黑麦草、高羊茅、苜蓿、白三叶、红三叶的苗干重、根干重、苗长、根长等均产生明显的抑制或促进作用 ,说明四种牧草均存在化感作用的潜势 ,且受体植物的根受化感物质的影响比植株地上部分敏感     

淮北农区利用非耕地及冬闲地种草养畜试验

本研究引进紫花苜蓿，白三叶、无芒雀麦、黑麦草等牧草品种在蒙城进行区域性试验，观察不同品种的适口性、产量、适应性和营养价值，并分别进行播期试验，筛选出白三叶等适宜的牧草品种。饲养试验中对不同牧草的饲方法和效果等进行了详细的研究，对淮北地区利用非耕地及冬闲地种草饲养牛羊等草食这真有重要的意义。     

Effect of forage legumes and anthelmintic treatment on the performance, nutritional status and nematode parasites of grazing lambs

Recent studies in New Zealand and the UK have shown that certain forages reduce parasitic infection in sheep. The aim of this experiment was to investigate the effects of legume forages compared to ryegrass on interactions between production, nutritional status and nematodes in grazing lambs. Twenty-four male lambs per forage treatment, half of which were treated with anthelmintics on Day 0, grazed monocultures of lucerne (Medicago sativa), red clover (Trifolium pratense) and white clover (Trifolium repens) and were compared with lambs grazing perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne). Individual faecal egg counts (FEC) and liveweight were determined every 7 days for 56 days, after which half the lambs were slaughtered to determine total nematode intensities (TNI). Results showed that lambs grazed on red or white clover, but not lucerne, had lower pooled mean FEC and improved liveweight performance compared to lambs grazing ryegrass. Lambs treated with anthelmintics had higher TNI compared to lambs not treated, due to a trend for more adult nematodes in lambs grazing lucerne and treated with anthelmintics than all other lambs, except those grazing red clover and also given anthelmintics. Lambs grazing white clover tended to have fewer adult nematodes than lambs grazing other forages. Examination of the nematode species showed a change in female T. circumcincta occurred in all lambs following anthelmintic treatment and that the forage species grazed by lambs affected individual parasite species. Lambs grazing white clover had fewer male and adult T. circumcincta compared to lambs grazing other forages, and lambs grazing lucerne had fewer adult T. circumcincta compared to lambs grazing ryegrass or red clover. Data on small intestine TNI showed that lambs grazing lucerne and given anthelmintics had more male adult nematodes than other lambs, except those grazing red clover and treated with anthelmintics. Results indicate that lucerne and red clover both increase the re-infection of grazing lambs with Trichostrongylus species compared to ryegrass following anthelmintic treatment. In conclusion, legume forages have the potential to contribute to the control of abomasal but not small intestine nematode parasites in finishing lamb systems.     

The effect of dietary forage on the development and survival of helminth parasites in ovine faeces

Studies in New Zealand and the UK have shown that lambs grazing birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus) or chicory (Cichorium intybus) have reduced parasite intensities compared to lambs grazing ryegrass swards. However, data in the literature on the influence of forages on helminth parasites is equivocal and the underlying mechanisms by which different forage diets may affect these parasites have not been fully determined. The aim of the experiments reported here was to investigate the hypothesis that the consumption of these forages does not affect the hatching and development of helminth eggs in the faeces subsequently produced by the host animal. Lambs grazed monoculture swards of birdsfoot trefoil, chicory, Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum)/red clover (Trifolium pratense) or perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne)/white clover (Trifolium repens) for 5 weeks and faecal samples collected on days 14, 21, 28 and 35 directly from the rectum of each lamb were used to prepare replicate cultures for each forage type on each occasion. The experiment was repeated over two consecutive years but ryegrass/red clover was not included in Year 2. The dry matter of all faeces was made constant and the faeces were cultured at 27 degrees C for 7 days, before larvae were extracted, counted and identified according to genus or, where possible, species. Overall, the results showed that forage diet had no effect on egg hatchability but significantly affected the development/survival of infective helminth larvae in the faeces of the host animal. Furthermore, feeding birdsfoot trefoil to lambs was found to increase the percentage of helminth parasites that reached the infective stage in the subsequent faeces compared to other forages. Further work is needed to assess whether this would increase the number of larvae on birdsfoot trefoil swards overall under field conditions and to understand the implications of these findings in an applied farming system.