啤酒大麦品种的蛋白质含量和环境变异研究

大麦是兼食用、饲用、酿造于一体的作物，蛋白质含量是各种用途大麦的重要品质性状。本研究在我国南方冬大麦区设置8个试点，测定分析了10个大麦品种在各试点种植两年的蛋白质含量。结果表明，蛋白质含量在品种间、地区间以及年度间均存在着显著差异，两年平均，浙农大6号和盐引一号分别为蛋白质含量最高和最低的品种，泰安和杭州是蛋白质含量最高和最低的试点。年度间和品种与地区及品种与年份之间的互作均达极显著水平。     

啤酒大麦品种的千粒重和环境变异研究

千粒重是啤酒大麦重要的产量与品质性状。本研究通过来自全国各地的 10个品种在我国不同地区 8个试验点种植的结果分析 ,表明千粒重在品种间、地区间以及年度间均存在显著差异。两年平均 ,浙农大 6号和单二大麦分别为千粒重最高和最低的品种 ;8个试点中以荆州点的平均粒重最高 ,泰安点最低。     

啤酒大麦品种的千粒重和环境变异研究

千粒重是啤酒大麦重要的产量与品质性状。本研究通过来自全国各地的10个品种在我国不同地区8个试验点种植的结果分析，表明千粒重在品种问、地区间以及年度间均存在显著差异。两年平均，浙农大6号和单二大麦分别为千粒重最高和最低的品种；8个试点中以荆州点的平均粒重最高，泰安点最低。     

大麦高赖氨酸的遗传与选择研究——Ⅰ.大麦品种蛋白质组分及赖氨？…

在１９９７－１９９９年的３年中,共测定了２７个大麦品种（次）的蛋白质和赖氨酸含量,并测定了其中７个品种的蛋白质组分及赖氨酸含量。结果表明,大麦品种的蛋白质与氨酸含量在年份间有一定的变化,但各年中品种间的高低顺序大体是一致的。大麦盐溶蛋白、醇溶蛋白和谷蛋白分别占蛋白质总量的３０．９６％、３６．７６％、３２．２８％。各组分中的赖氨酸,以盐溶蛋白中最高,谷蛋白中次之,醇溶蛋白中最低。因此,赖氨酸的改良应     

不同生态环境下马铃薯还原糖含量分析

对马铃薯参试品种在西北地区不同生态条件下的还原糖含量变化进行方差分析和稳定性分析,结果表明,试点间、品种间以及试点和品种的互作间都存在着极显著差异,6个品种平均还原糖含量为0.625%,鄂95P3-3最低,为0.458%,陇薯3号最高,为0.832%;7个地点平均还原糖含量为0.625%,宁夏固原最低,为0.433%,青海海南最高,为0.913%。鄂95P3-3和青97-1-38这两个品种的回归系数均<1,是稳定性较好的品种。     

大麦高赖氨酸的遗传与选择研究Ⅰ.大麦品种蛋白质组分及赖氨酸含量的分析

在 1 997～ 1 999年的 3年中 ,共测定了 2 7个大麦品种 (次 )的蛋白质和赖氨酸含量 ,并测定了其中7个品种的蛋白质组分及赖氨酸含量。结果表明 ,大麦品种的蛋白质与赖氨酸含量在年份间有一定的变化 ,但各年中品种间的高低顺序大体是一致的。大麦盐溶蛋白、醇溶蛋白和谷蛋白分别占蛋白质总量的 3 0 .96%、3 6.76%、3 2 .2 8%。各组分中的赖氨酸 ,以盐溶蛋白中最高 ,谷蛋白中次之 ,醇溶蛋白中最低。因此 ,赖氨酸的改良应尽可能提高其盐溶蛋白的含量     

