调控剂对锌镉污染土壤植物修复效率及后茬蔬菜重金属吸收的影响

采用盆栽试验,在连续12年高量施用污泥有机肥引起的Zn、Cd污染土壤上种植伴矿景天,并向土壤中添加亚氨基二琥珀酸(IDS)、乙二胺二琥珀酸三钠(EDDS)、硫磺等化学调控剂及稳定剂钙镁磷肥,研究调控剂对伴矿景天吸收Zn、Cd及施用钙镁磷肥对后茬蔬菜重金属污染风险的影响,以期探索出既可提高超积累植物重金属吸取修复效率又能降低后茬农作物重金属污染风险的植物修复模式.结果表明,施用120 mmol/kg硫粉(Sed+S)处理可显著增加伴矿景天地上部生物量,分别比未加调控剂的对照处理伴矿景天(Sed)、伴矿景天添加有机调控剂(Sed+OE)处理增加34.7％和47.9％.施用3 mmol/kg IDS则显著降低了伴矿景天地上部Cd浓度,比Sed处理降低了35.5％.施用钙镁磷肥稳定剂可有效降低后茬蔬菜苋菜体内Zn、Cd浓度,降幅为57％、63％,施用4 g/kg钙镁磷肥后土壤醋酸铵提取态Zn、Cd分别较对照降低66.1％、72.4％.可见,适当施用硫肥能促进伴矿景天的生长,添加钙镁磷肥降低土壤有效态重金属浓度,减少后茬作物污染风险.     

Predicting the Phytoextraction Duration to Remediate Heavy Metal Contaminated Soils

The applicability of phytoextraction to remediate soils contaminated with heavy metals (HMs) depends on, amongst others, the duration before remediation is completed. The impact of changes in the HM content in soil occurring during remediation on plant uptake has to be considered in order to obtain a reliable estimate of the phytoextraction duration. To simulate the decrease in the HM content in soil and to assess the resulting decrease in the uptake of HMs by plants, contaminated soil was mixed with uncontaminated, but otherwise similar soil. Uptake of Cd, Pb, and Zn by the indicator plant Lupinus hartwegii and the Zn hyperaccumulator Thlaspi caerulescens (La Calamine ecotype) was a log-linear function of the in-situ measured HM soil solution concentrations. Over a wide range in dissolved Cd and Zn concentrations, uptake of these HMs by T. caerulescens was (much) greater than by L. hartwegii. Experimentally derived regression models describing the relationships between soil, soil solution, and plant were implemented in a HM mass balance model used to obtain estimates of the phytoextraction duration. For our target soils, estimates of the Cd phytoextraction duration using L. hartwegii or T. caerulescens increased significantly by more than 100 or 50 years when experimental soil—soil solution—plant relationships were used instead of the assumption of constant plant uptake of Cd. The two approaches gave similar results for phytoextraction of Zn by T. caerulescens.     

Phytoextraction of Lead from Soil from a Battery Recycling Site: The Use of Citric Acid and NTA

Phytoextraction is a soil remediation technique involving plants that concentrate heavy metals in their shoots, which may be removed from the area by harvest. The application of synthetic chelants to soil increases metal solubility, and therefore enhances phytoextraction. However, synthetic chelants degrade poorly in soil, and metal leaching poses a threat to human and animal health. The aim of this study is to assess the use of two biodegradable chelants (citric acid and nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA)) for Pb phytoextraction by maize from a soil contaminated by battery-casing disposal. In order to assess the behavior of a non-degradable chelant, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) was also included in the experiment. The chelants NTA and EDTA were applied to soil pots at rates of 0, 3, 5, 7, and 10 mmol kg^?1 of soil. The rates used to citric acid were 0, 5, 10, 15, and 30 mmol kg^?1. Maize plants were grown for 72 days and chelants were applied 9 days before harvest. Soil samples were extracted with CaCl₂ to assess the Pb solubility after chelants application. The results showed that NTA was more efficient than citric acid to solubilize Pb from soil; however, citric acid promoted higher net removal of Pb (120 mg pot^?1) than NTA (57 mg pot^?1). Thus, the use of citric acid, a biodegradable organic acid, could be feasible for enhancing the phytoextraction of Pb from the site studied with no environmental constraints.     

