1-[(2-甲氧基-4-乙氧基)-苯基]-3-(3-(4-氧香豆素基)苯基)硫脲的合成

制备具有显著抗菌活性的1-[(2-甲氧基-4-乙氧基)苯基]-3-[(3-(4-氧香豆素)苯基]硫脲。以4-氯香豆素为原料,经过醚化、异硫氰酸化和缩合反应合成目标化合物1-[(2-甲氧基-4-乙氧基)-苯基]-3-(3-(4-氧香豆素基)苯基)硫脲。在优化的条件下,反应总收率为61. 63%,纯度为99%,其结构经1HNMR分析确认。该化合物具有优良的抗菌活性,该工艺简单经济,条件温和。     

放射性同位素碳-14标记氯虫苯甲酰胺的合成与分析

以[14C]碳酸钡为放射性同位素原料,通过格氏反应、亲核取代、胺化和缩合等8步放化反应制备了2种放射性同位素碳-14标记的氯虫苯甲酰胺粗品,经反相高效液相色谱(RPHPLC)纯化获得标记物纯品14C-氯虫苯甲酰胺[3-溴-N-[4-氯-2-甲基-6-(甲氨基[羰基-14C]甲酰基)苯基]-1-(3-氯-2-吡啶基)-1H-吡唑-5-甲酰胺(2,55.6 mCi)和3-溴-N-[4-氯-2-甲基-6-(甲氨基甲酰基)苯基]-1-(3-氯-2-吡啶基)-1H-吡唑-5-[羰基-14C]甲酰胺(3,58.6 mCi)]。以[14C]碳酸钡计,两种标记物的总放化收率分别为32%和52%。其结构经核磁共振氢谱、质谱和在线放射性高效液相色谱(HPLC-FSA)分析确认。放射性薄层成像分析(TLC-IIA)、离线放射性高效液相色谱分析(HPLC-LSC)、在线放射性高效液相色谱-二极管阵列检测器/质谱联用(HPLCFSA/PDA/MS)和LSC分析表明,两种14C-氯虫苯甲酰胺的放化纯度分别为99.8%和99.6%,化学纯度分别为99.1%和98.4%,比活度分别为52.45 mCi/mmol和52.30 mCi/mmol。这2种标记物可作为放射性示踪剂,可满足氯虫苯甲酰胺在中国的登记代谢试验研究的需要。     

1-（4-氯苯基）-3-吡唑醇的合成工艺

以对氯苯肼为原料经环合、氯化,合成1-（4-氯苯基）-3-吡唑醇。本文研究了其合成工艺和投料比、反应温度、反应时间,催化剂用量和溶剂种类对收率的影响。用IR、1HNMR表征了其结构,在最优条件下,1-（4-氯苯基）-3-吡唑醇合成的总收率为68．35％,含量为98．5％,该路线简单经济,条件温和,收率高,适合工业化生产。     

新型1H-吡唑-5-甲酰基氨基脲类化合物的合成及生物活性

采用活性亚结构拼接和生物合理设计的方法,将4-氯-1-甲基-3-乙基-5-吡唑甲酰肼与取代苯基异氰酸酯反应得到14个新的含氨基脲的吡唑类化合物。其结构经IR、1H NMR、质谱和元素分析确证。初步生物活性实验结果表明, 化合物1-( 4-氯-3-乙基-1-甲基-1H-吡唑-5-甲酰基) -4-(2-甲基苯基)氨基脲( 4g) , 1-( 4-氯-3-乙基-1-甲基-1H-吡唑-5-甲酰基) -4-( 4-氯苯基)氨基脲( 4b)在500μg /mL 剂量下对小麦白粉病菌Bumeria graminis和粘虫Mythimna separata 的抑制率和致死率分别达到90%和100%。     

棉田除草剂溴嘧氯草醚的中试合成及杂质鉴定

为研究棉田除草剂溴嘧氯草醚(开发代号SIOC0426,化学名称为N-[2-氯-6-(4,6-二甲氧基-2-嘧啶氧基)苄基]-4-溴苯胺)的中试合成工艺,以2-氟-6-氯苯甲醛为起始原料,通过水解、缩合、还原和亲核取代反应在公斤级规模上合成了溴嘧氯草醚,用高效液相色谱外标法测定了原药含量,通过三维高效液相色谱-质谱联用(HPLC-DAD-MS)技术对原药中的杂质结构进行了鉴定。结果表明,反应总收率高于80%,原药含量大于98%,主要杂质为未反应完全的中间体2-[(4-溴苯氨基)甲基]-3-氯苯酚和溴嘧氯草醚Smiles重排产物。该工艺反应条件温和,反应收率高,原药含量高,"三废"排放较少,较适合工业化放大生产。     