世界大豆化学品质生态地理分布Ⅱ

研究了大豆品种Ｗｉｌｌｉａｍｓ的蛋白质和脂肪含量在世界各地的表现。结果表明，在不同生态地理区域间，大豆蛋白质和脂肪含量有很大的差异。纬度０°－２０°５９’区域内蛋白质和脂肪含量最高，但在此区域内，海拔５００—１０００米的中等海拔地区蛋白质含量最高，０－５００米的低海拔地区脂肪含量最高。不同年度间蛋白质、脂肪含量亦不相同。但是低、中纬度的热带和亚热带地区年际间含量变化小于中高纬度的温带和冷凉地区的年际变化。北回归线以北、南回归线以南的地区蛋白质和脂肪含量与地理纬度、海拔高度、土壤酸碱度的相关显著性高于回归线以内的赤道雨林、热带草原区。就世界范围来看，大豆的蛋白质含量与脂肪含量负相关高度显著。蛋白质与产量负相关亦高度显著，但年度之间相关程度不同；脂肪含量与产量正相关接近显著，但受环境影响很大，有的年份、有的地区相关不显著。     

云南22个大麦新品种(系)的营养品质分析

为了解新育成大麦品种(系)籽粒的营养品质状况,采用近红外光谱分析技术,对云南省22份大麦新品种(系)籽粒的水分、蛋白质、淀粉、粗纤维含量等品质性状进行测定与分析。结果表明,参试大麦新品种(系)籽粒各品质性状的平均值为:水分含量9.58%,蛋白质含量13.67%,淀粉含量49.26%,粗纤维含量5.28%。参试品种(系)籽粒的蛋白质、粗纤维含量整体较高,水分含量较低;淀粉平均含量与对照S500差异不显著,低于对照的品种(系)有15个。4个品种(系)14BL1-86、云大麦12号、滇青1号及川12259达到饲用大麦一级标准。所有参试品种(系)粗纤维含量过高是作饲用大麦的主要影响因素,只有云大麦12号、川12259、滇青1号3个品种达到饲料大麦的标准;蛋白质含量过高是作啤酒大麦应用的主要问题,22个参试品种均达不到一级啤酒大麦的质量标准。     

氮肥用量及运筹对不同啤酒大麦产量和啤用品质的影响

试验以单二大麦、苏啤3号两个大麦品种为材料,研究氮肥用量及运筹对啤酒大麦产量、千粒重和籽粒蛋白质含量的影响。结果表明:(1)随着氮肥施入量的增多,大麦籽粒蛋白质含量不断增加,同一施氮水平下,氮肥后移会导致籽粒蛋白质含量提高。(2)在250 kg/hm2氮水平下,基追比为7:3时,两个品种产量均达到最高,分别为6 833.68 kg/hm2和7 055.91 kg/hm2。(3)施氮量的多少对大麦千粒重有显著影响,同一施氮水平下不同品种籽粒千粒重的差异主要是由品种本身的遗传差异决定的,受氮运筹的影响较小。(4)综合各方面表现,苏啤3号要远远好于单二大麦,大面积生产上应逐步以苏啤3号来替代单二大麦,以提高大麦的产量和品质,从而达到高产高效的目的。     

不同结荚习性大豆节位间产量和品质的相关性研究

为了研究不同结荚习性大豆节位间产量和品质的变化规律,以无限结荚习性品种元宝金和金元1号,亚有限结荚习性品种吉农7号和吉林45为材料,研究了不同节位的产量、蛋白质含量和脂肪含量。结果表明:各大豆品种不同节位间的产量、蛋白质含量、脂肪含量均存在差异。元宝金和金元1号的产量中部最高,蛋白质含量上部最高,脂肪含量下部最高;吉农7号和吉林45的产量、蛋白质含量均为上部最高,脂肪含量中部最高。金元1号上部籽粒产量与蛋白质含量呈显著正相关,产量与脂肪含量呈极显著正相关;吉农7号下部籽粒产量与蛋白质及脂肪含量均呈极显著正相关;吉林45下部籽粒产量与蛋白质及脂肪含量均呈显著正相关。本研究结果为大豆不同节位籽粒合理化利用以及产量与品质关系的改良提供理论依据。     