Microbially Enhanced Phytoextraction of Heavy-Metal Fly-Ash Amended Soil

A study was carried out for the phytoextraction of metals by S. munja with the interventions of growth-promoting bacteria isolated from fly ash (FA). It was observed that when a consortium of Bacillus endophyticus NBRFT4, Paenibacillus macerans NBRFT5, and Bacillus pumilus NBRFT9 was inoculated in the rhizospheric zone of S. munja, it not only enhanced metal uptake through mobilization but also promoted the plant growth. A combined effect of both factors accelerated the phytoextraction of nickel (Ni), zinc (Zn), and iron (Fe) by two- or three-fold. Plant growth and metal bioavailability both were promoted by the synthesis of siderophore (ACC), indole acetic acid (IAA), gibberellic acid, and cytokinins by bacteria. In addition, bacteria might also change the speciation of metals to make it more water soluble for plant uptake. Hence, a microbe-based phytoextraction of metals from contaminated sites may be recommended for use as an environmentally sound technology in place of conventional methods.     

Phytoextraction and Assisted Phytoextraction of Metals from Agriculture Used Soil

The clone (Salix?×?smithiana, Willd.) was cultivated in lysimeter pots to monitor lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), and zinc (Zn) leachate and to compare the effect of ectomycorrhizal inoculum (ECMI; Paxillus involutus, Bartsch. ex Fr.) on plant growth and metal uptake by willows during two consecutive vegetation periods. The willow clone was able to reduce metal leaching significantly because of its high phytoextraction potential. In addition, ECMI (i) significantly enhanced plant growth; (ii) decreased metal-induced plant stress, which was represented by greater N_total in biomass and by greater productions of free amino acids AA_free (from 128 ± 10 to 204 ± 16 μmol kg^?1 fresh weight); and (iii) showed no additional effect of metal uptake. Furthermore, treated willows were affected indirectly, probably because of unsuccessful inoculation by Paxillus involutus, Bartsch. ex Fr., caused by high level of volumetric water content (θ_v) during both vegetation periods (θ_v = 25%).     

镉污染土壤伴矿景天的萃取强化-螯合剂和植物激素的叶面调控

为提高Cd超富集植物伴矿景天(Sedum plumbizicola)的植物萃取能力,采用盆栽试验研究螯合剂乙二胺四乙酸(EDTA)和植物激素脱落酸(ABA)单独和联合作用的叶面调控对伴矿景天生长和Cd吸收转运的影响,并通过大田试验进行验证。结果表明:盆栽试验叶面喷施EDTA、ABA均能提高伴矿景天对Cd的转运,地下部至地上部的Cd转运系数为EDTA＞ABA,但叶面EDTA处理对生长旺盛期伴矿景天的生长有抑制。伴矿景天各部位Cd富集浓度差异很大,呈现新叶＞地下部＞茎＞老叶,新叶中Cd浓度是老叶的3.6~5.4倍,且主要富集在细胞壁和细胞器中,占总富集量的88%~94%。EDTA处理新叶细胞器中Cd浓度剧增,ABA处理新叶细胞壁中Cd浓度增加,ABA和EDTA联合使用可以缓解EDTA对生长的抑制,且更有利于Cd从根系向地上部转运。大田小区试验叶面诱导强化伴矿景天Cd萃取是可行的,ABA和EDTA联合处理显著增加伴矿景天总Cd积累量,增幅达到37.87%。研究结果为伴矿景天修复Cd污染土壤提供理论指导。     

巨大/胶冻样类芽孢杆菌对印度芥菜修复Cd污染土壤的影响

采用盆栽试验方法,研究了接种巨大芽孢杆菌和胶冻样类芽孢杆菌的混合发酵液对印度芥菜修复Cd污染土壤的影响。结果表明,接种混合菌发酵液可显著增加印度芥菜的生物量,接种20d、接种量为50ml时,总生物量较对照组增加了50.44%;在接种30d时,50ml混合菌发酵液处理的印度芥菜地上部P、K的含量显著高于对照组,分别增加了48.84%和74.90%,同时接种50ml混合菌发酵液可显著提高根际和非根际土壤中有效态Cd含量,使其较对照分别增加了39.29%和32.52%。接种混合菌发酵液可促进印度芥菜对土壤Cd的吸收,接种40d接种量为50ml时Cd吸收总量较对照组显著增加了60.36%。综上所述,接种混合菌发酵液50ml时,可促进印度芥菜的生长,增加土壤有效态Cd含量,从而提高了印度芥菜对Cd污染土壤的修复效率。     

