安徽霍山毛竹林生产力及其土壤养分的特点

为了研究安徽霍山地区不同立地条件下毛竹林地土壤肥力与生产力的相关性,对该地区毛竹盛产地大化坪镇和佛子岭镇的天然毛竹林进行了调查.结果表明:霍山地区毛竹的平均胸径为10.74 cm,平均树高为14.46 m,立竹度为0.26,平均胸高断面积为20.36 m~2·hm~-2,林分平均密度为2 496.87株·hm~-2;各...     

竹林生态环境效益评估探讨

中国是世界上竹类资源最多,利用最早的国家。根据第6次全国森林资源清查,中国现有竹林面积500万hm^2。竹林不但给人类提供巨大的经济效益,也产生十分显著的生态环境效益。由于竹林本身具有的一些特点,其生态环境效益的评价与一般森林有一定差别。本文就竹林固碳效益、涵养水源效益、减少水土流失效益以及游憩等生态环境效益的特点进行分析,并提出相应的评价方法。     

不同施肥处理对笋用红竹林土壤特性的影响

2001-2004年以笋用红竹林小区精确施肥试验为基础,结合试验区内部分长期定位观测,比较研究了不同施肥处理对笋用红竹林生态系统土壤特性的影响.试验采用有机肥、纯化肥(N、NP、NPK)、有机 化肥、不施肥(CK)6个处理.结果表明:在连续3 a持续经营条件下,笋用竹林未施肥区(CK)土壤相应的有效养分消耗最快,有机质下降8.0%,全N下降5.2%,速效P下降15.0%,单施有机肥或NP、NPK化肥配施或有机无机肥料混合施用均可增加土壤有机质含量,提高次序为有机肥 化肥处理 (24.08%) >有机肥处理 (8.49%)>化肥NPK处理 (2.28%)>化肥NP处理 (1.90%),单施N肥后土壤有机质则有所下降(-4.06%),但下降幅度不如未施肥区(-7.98%).与CK区和单施化肥区比较,有机 化肥配合施用,不但提高了土壤有效养分含量,同时增加了土壤微生物生物量,促进了土壤物质的循环,提高了竹林土壤的潜在供肥能力,有利于竹林的持续生产力的发挥.     

不同管护类型毛竹林土壤渗透性能的研究

以福建省永安市不同管护类型的毛竹林为研究对象,对毛竹林Ⅰ(挖笋+劈草)、Ⅱ(挖笋+劈草+专用肥)和Ⅲ(挖笋+劈草+专用肥+灌水)土壤的持水能力和渗透性能进行了研究.结果表明:管护类型对毛竹林土壤的持水能力有显著影响,林分Ⅱ60 cm土层最大持水能力为3 498.33 t·hm-2、林分Ⅲ为3 333.33 t·hm-2,林分Ⅰ为3 254.00 t·hm-2;林分Ⅰ 60 cm土层毛管持水能力为2 806.67 t·hm-2,林分Ⅲ为2 728.0 t·hm-2,林分Ⅱ为2 638.330 t·hm-2;与土壤渗透性密切相关的土层非毛管持水能力的排列顺序为Ⅱ＞Ⅲ＞Ⅰ,分别为860.00、605.33、447.33 t·hm-2.土壤入渗能力均随着土壤深度的增加而降低,三种林分土壤渗透性能的排列顺序为Ⅱ＞Ⅲ＞Ⅰ,毛竹林Ⅱ土壤的初渗率、稳渗率、平均渗透率和渗透总量平均值最大,分别为10.733 9、7.677 8、8.9394 mm·min-1和354.227 8 mL·cm-2;毛竹林Ⅰ土壤的初渗率、稳渗率、平均渗透率和渗透总量平均值最小,分别为1.861 6、1.211 8、1.453 5 mm·min-1和33.575 8 mL·cm-2.不同管护类型对毛竹林不同层次土壤入渗性能的影响程度不同,对表层土壤的影响最为显著.Kostiakov模型可以很好地模拟不同管护类型毛竹林土壤水分入渗过程,模型决定系数R2处于0.840 9～0.976 0.     