Cultivar and Environmental Effects on (1→3,1→4)-β-D-Glucan and Protein Content in Malting Barley

A low β-glucan and protein content is desirable for malting barley. In China high β-glucan content has been considered a major factor contributing to the inferior malting quality of local barleys. In this study 10 barley cultivars were planted in multi-location trials in the southern winter-barley zone to determine genotypic and environmental effects on β-glucan and protein content. There were highly significant differences in both β-glucan and protein content between the 10 barleys, the eight locations and the 2 planting years. The average β-glucan content over the 2 years for the 10 cultivars in the eight locations ranged from 3·91% for Gangpi 1 to 4·95% for Xiumei 3, and from 3·76% for Hangzhou to 4·75% for Taian in eight locations. Correspondingly, the protein contents of the 10 cultivars ranged from 11·37% for Yanyin 1 to 12·52% for ZAU, and of the eight locations from 9·5% for Hangzhou to 14·69% for Taian. Environmental factors contributed the largest component of the variation in both β-glucan and protein content. Five climatic factors, namely the total accumulated temperature, accumulated temperature to 25 °C and to 30 °C, precipitation and days with rain during seed development were included in a regression equation relating climatic factors and β-glucan content. In the regression equation relating climatic factors and protein content, two other factors, days from heading to maturity and accumulated temperature to 20 °C were included, in addition to the five climatic factors that significantly affected β-glucan content.     

二棱啤酒大麦籽粒大小的差异性及相关性分析

为给二棱啤酒大麦品种籽粒性状的改良和优质啤酒大麦原料适宜生产区的选择提供参考依据,研究了10个二棱大麦品种(系)粒长、粒宽、粒厚及千粒重4个籽粒性状在品种(系)及试点间的差异和各性状间的相关性.结果表明:(1)大麦粒长、粒厚及千粒重在品种(系)及地点间的差异均达显著或极显著水平;粒宽在品种(系)及地点间的差异均不显著;粒厚在地点间的差异(F=25.02**)显著大于品种(系)间的差异(F=3.69**),千粒重在地点间的差异(F=340.74**)亦显著大于品种(系)间的差异(F=26.30**);品种(系)与地点互作对大麦千粒重的影响极显著;千粒重在品种(系)间的显著差异大于其余3个性状.(2)扬州和南通的粒长显著大于连云港点;连云港和南通的粒厚显著大于扬州点;千粒重在3试点间的差异均达到显著水平,以南通最高,连云港次之,扬州最低.(3)除籽粒厚度与千粒重呈极显著正相关(r=0.8011**)外,其余各籽粒大小性状间均呈不显著的正相关或负相关.     

Effects of Cultivar and Environment on β-(1,3)-(1,4)-D-glucan Content and Acid Extract Viscosity of Spanish Barleys

The acid extract viscosities and β-glucan contents of ten two- and six-rowed barley cultivars grown at seven locations in three consecutive years in Spain were studied in the present work. The viscosities varied from 2·4 to 24·8 centistokes (cSt) and the mean value was 6·4 cSt. The average β-glucan content of barleys determined by HPLC was 3·5% with a range of 1·9–5·5%. Significant differences were found in both β-glucan content and acid extract viscosity between different cultivars, locations and years. The β-glucan contents and viscosities of winter cultivars were higher than those of spring. Cvs. Barbarrosa and Hatif de Grignon were the genotypes with the highest values for both parameters, while cv. Beka had the lowest viscosity and β-glucan content. Environmental factors influenced both parameters. The acid extract viscosities of barleys were correlated negatively with the amount of precipitation (r=−0·754;P<0·05). Barleys grown in wet and rainy areas (Girona and La Coruña) had lower viscosity values.     