Phytoextraction and Accumulation of Lead from Contaminated Soil by Vetiver Grass: Laboratory and Simulated Field Study

A soil-culture study was conducted to investigate the phytoextraction of lead (Pb) in two species of vetiver grass (Vetiveria zizanioides and V. nemoralis) irrigated with an increasing level of Pb(NO₃)₂ (5, 7, 9 and 11 g L^-1) for 12 weeks. In a laboratory study, the removalof lead from soil was correlated with lead accumulation by roots and shoots of both species of vetiver grass. High concentration of lead (9—11 g L^-1) resulted in decrease of growth, total chlorophyllcontent and biomass of V. zizanioides, while V. nemoralis died after one week of application. Toxicity symptoms (e.g., burning leaf margins, shoot die back) occurred in vetiver grass at a high concentration of lead. Based on the data V. zizanioides tolerated and accumulated the greatest amount of lead most effectively. A simulated field experiment was conducted to examine the efficiency of vetiver grass in removing lead from contaminated soil. The vetiver grasses, V. zizanioides and V. nemoralis, were grown in soil contaminated with Pb(NO₃)₂ (5, 7, 9, and 11 g L^-1) for 3 months. The removal of lead from soil was correlated with lead accumulation by roots and shoots of both grass species. The grass roots took up more lead than the shoots. V. zizanioides could uptake more lead from soil than V. nemoralis. The effects of lead on the biomass of V. zizanioides and V. nemoralisshowed that in both species, the biomass was decreased when the lead concentration was increased. In comparison, V. zizanioidesshowed greater biomass than V. nemoralis.     

MGDA与DA-6强化黑麦草对Cd污染土壤的修复作用

采用盆栽土培法,研究新型清洗剂甲基甘氨酸二乙酸(MGDA)和植物生长调节剂胺鲜脂(DA-6)对Cd污染土壤植物修复的强化性能及其对植物体内Cd的解毒作用。结果表明:MGDA单独使用可促进黑麦草对Cd的富集,提高黑麦草抗氧化酶活性,但与对照相比,丙二醛(MDA)含量增加,且Cd在细胞壁中的比例(F1)下降,在细胞可溶组分(F2)和细胞器(F3)中的比例增加,因此,黑麦草生物量和叶绿素含量显著下降(P0.05)。DA-6单独作用不仅促进黑麦草对Cd的富集,而且提高了黑麦草抗氧化酶活性,降低了MDA含量,Cd在F1中比例增加,在F2和F3中的比例下降,显著提高了黑麦草生物量和叶绿素含量(P0.05)。DA-6与MGDA联用结果表明:DA-6可在一定程度上缓解Cd/MGDA对黑麦草的毒害,两者联用进一步强化黑麦草对Cd的富集(P0.05),其中,Cd外源添加浓度为25,50,100mg/kg,1μmol/LDA-6+5mmol/kgMGDA使黑麦草45d地上部分Cd浓度分别达到91.0,165.7,226.4mg/kg,Cd提取效率分别为2.2%,1.7%,0.8%,可在土壤Cd污染的植物修复中作为强化措施。     

Phytoextraction of Thorium from Soil and Water Media

Remediation of ecosystems that have been exposed to radionuclides is of great importance for many countries. At present the remediation efforts using existing technologies are rather expensive. Phytoremediation can serve as a perspective method for rehabilitation of the radioactive contaminated soils and wastes. Among other radio-nuclides, limited information is available on screening and selection of plants for thorium uptake. In our work short-term pot experiments in a greenhouse have been performed to study the phytoextraction of thorium by wheat seedlings grown in soil and different water media artificially contaminated with thorium. Addition of a small amount of thorium to the media resulted in a significant increase of thorium concentration both in roots and leaves of the wheat seedlings. The uptake of Th by roots depended of the media where the plants grew: it was more significant in water-grown plants. The rate of Th translocation from roots to leaves was approximately the same regardless of the growth medium. The bioaccumulation of Th in the wheat resulted inthe removal of Th from the soil and water. During the short-term vegetation test concentration of Th in all the media decreased: in water — 2—5 times, in soil — 1.7 times. Th accumulation in the wheat seedlings affected concentrations and relationships between other elements in the plants. More significant changes were found in the wheat grown in doubly distilled water and in nutrient solution.The most affected part of the plants was the root system.     