新型含吡唑杂环邻氨基苯甲酰胺类化合物的合成与杀螨活性

以氯虫苯甲酰胺和氟虫腈的结构为基础,通过活性亚结构拼接的方法,设计合成了24个新型含吡唑杂环邻氨基苯甲酰胺类化合物,其结构经1H NM R、IR及APCI-M S表征。初步生物活性测试结果表明:化合物5-溴-N-[4-氯-2-甲基-6-(甲氨基甲酰基)苯基]-1-1-[2,6-二氯-4-(三氟甲基)苯基]-4-三氟甲基亚磺酰基-1H-吡唑-3-甲酰胺(5k)和5-溴-N-[4-溴-2-甲基-6-(甲氨基甲酰基)苯基]-1-[2,6-二氯-4-(三氟甲基)苯基]-4-三氟甲基亚磺酰基-1H-吡唑-3-甲酰胺(5l)在500 mg/L下对朱砂叶螨Tetranychus cinnabarinus的致死率为100%,但在100 mg/L下其致死率则分别降至30%和50%。所得结果可为邻氨基苯甲酰胺类化合物构效关系研究提供参考。     

2-甲硫基-1-苯基乙酮苯甲酰腙类化合物的合成和生物活性

为寻找新型结构的农药先导化合物,采用2-甲硫基-1-取代苯基乙酮与取代苯甲酰肼反应合成了11个2-甲硫基-1-苯基乙酮苯甲酰腙类化合物,其化学结构经质谱、1H核磁共振与元素分析确证。生物活性试验结果表明,部分化合物具有杀菌或杀虫活性,如2-甲硫基-1-(4-甲基苯基)乙酮-4-氯苯甲酰腙( Ⅲj )在500 mg/L时对黄瓜灰霉病菌B.cinerea、小麦赤霉病菌G.zeae具有良好的杀菌活性,其抑制率达到95%以上。     

N-羟基-N-2-[N-(4-氯苯基)-3-吡唑氧基甲基]-苯胺的合成

高效低成本合成N-羟基-N-2-[N-(4-氯苯基)-3-吡唑氧基甲基]-苯胺。以2-[(N-4-氯苯基)-1H-吡唑-3-基氧甲基]硝基苯和碳酸氢钠为原材料,5%Pt/C为催化剂,通入氢气还原得N-羟基-N-2-[N-(4-氯苯基)-3-吡唑氧基甲基]-苯胺,并对不同条件下的试验结果进行了分析。优化条件为氢气进气压力为0.2Mpa,5%Pt/C催化剂与2-[(N-4-氯苯基)-1H-吡唑-3-基氧甲基]硝基苯的配比为5∶60,温度为30℃,反应时间为4h。该反应条件下产物反应收率≥97%,含量≥97%,生产成本低、操作简便非常适合工业化生产。     

2-[5-(4-甲氧基苯基)-(1,3.4)-噻二唑基-6-异丙基]胺基甲基苯酚的一锅法合成工艺

根据拼合原理,将1,3,4-噻二唑基引入羟基苯甲醛设计成新颖结构的胺基甲基苯酚,并研究其合成工艺。寻求制备具有杀菌活性的化合物2-[5-(4-甲氧基苯基)-(1,3. 4)-噻二唑基-6-异丙基]胺基甲基苯酚。以邻异丙基水杨醛和2-氨基-5-(4-甲氧基)-苯基-(1,3. 4)噻二唑为起始原料,经过缩合、还原反应一锅法制得目标化合物2-[5-(4-甲氧基苯基)-(1,3. 4)-噻二唑基-6-异丙基]胺基甲基苯酚。在优化的条件下,反应总收率为75. 8%,纯度为99. 1%。该工艺简单经济,条件温和,一锅法合成工艺减少了溶剂的用量和废物排放量,收率较高。     

3-[2-(4-氯-苯基)-1-(3,3-二甲基-氧代-丁基)-乙烯基]-2-氰基亚胺-1,3-噻唑的合成研究

本文研究了3-[2-(4-氯-苯基)-1-(3,3-二甲基-氧代-丁基)-乙烯基]-2-氰基亚胺-1,3-噻唑的合成方法,对反应的各个步骤中的投料摩尔比、溶剂、温度和催化剂进行了对比,优化了反应步骤,总结出了产率较高的合成路径。设计合成了未见报道的新型噻唑衍生物类化合物。其结构经红外光谱、氢核磁共振和气质联用谱图确认,总收率为37.3%。该合成技术降低了成本,减轻了对环境的污染,具有很好的发展前景和市场竞争力。     