湖南西毛里湖湖滨毛竹林水源涵养能力及其价值评估

竹林具有重要的水源涵养功能,为科学认识毛竹林的水源涵养能力、充分发挥竹林在西毛里湖的水源涵养功能,利用综合蓄水能力法研究了西毛里湖湖滨毛竹林的水源涵养能力及其服务价值。结果表明：毛竹林生态系统每年水源涵养量为3 353.97 m³/hm²,其服务价值为2 247.16元/hm²。其中,林冠层、灌草层、枯枝落叶层和土壤层的水源涵养服务价值分别为1 082.05、0.51、11.66和1 152.94元/hm²,分别约占生态系统水源涵养服务价值的48.15%、0.02%、0.52%和51.31%。林冠层水源涵养能力仅次于土壤层,在生态系统水源涵养价值评估中不宜忽视。     

竹林土壤养分变异影响因素研究进展

在竹林经营过程中,充分了解土壤养分变异的影响因素,可为维持竹林地力以及提高林分生产力提供依据。文中主要从竹林造林密度、海拔、林分模式、林分起源、经营类型、生长时期等方面阐述在不同影响因素下竹林土壤养分的变异情况,旨在让竹类经营者了解影响竹林土壤养分变异的因素,从而提高林地土壤养分利用效率,优化土壤养分变异现状,促进竹林经营的可持续发展,对提高竹林经济效益和生态效益、改善竹林立地质量具有重要的理论研究价值以及生产实践意义。     

武夷山不同毛竹林类型毛竹生长与土壤养分研究

调查分析了武夷山不同毛竹林类型的毛竹生长效果和土壤养分状况。结果表明,毛竹混交林对培肥土壤、增加有机质、控制病虫害以及维护毛竹林分长期的生产力具有效果。竹杉林、竹阔林的林分密度较毛竹纯林明显增大,分别增长48.9%、54.3%,毛竹+杉木的混交方式对促进毛竹生长效果为最好,其林分立竹量、平均胸径、新竹产量最大,而毛竹+阔叶树的林分由于乔木所占比重稍大,影响了毛竹行鞭发笋和胸径生长,但其毛竹生物量最高,比毛竹纯林增加了20%。竹阔林土壤的有机质含量高于竹杉林、毛竹纯林,全N含量也相应增大,但磷素明显缺乏。     

松花坝水源区不同林分土壤特性及其水源涵养功能

通过对松花坝水源区4种主要林分样地的土壤物理性质和贮水量进行测定,同时与裸地进行对比分析,结果表明：4种林分平均土壤的自然含水量比裸荒地高15％,土壤容重、孔隙度、有机质含量和土壤粒度都优于裸荒地;林分的水源涵养功能高于裸荒地,其中圣诞林水源涵养功能最好,华山松林次之,云南松林和滇石栎林稍差。说明培植林分对水源涵养有巨大作用,对水源区生态发展意义重大。     

竹林培育措施对土壤特性影响的研究进展

培育措施能显著提升竹林产量,同时也是影响土壤特性的重要因素。适当的竹林培育措施能够改善土壤质量、促进竹鞭生长、提高发笋率。目前,竹林培育措施主要包括整地、施肥、水分调控、抚育采伐、混交造林、林下种植等,不同的培育措施能够改变土壤特性,影响土壤质量,进而影响到竹林生产力。文章综述了传统培育措施、林分及群落结构调整、土壤改良调控等一系列竹林培育措施对林地土壤影响的最新进展,以期为改善林地土壤环境、提高竹林生产力提供借鉴。     

澜沧江中游不同林分土壤特性及水源涵养功能研究

对澜沧江中游云县段流域7种不同林分的土壤物理性质和林地枯落物水文特性进行了研究。结果表明:不同林分的土壤物理性质及其水源涵养功能差异明显。不同林分土壤上层有机质含量明显高于下层;不同林分土壤容重变动范围为0.67～1.74g/cm3;不同林分土壤总孔隙度变动在34.50%～74.62%之间;不同林分中,马缨杜鹃林具有最大蓄水量(2984.80t/hm2)和最大涵养水源量(1860.00t/hm2);不同林分枯落物的最大持水量变动范围为9.06t/hm2～30.58t/hm2,相当于0.91～3.06mm水深;而枯落物最大持水率变动范围为89.50%～218.17%。     