Effects of a New-Type Cleaning Agent and a Plant Growth Regulator on Phytoextraction of Cadmium from a Contaminated Soil

In China, great efforts are being made to remediate farmlands polluted by heavy metals. In this study, a soil pot experiment was conducted to examine the effects of a new-type cleaning agent, methylglycinediacetic acid(MGDA), and a plant growth regulator(PGR), diethl aminoethyl hexanoate(DA-6), on plant growth and extraction and detoxification of cadmium(Cd) by ryegrass. The results showed that foliar spray of DA-6 alone improved plant growth, with root length and shoot dry biomass increased by 38.5%–58.6% and 71.1%–89.3%, respectively, whereas addition of MGDA alone decreased root length and shoot dry biomass by 10.3%–18.6%and 9.1%–21.8%, respectively. Diethl aminoethyl hexanoate promoted the binding of Cd to cell walls and thus alleviated the toxicity of Cd and/or MGDA to plants. Applications of DA-6 and/or MGDA resulted in a significant increase in Cd extraction efficiency(P 0.05), and the efficiency decreased in the order of MGDA + DA-6 DA-6 MGDA. The treatment of MGDA + DA-6 achieved 2.2%, 1.7%, and 0.8% Cd extraction efficiency by ryegrass in soils spiked with 25, 50, 100 mg Cd kg~(-1), respectively. Therefore,treatment of MGDA + DA-6 could be an efficient method for enhancing phytoremediation of Cd-contaminated soil by ryegrass.     

Root Exudates Increase Metal Accumulation in Mixed Cultures: Implications for Naturally Enhanced Phytoextraction

Soluble root exudates collected from the barley grown in Fe deficient-nutrition solutions were added to soil to study their effects on metal solubility. The results showed that the addition of barley root exudates from the Fe deficient-nutrition solutions resulted in a 4.7-, 3.2-, 9.7-, 4.9- and 11.5-fold increase in the concentrations of soluble Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd and Fe, respectively, in comparison with the root exudates from the full-nutrition solutions. When peas were placed in a mixed culture with barley in pots, the concentrations of Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd and Fe in the shoots of the peas were 1.5-, 1.8-, 1.4-, 1.4- and 1.3 times higher than those grown in sole (single culture pots). It was hypothesized that the root exudates from barley in the mixed culture system played an important role in the process of solubilizing metals in soil and facilitating the uptake of metals by peas. Although the improved efficiency from the current experiments was relatively low, it may indicate a potential approach to the remediation of metal-contaminated soils in a naturally enhanced way.     

不同钝化剂对Cu、Cr和Ni复合污染土壤的修复研究

利用盆栽试验研究了不同钝化剂(沸石、牡蛎壳、鸡蛋壳、硅藻土和聚丙烯酰胺(PAM))对生长在重金属污染土壤上的青菜(Brassica chinensis L.)生物量、重金属吸收以及超氧化物歧化酶的活性(SOD)和丙二醛(MDA)含量的影响,同时,通过对土壤p H和土壤重金属提取态的分析,探讨了钝化剂影响青菜生物量和重金属吸收的可能原因。结果表明:钝化剂加入可显著降低青菜地上部分Cu、Zn、Ni和Cd的含量及其氧化性损伤和脂膜损伤(SOD和MDA指标显著降低)。施入钝化剂后,土壤p H显著提高,重金属提取态Cu、Zn、Pb、Ni和Cd普遍降低(硅藻土处理除外)。相关性分析表明,土壤p H与提取态重金属Pb、Zn、Ni和Cd呈显著的负相关,而青菜中的重金属Zn、Ni和Cd的含量与土壤提取态含量呈显著正相关。综合考虑,单一钝化剂牡蛎壳和沸石+牡蛎壳+鸡蛋壳(FMJ)组合对降低青菜重金属吸收的效果尤为显著,可推荐作为重金属复合污染土壤的改良剂。本研究为重金属中轻度污染菜地的土壤修复提供了一种新方法。     