农药中间体5-乙基吡啶-2,3-二甲酸二乙酯的清洁合成

本文介绍了农药中间体5-乙基吡啶-2,3-二甲酸二乙酯合成路线,通过试验分析,将生产过程中产生的废水进行回收,选择出适合工业化的清洁合成工艺,无三废,实现清洁合成。2步反应得到产品,总收率为70%(以乙氧基乙酸乙酯计),含量为85%。     

新型杀螨剂喹螨醚的合成

本文介绍了新型杀螨剂喹螨醚的合成原理、方法。探讨了影响产品收率的主要因素,确定了最佳工艺条件,收率稳定。喹螨醚总收率达61％～64％,产品纯度高于98％。     

诱蝇酮的合成及其对瓜实蝇的引诱活性

诱蝇酮[4-(对-乙酰氧基苯基)-2-丁酮]是引诱瓜实蝇[Bactrocera cucurbitae(Diptera,Tephritidae)]的类信息素(para-pheromone.又称cuelure).我国一些检疫单位目前都从国外进口该产品.本研究利用比较易得且价格低廉的覆盆子酮作为原材料,经过乙酰酯化得到引诱瓜实蝇的类信息素诱蝇酮.田间试验比较结果表明,合成产物与美国Bedoukian公司生产的诱蝇酮引诱活性无显著差异.在田间1g剂量的诱蝇酮诱捕活性持效期可以维持1个月以上,对瓜实蝇日诱捕高峰时问在6:30～14:30;在2m高的苦瓜棚架下,设置在1.5m高度(即苦瓜的高度)的诱捕器诱捕效果最佳,高于苦瓜架子时,诱虫量较少.     

地被菊CVB病毒基因的RT-PCR检测

为建立可靠、灵敏且高效的地被菊中菊花B病毒(Chrysanthemum virus B,CVB)的检测方法,利用特异性CVB基因引物,通过RT-PCR技术进行了特异性、重复性和灵敏度测试,最终利用优化的RT-PCR体系对地被菊植株感染CVB病毒情况进行了检测。结果显示,以染病地被菊植株的总RNA为模板扩增出的特异性片段编码211个氨基酸,与基因数据库中其它来源的CVB基因外壳蛋白同源性为96%~99%,可确定为菊花B病毒外壳蛋白基因;重复性和灵敏度检测中均获得了清晰的目标条带,且1 ng的总RNA即可扩增出特异性片段;对7个地被菊品种共32个植株的检测中,CVB的检出率为56.2%,检测的准确率为68.75%。表明建立的地被菊CVB基因的RT-PCR检测体系可有效用于地被菊植株感染病毒情况的鉴定。     

AMINOTRIAZOLE METABOLISM IN CIRSIUM ARVENSE (L.) SCOP. AND PISUM SATIVUM L.

Summary. Excised leaves as well as intact plants of Canada thistle ( Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop.) metabolized 3-amino-l,2,4-triazole (aminotriazole) to three major products, Unknowns II, 1a and 1b. Unknown II was identical to β-(3-amino-l,2,4-triazolyl-l-)α-alanine. Unknowns 1a and 1b, previously described as one product, were separated by electrophoresis and thin layer chromatography. Unknown 1a appeared to be a metabolic product of Unknown II while Unknown 1B was derived from Unknown 1a. An enzyme preparation from pea ( Pisum sativum L. cv . Thompson Laxton) seedlings capable of synthesizing tryptophan from indole and serine was also able to metabolize aminotriazole. Tryptophan synthesis with the enzyme preparation was inhibited by aminotriazole and evidence suggests that aminotriazole metabolism may follow a similar pathway to tryptophan synthesis.
Métabolisme de l'aminotriazole chez Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop, et Pisum sativum L.     