Factors affecting the infiltration capacity in bamboo groves

To determine the effects of the characteristics of litter and surface soil on the infiltration capacity in bamboo groves, infiltration rates were measured on a plot-scale using an oscillating-nozzle rainfall simulator at seven Moso bamboo (Phyllostachys pubescens) sites and one Madake (P. bambusoides) site in Japan. The maximum final infiltration rate (FIR_max), which was defined in this study as the infiltration capacity, was calculated, and the correlation between FIR_max and earth surface properties was analyzed. The FIR_max ranged from 9 to 308?mm?h^?1, showing little correlation with litter as surface cover, and a weak correlation with bulk density (0.3–0.9?g?cm^?3) and organic matter content (10.4–45.9%). These results suggest that the bulk density and organic matter content of surface soil, rather than surface cover, can be the controlling factors of infiltration capacity in bamboo groves. The bulk density of surface soil correlated significantly with the soil organic matter content, represented by bamboo rhizomes, suggesting that the infiltration capacity can increase with the amount of root networks present, related to macropore formation. The stand density showed a weak positive correlation, although not significant, with the soil organic matter content and a positive correlation with FIR_max. Thus, the infiltration capacity of bamboo groves can increase as the stand density of culms and bamboo rhizomes increase.     

丛生竹扦插育苗影响因素研究进展

简述了近些年关于丛生竹扦插育苗内外影响因素的研究成果。重点针对竹种遗传性状差异和枝条类型、年龄、直径、枝序等扦插取材因素对扦插成活率的影响,合适的扦插时间、基质配比、激素处理等外部因素对扦插材料成活率的影响,以及内源激素、营养物质、酶活性等内部因素与生根的关系等内容进行了论述。     

Impacts of fractal features of soil on moisture infiltration capacity of typical stands in Jinyun mountain of Chongqing city

The soil structure was expressed with fractal dimensions of particle size distribution (PSD), aggregate size distribution (ASD), and soil pore size distribution (SPD). The effect of soil fractal features on soil infiltration velocity and process was studied. The result of the fractal feature shows that fractal dimensions of PSD are obviously greater than those of ASD and SPD, and in different soil genetic horizons, the fractal dimension of ASD has the greatest variability, and shows a downtrend on the top-to-bottom genetic horizon. According to the soil infiltration process curve, the infiltration process was divided into three phases: (1) the initial phase (0–5 min), (2) the transition phase (5–30 min), and (3) the stable phase (30–180 min). In the initial phase of infiltration, the soil structure of soil genetic horizon A was the major influencing factor; in the transition phase of infiltration, the pore distribution of soil horizon AB and soil structure of horizon B were the major influencing factors; in the stable phase of infiltration, the soil structure of horizon C was the major influencing factor to the infiltration velocity. Soil infiltration process is influenced comprehensively by soil PSD, ASD, and SPD. In the overall soil water infiltration, the infiltration in shrub forest land was much faster than that in other land uses, and in the initial infiltration phase, arable land soil infiltration was much faster than that in forest land, and in the stable infiltration phase, the infiltration velocity in forest land was faster than that in arable land. __________ Translated from Journal of Beijing Forestry University, 2006, 28(3): 73–78 [译自: 北京林业大学学报]     

毛竹笋材两用林配方施肥效应研究

对毛竹笋材两用林的配方施肥试验结果表明，施肥区的笋材产量与不施肥区相比有明显增加。施用4种肥料3a累计平均净增产鲜竹材6603.3kg/hm^2、鲜竹笋544kg/hm^2。每公斤肥料（按有效成分N，P，K计算）年均净增产竹材7.7kg、鲜笋0.64kg。最佳施肥配方为A2B1C2D3，即每公顷施菜子饼1125kg,N肥150kg,P肥56.3kg,K肥75kg。其影响次序为A＞C＞D＞B。使用这个配方竹林生产力量高，其中年均产竹材21.96t/hm^2、竹笋1.65t/hm^2，收入1.074万元/hm^2。     

