共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 62 毫秒
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文章简述了国内外观赏植物花药培养的研究进展,分析总结了影响花药培养的因素,如供体植物基因型、花粉发育时期、预处理、基本培养基及附加成分、培养条件等,提出了花药培养过程中的技术问题,并阐述了花药培养技术的未来发展方向。 相似文献
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冬小麦常用亲本以及配组一代花药培养力的研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
对300个冬小麦常用亲本和它们的部分F1后代花药培养力的研究表明,愈伤组织诱导率和绿苗分化率都是可遗传性状。它们受不同的遗传基因控制,具有各自的遗传特性。杂种1代的愈伤组织诱导率具有明显的加性效应和杂种优势,而绿苗分化率则介于双亲之间。 相似文献
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用花药培养筛选耐盐变异体培育小麦耐盐品种的新途径 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
1986-1991年,应用花药培养与耐盐变异体筛选相结合的方法,对小麦耐盐育种新途径进行了探索,研究结果表明,在小麦花药培养中,选择加入一定浓度的NaCl的筛选培养基,可以筛选出耐盐变异体,获得耐盐花培株系,经5个有性世代的鉴定表明,耐盐变异体的耐盐特性可以稳定遗传给后代,经筛选的花培株系中,耐盐特性能够稳定遗传的株系比例约占1/4,应用于育种实践,经多点鉴定,选育出了一批有实用价值的种质材料和优 相似文献
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对于花药培养育种的杂交组合材料,大部分(83%)单位花药培养育种的杂交组合材料未按双亲品种的花药培养效率,而是根据其各个时期的育种目标决定。花药培养对单一基因支配的病害抗性育种,花性基因支配的形质高种,早熟化、低直链淀粉、食味提高等的育种是有效的。为了最大限度地缩短育种年限,把夏季杂交得到的F1种子在当年秋季播种, 相似文献
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萝卜雄性不育系个体发育过程中3种同工酶活性的比较分析 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
以3种萝卜雄性不育系及保持系为试材,系统研究了它们在营养生长期及生殖生长期过氧化物酶(POD)同IM、酯酶(EST)同工酶及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)同工酶活性的变化。结果表明:在营养生长期与生殖生长期的营养器官中,3种不育系的POD活性均低于保持系,而在生殖生长期的花蕾中,不育系的POD活性却高于保持系;EST活性变化表现出与POD相反的趋势;而作为清除氧自由基的SOD与败育关系不大。 相似文献
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花药培养在小麦耐盐育种上的应用研究 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
在小麦花药培养中,采用加入一定浓度NaCl(0.1%、0.3%、0.5%)的筛选培养基,用恒定浓度筛选法和逐渐增加浓度筛选法,可筛选出耐盐变异体,获得耐盐花培株系。两种筛选方法比较,逐渐增加浓度筛选法可以明显提高筛选效率。经5个有性世代的鉴定表明,耐盐变异体的耐盐特性可以稳定遗传给后代。经筛选的花培株系中,耐盐特性能够稳定遗传的株系比例约占1/4。在育种实践中,经多点试验鉴定,已选育出一批有实用价 相似文献
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播种期和品种对萝卜现蕾、抽薹和开花的影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
对冬性强弱不同的4个萝卜品种进行周年播种,以探讨其现蕾、抽薹和开花的响应。结果表明,从播种至现蕾、抽薹和开花所需的时间不仅品种间和播种期之间存在显著差异,而正品种与播种期之间的互作效应也达到极显著水平。播种后现蕾、抽薹时间越短,现蕾时叶片数也越少、初花期植株越矮小。在杭州的气候条件下,“白玉春”和“早春大根”周年播种在现蕾前均能够获得正常或基本正常的肉质根,但尽可能避免11月下旬至2月下旬;“一点红”只要在4月至11月初播种亦可在现蕾、抽薹前获得大小正常的肉质根;“短叶13”只有在6月下旬至9月下旬播种时方能在现蕾、抽薹前获得大小正常的肉质根。 相似文献
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Ryoichi Nakatsuji Tomoko Hashida Naoko Matsumoto Masato Tsuro Nakao Kubo Masashi Hirai 《Breeding Science》2011,61(4):413-419
Radish (Raphanus sativus L.) belongs to Brassicaceae family and is a close relative of Brassica. This species shows a wide morphological diversity, and is an important vegetable especially in Asia. However, molecular research of radish is behind compared to that of Brassica. For example, reports on SSR (simple sequence repeat) markers are limited. Here, we designed 417 radish SSR markers from SSR-enriched genomic libraries and the cDNA data. Of the 256 SSR markers succeeded in PCR, 130 showed clear polymorphisms between two radish lines; a rat-tail radish and a Japanese cultivar, ‘Harufuku’. As a test case for evaluation of the present SSRs, we conducted two studies. First, we selected 16 SSRs to calculate polymorphism information contents (PICs) using 16 radish cultivars and four other Brassicaceae species. These markers detected 3–15 alleles (average = 9.6). PIC values ranged from 0.54 to 0.92 (average = 0.78). Second, part of the present SSRs were tested for mapping using our previously-examined mapping population. The map spanned 672.7 cM with nine linkage groups (LGs). The 21 radish SSR markers were distributed throughout the LGs. The SSR markers developed here would be informative and useful for genetic analysis in radish and its related species. 相似文献
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We investigated variation in floral morphology among 36 accessions of radish (Raphanus sativus L.). We found wide, continuous inter-accession variation in 15 traits related to the size of the floral organs and the stigma position relative to the anthers of long stamens. A principal-component analysis of the 15 floral traits also showed wide variation among accessions. A large proportion of this variation was accounted for by lengths of stamens and the petal tube. In addition, the phenotypic stabilities with respect to the macro-environment (as affected by different sowing dates) and the micro-environment (among the flowers within a plant) differed between traits. Correlation analyses using all traits suggest the existence of genetic linkages or pleiotropies among floral organs. Our results indicate that floral morphologies varied greatly among radish accessions and they could be affected by the macro- and micro-environment. To explore the relationship between floral morphology and pollination efficiency, we compared the number of pollen grains deposited on the stigmas in the presence and absence of insect pollinators using three accessions with very different floral morphology. Because an accession with a higher stigma position than anthers might avoid self-pollination and an accession with a large stigma size received more pollen grains, floral morphology may affect pollination efficiency. Because the effect of pollination efficiency on seed production is well known, our results suggest that radish floral morphology affects seed production through its effect on pollination efficiency. 相似文献