共培养对土壤重金属污染植物修复的调控作用

A co-culture of two plant materials, Astragalus sinicus L., a leguminous plant with concomitant nodules, and Elsholtzia splendens Naki-a Cu accumulator, along with treatments of a chelating agent (EDTA), root excretions (citric acid), and a control with E. splendens only were used to compare the mobility of heavy metals in chelating agents with a co-culture and to determine the potential for co-culture phytoremediation in heavy metal contaminated soils. The root uptake for Cu, Zn, and Pb in all treatments was significantly greater (P < 0.05) than that of the control treatment. However with translocation in the shoots, only Cu, Zn, and Pb in plants grown with the EDTA treatment and Zn in plants co-cropped with the A. sinicus treatment increased significantly (P < 0.05). In addition, when a co-culture in soils with heavy and moderate contamination was compared, for roots in moderately contaminated soils only Zn concentration was significantly less (P < 0.05) than that of heavily contaminated soils, however, Cu, Zn, and Pb concentrations of shoots were all significantly lower (P < 0.05). Overall, this "co-culture engineering" could be as effective as or even more effective than chelating agents, thereby preventing plant metal toxicity and metal leaching in soils as was usually observed in chelate-enhanced phytoremediation.     

Rhamnolipid Foam Enhanced Remediation of Cadmium and Nickel Contaminated Soil

Column experiments were conducted to evaluate the feasibility of using a rhamnolipid foam to remove heavy metals (Cd and Ni) from a sandy soil contaminated with Cd (1706 ppm) and Ni (2010 ppm). Best results were obtained from the foam generated by a 0.5% rhamnolipid solution with an initial pH value of 10.0 after flushing with 20-pore-volume of solution. These conditions removed 73.2% of the Cd and 68.1% of the Ni. Removal efficiencies by foam generated by a chemical surfactant, Triton X-100, were investigated as a comparison. It removed 65.5% of the Cd and 57.3% of the Ni under the same conditions. After a 20-pore-volume liquid solution flushing, 0.5% rhamnolipid (initial pH 10.0) without foam generation removed 61.7% of the Cd and 51.0% of the Ni, whereas 0.5% Triton X-100 (initial pH 10.0) removed 52.8% of the Cd and 45.2% of the Ni. Distilled water with adjusted pH only was also used to flush through the contaminated soil column as a control. It removed 17.8% of the Cd and 18.7% of the Ni. This study shows that rhamnolipid foam technology can be an effective means for the remediation of cadmium and nickel contaminated soil.     

龙须草生长对重金属污染土壤的影响

为了探明龙须草种植对重金属污染土壤的影响,利用盆栽培养试验研究某矿业废弃地污染土壤对龙须草生长的影响,分析了龙须草生长90d,180d,270d和360d时土壤营养成分、重金属镉铅含量、微生物生物量和酶活性等的变化,以不种植龙须草为对照。结果表明,随着龙须草的生长,土壤镉铅总量和有效态含量均呈下降趋势,生长1a后土壤镉铅的有效态含量分别下降了28%和15%,但与对照相比无显著差异。土壤营养成分、微生物生物量和酶活性呈上升趋势,且与对照差异显著。与试验前相比,龙须草生长组有机质含量提高了1.5倍,全氮、全磷、全钾、速效磷和速效钾含量分别上升了7.6%,3.1%,10.2%,11.4%和11.2%。土壤微生物生物量碳、氮、磷、土壤转化酶、脲酶、酸性磷酸酶和过氧化氢酶活性分别增加了0.9倍,1.1倍,3.0倍,1.1倍,0.4倍,0.3倍和0.5倍。各指标相关性分析表明,土壤营养成分、微生物生物量和酶活性之间呈正相关,而与重金属含量呈负相关。说明龙须草对重金属污染土壤有一定的修复作用,具有较大的应用潜力。     

EDTA对污染土壤水稳团聚体Cu Zn Pb的解吸作用

采用湿筛-离心法将采集自谷里铜矿矿区周边的重金属污染土壤筛分成不同粒径的团聚体,并用EDTA对原土和各粒径组分进行淋洗,旨在为进一步对矿区周边环境修复及风险评价提供参考依据。结果显示,粘粒级（〈0.002mm）团聚体颗粒具有相对较高的有机质（OM）含量、阳离子交换量（CEC）、游离氧化铝含量（Ald）和游离氧化铁含量（Fed）。Cu和Zn在粘粒级团聚体颗粒含量最高,而Pb在砂粒级〉0.2mm团聚体颗粒含量最高。Cu、Zn和Pb3种重金属在不同粒径团聚体的解吸规律相似,均表现出在粘粒级和细粉沙级团聚体解吸率最高,而在砂粒级团聚体的解吸率最低,但砂粒级团聚体颗粒对解吸总量的贡献最大。3种金属中,Cu的解吸率（〉15%）和解吸速率最大,原土及不同粒径颗粒团聚体组分的Cu、Pb和Zn的EDTA解吸过程均出现快速增长再趋于平缓的两个阶段,动力学模拟以Elovich方程描述最优。     