Organochlorine pesticide residues - a review of some recent findings

Investigations to determine the optimum timing and placement of a supplementary food spray, Envirofeast® on the abundance of predatory insects on cotton was conducted in irrigated commercial cotton fields at Yarral near Narrabri, New South Wales, Australia, in 1998 v - v 99. Plots treated with the supplementary food product at the four-true leaf stage recorded a significantly higher number of predatory beetles, bugs and lacewings per metre compared with plots treated at two, six and eight-true leaf stages and unsprayed (control) plots. The cumulative total number of predatory beetles, bugs and lacewings recorded throughout the season in both treated and control plots was 23.81 per m. Of this total, plots treated at four true leaf stage recorded the highest (7.15 per v m) (i.e 30.03%), followed by two true leaf (5.81 per m) (24.41%), six true-leaf (4.31 per v m (18.12%), eight true-leaf stage (4.63 per v m) (i.e. 19.44%) and the unsprayed (control) plot recorded the lowest (1.91 per m (8.03%). The number of spiders per metre were not significantly different ( p v > v 0.05) among treatments and the control plots. The number of predators recorded in cotton crops treated with the supplementary food product as a band spray (33 v - v 50% band) or skip row spray (i.e. to every second row) was not significantly different ( p v > v 0.05) from plots where the product was applied as a solid spray to the entire crop (no skip row and/or no banding). Thus, tailoring Envirofeast® treatment in this way will ultimately reduce the quantity of product used, the cost of the product and allow cotton growers to adopt a multiple-use pattern for the product to support integrated pest management programmes in cotton.     

Comparative effects of three isoxazole-urea herbicidal derivatives on the metabolism of enzymatically isolated soybean leaf cells*

The effects of the herbicide isouron and of its plant degradation products designated as metabolite l {N-[5-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-3-isoxazolyl]-N-methylurea} and metabolite 2 {N-[5-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-3-isoxazolyl]-urea} on the metabolism of enzymatically isolated leaf cells of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr., cv. Essex] were compared under laboratory conditions. Photosynthesis, protein synthesis, ribonucleic acid synthesis, and lipid synthesis were assayed by the incorporation of NaH¹⁴CO₃, [¹⁴C]-leucine, [¹⁴C]-uracil, and [¹⁴C]-acetate, respectively, into the isolated cells. Time-course and concentration studies included incubation periods of 30, 60, and 120 min and concentrations of 0.1, 1, 10 and 100 μM of the three herbicides. The urea derivative of isouron (metabolite 2) was the least active of the three compounds. The activity of the mono-methylated derivative of isouron (metabolite 1) was comparable to that of isouron and the sensitivity of the four processes to both chemicals decreased in the order: photosynthesis > ribonucleic acid synthesis > lipid synthesis > protein synthesis. The concentration of isouron that caused a 50% inhibition of photosynthesis of the isolated soybean leaf cells was calculated at 0.51 μM. The effects of isouron and metabolite 1 on photosynthesis, lipid and RNA synthesis appeared to be independent of incubation lime as maximal inhibition occurred within 30 min. Inhibition of protein synthesis by both chemicals was time-dependent, increasing in magnitude with concomitant increases in incubation time.     

土壤拮抗放线菌S-5210-6活性产物抑菌谱及其作用机制

为了明确拮抗性放线菌S-5210-6在植物病害生物防治中的实用价值,并为其后续的生防制剂的研发提供科学依据,在离体条件下采用生长速率法和抑菌圈法和在活体条件下采用盆栽法对其活性产物的抑菌谱进行测定。结果表明,在离体条件下S-5210-6活性产物对病原细菌具有选择性抑制作用,对供试的病原真菌均有较强的抑制作用;在温室条件下,对专性寄生病原菌黄瓜霜霉病菌,不仅能阻止其菌丝的入侵,而且对已侵入的菌丝有很好的治疗作用。采用生长速率法和孢子萌发法对S-5210-6菌株活性产物作用机制进行了研究,结果表明,S-5210-6菌株活性产物不仅能强烈抑制病原菌菌丝的生长和分生孢子的萌发,而且经S-5210-6活性产物处理的病原菌菌丝和初萌发的分生孢子,接种寄主植物后,其致病性明显减弱,病斑的扩展减慢,且致病性的减弱程度与活性产物的浓度呈正相关关系。     

Structure assignment to biologically produced malathion monocarboxylic acid isomers with 13C-nuclear magnetic resonance

Chemical synthesis of malathion α- and β-monocarboxylic acid yields a mixture of the two structural isomers. These two isomers were separated by preparative anion-exchange chromatography on QAE-Sephadex. ¹³C-Nuclear magnetic resonance of the pure components shows that the main product is the β-isomer, with the α-isomer being present in much smaller quantities. This result was used for identification of hydrolytic malathion metabolites produced by rat tissues. On incubation of malathion with rat liver fractions in vitro it was found that α- and β-monoacid are formed in a ratio of 3:2, whereas this ratio is 9:2 for the metabolites excreted into the urine after intraperitoneal injection of malathion in rats.