Effects of bamboo stands on seed rain and seed limitation in a rainforest

Bamboos often negatively affect tree recruitment, survival, and growth, leading to arrested tree regeneration in forested habitats. Studies so far have focused on the effects of bamboos on the performance of seedlings and saplings, but the influence of bamboos on forest dynamics may start very early in the forest regeneration process by altering seed rain patterns. We tested the prediction that the density and composition of the seed rain are altered and seed limitation is higher in stands of Guadua tagoara (B or bamboo stands), a large-sized woody bamboo native from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest, compared to forest patches without bamboos (NB or non-bamboo stands). Forty 1 m² seed traps were set in B and NB stands, and the seed rain was monitored monthly for 1 year. The seed rain was not greatly altered by the presence of bamboos: rarefied seed species richness was higher for B stands, patterns of dominance and density of seeds were similar between stands, and differences in overall composition were slight. Seed limitation, however, was greater at B stands, likely as a resulted of reduced tree density. Despite such reduced density, the presence of trees growing amidst and over the bamboos seems to play a key role in keeping the seeds falling in B stands because they serve as food sources for frugivores or simply as perches for them. The loss of such trees may lead to enhanced seed limitation, contributing ultimately to the self-perpetuating bamboo disturbance cycle.     

Changes of carbon stocks in bamboo stands in China during 100 years

Bamboo stands are one of the most important forest types in China, covering an area of about 4.99 million hectares, and estimation of their carbon stocks is vital for China's national carbon accounting. Bamboo biomass and carbon fraction, as well as soil bulk density and soil organic matter content, data were collated from 40 publications describing conditions at 35 sites in 10 Chinese provinces where most bamboo stands are distributed. Carbon stocks and its changes in the living biomass and soil organic matter in bamboo stands in China in the past five decades were estimated based on these collated data together with the area of bamboo stands and number of bamboo culms derived from the National Forestry Inventory (NFI). Our estimates indicate that the carbon stocks in bamboo stands in China have been increasing since the 1950s with estimated values of 318.55 Tg  C (1950–1962), 427.37 Tg C (1977–1981), 463.80 Tg C (1984–1988), 493.00 Tg C (1989–1993), 548.79 Tg C (1994–1998) and 631.58 Tg C (1999–2003) accompanying the increase of bamboo stand area. Based on correlation between forest area and bamboo area, as well as the trends of forest area predicted in government strategy documents for forest development over the next five decades, the carbon stocks in bamboo stands for 2010, 2020, 2030, 2040 and 2050 are estimated to be 727.08 Tg C, 839.16 Tg C, 914.43 Tg C, 966.803 Tg C and 1017.64 Tg C, respectively.     

固氮植物对竹林土壤条件的改善作用

通过在不同立竹密度毛竹纯林中引入耐荫、固氮能力强植物－－圆菱叶山蚂蝗（Desmodium podocar-phum），研究豆科植物的生物量、养分含量及土壤养分变化规律和对竹森经济产量的影响。结果表明在毛竹林内，该植物生长良好，养分积累快，与草本植物相比，引入3年后其含氮量高出69.23%，竹林笋产量比对照提高45.8%。明显提高了竹林的自肥能力和立地生产力的长期稳定，对当前竹业生产具有一定的指导意义和应用价值。     

安徽竹类资源现状及开发利用研究

通过对安徽省皖南山区和大别山区竹类资源调查，分析了安徽省竹类资源现状，就竹类资源开发利用方面，提出了提高安徽省竹林效益的几点建议。     

不同经营类型毛竹林立竹结构稳定性分析

运用方差齐性检验方法，分析了不同经营类型毛竹林分的结构的稳定性。结果表明，笋竹两用林、高效林、低产林、材用丰产林的立竹结构稳定，可持续经营；而高产林与特高产林立竹结构不稳定，应加强管理。