Tween 80对DDTs污染场地土壤的增溶洗脱效果研究

以苏南某滴滴涕类化合物（DDTs）污染场地土壤为研究对象,进行实验室批量洗脱试验,研究了环境友好型表面活性剂Tween 80对土壤中DDTs的增溶洗脱效果及其影响因素。结果表明,Tween 80显著地增加了DDTs表观溶解度,在临界胶束浓度（CMC）以上对DDTs的增溶曲线呈指数衰减函数关系,DDTs各组分洗脱量顺序为4,4′-DDT〉4,4′-DDD〉2,4′-DDD〉2,4′-DDT。Tween 80的浓度、洗脱次数及土壤吸附作用共同影响其对DDTs的洗脱效果。去离子水能有效去除土壤中残留Tween 80,Tween 80解吸附率最高可达72.66%,大大降低了Tween 80二次污染土壤的风险。Tween 80增溶和去离子水解吸附联合过程对DDTs洗脱效果产生显著的协同作用。10 000 mg·L^-1浓度条件下Tween 80对DDTs的去除率最高为72%,其次为8 000 mg·L^-1 的Tween 80水溶液,去除率为66.72%。采用8 000 mg·L^-1的Tween 80溶液进行土壤洗涤处理,结合其他修复技术,可能会是修复DDTs污染土壤的有效技术方案之一。     

Enhanced Heavy Metal Phytoextraction from Marine Dredged Sediments Comparing Conventional Chelating Agents (Citric Acid and EDTA) with Humic Substances

Metal (Cu, Mn, Ni, Zn, Fe) concentrations in marine sediment and zooplankton were investigated in Izmir Bay of the Eastern Aegean Sea, Turkey. The study aimed to assess the levels of metal in different environmental compartments of the Izmir Bay. Metal concentrations in the sediment (dry weight) ranged between 4.26–70.8 μg g^?1 for Cu, 233–923 μg g^?1 for Mn, 14.9–127 μg g^?1 for Ni, 25.6–295 μg g^?1 for Zn, 12,404–76,899 μg g^?1 for Fe and 38,226–91,532 μg g^?1 for Al in the Izmir Bay. Maximum metal concentrations in zooplankton were observed during summer season in the inner bay. Significant relationships existed between the concentrations of certain metals (Al, Fe, Mn and Ni) in sediment, suggesting similar sources and/or similar geochemical processes controlling such metals. Higher concentrations of Cu, Zn and percent organic matter contents were found in the middle-inner bays sediments. Based on the correlation matrix obtained for metal data, organic matter was found to be the dominant factor controlling Cu and Zn distributions in the sediment. In general, mean Cu and Zn levels in the bay were above background concentrations in Mediterranean sediments. Zooplankton metal concentrations were similar to sediment distributions.     

钢渣施用对多金属复合污染土壤的改良效果及水稻吸收重金属的影响

通过盆栽实验和大田实验研究了钢渣施用对多金属复合污染土壤pH、有效硅、有效态重金属含量（镉、铅、铜、锌）以及水稻吸收重金属的影响。盆栽实验设置5个处理,分别是CK（无钢渣）、SS3和SS6（分别加入3g·kg-1和6g·kg-1100目钢渣）、FSS3和FSS6（分别加入3g·kg-1和6g·kg-1180目钢渣）;大田实验设置两个处理：CK（无钢渣）和SS（加入3g·kg-1100目钢渣）。结果表明,盆栽实验土壤pH值及有效硅含量随钢渣施用量的增加和粒径的减小显著上升,土壤有效态重金属含量则出现显著下降。水稻地上部重金属浓度在施加钢渣后均显著降低,并且远低于地下部浓度;大部分钢渣施加处理对降低地下部重金属浓度也有显著效果。大田实验结果显示,钢渣改良的处理,不仅提高了水稻产量,稻米中的重金属浓度也得到了大幅降低,并达到了国家食品安全标准。综合来看,施用钢渣可有效改良多金属复合污染土壤的性质,抑制水稻对重金属的吸收和转运,降低水稻特别是其地上部的重金属浓度。