东北春大豆推广品种蛋白质脂肪含量变化分析

对东北三省自 50年代至 90年代 3 2 0份大豆推广品种的蛋白质脂肪含量变化进行了分析。结果看出 ,三省大豆推广品种的平均蛋白质含量以辽宁省品种最高为 42 .45% ,吉林省品种蛋白质含量最低为 3 9.87%。平均脂肪含量吉林省最高为 2 0 .49% ,辽宁省最低为 1 9.48% ,黑龙江省品种平均蛋白质脂肪含量均居中 ,分别为 40 .57%和 2 0 .2 0 %。五十年来 ,三省大豆推广品种蛋白质含量均有不同程度的提高 ,提高的幅度吉林 >辽宁 >黑龙江。平均脂肪含量吉林辽宁两省品种 50年代至 90年代均呈下降趋势 ,黑龙江品种平均脂肪含量略有提高。吉林辽宁两省不同熟期品种蛋白质含量均从早熟组至晚熟组呈逐渐上升趋势 ,脂肪含量则从早熟组到晚熟组依次降低 ,黑龙江品种蛋白质含量从早熟组到晚熟组逐渐降低 ,脂肪含量从早熟组到晚熟组呈上升趋势     

Effects of Cultivar and Environment on β-(1,3)-(1,4)- -glucan Content and Acid Extract Viscosity of Spanish Barleys

The acid extract viscosities and β-glucan contents of ten two- and six-rowed barley cultivars grown at seven locations in three consecutive years in Spain were studied in the present work. The viscosities varied from 2·4 to 24·8 centistokes (cSt) and the mean value was 6·4 cSt. The average β-glucan content of barleys determined by HPLC was 3·5% with a range of 1·9–5·5%. Significant differences were found in both β-glucan content and acid extract viscosity between different cultivars, locations and years. The β-glucan contents and viscosities of winter cultivars were higher than those of spring. Cvs. Barbarrosa and Hatif de Grignon were the genotypes with the highest values for both parameters, while cv. Beka had the lowest viscosity and β-glucan content. Environmental factors influenced both parameters. The acid extract viscosities of barleys were correlated negatively with the amount of precipitation (r=−0·754;P<0·05). Barleys grown in wet and rainy areas (Girona and La Coruña) had lower viscosity values.     

Effect of field history on the cereal leafminer Syringopais temperatella Led. (Lepidoptera: Scythrididae) and its preference to different wheat and barley cultivars

Due to the importance of wheat and barley production in Jordan, prevention of the cereal leafminer, Syringopais temperatella Led. (Lepidoptera: Scythrididae) is of vital importance. The insect is a severe pest and plays an important role in limiting the production of these crops. The use of insecticides is neither economic nor sustainable, so that there is an urgent need to initiate a viable alternative to chemical control. Therefore, this study aimed at investigating the effect of crop rotation on S. temperatella and its preference to different wheat and barley cultivars. The field history experiment was conducted using five different crop rotations. For the preference experiments in the laboratory, two major experimental groups were conducted. The first was set up to measure the consumed leaf area and the second one to record the number of larval attaches. Each group consisted of four different subgroups; 6 wheat cultivars, 6 barley cultivars, two and one cultivar of each crop. The results indicated that the infestation percentage and number of larvae were significantly the lowest in the crop rotation, wheat/chickpea/wheat while the highest were recorded for barley/barley/barley. The preference results showed that wheat cultivar, Horani Nawawi is significantly the most preferred while Horani 27 is the least cultivar. In case of barley, Mutah was the most preferred cultivar and the least preference was recorded for Athroh. Also, wheat was significantly less preferred than barley. The wheat cultivars, Sham, Em-Qees and Acsad 65 had the highest number of attaches and Deer Alla the least. In contrast, the barley cultivar, Acsad 176 had the highest and Athroh and Rum 1 had the least attaches. Barley cultivars had higher attaches than wheat ones. There was a positive relation between the infestation percent and number of larvae, as well as the consumed area and number of attaches in all of the four subgroups. In conclusion, the crop rotation, wheat/chickpea/wheat should be followed and there is a preference variation among the tested wheat and barley cultivars.     

Variation of Beta -Amylase Activity in Barley as Affected by Cultivar and Environment and its Relation to Protein Content and Grain Weight

The cultivar and environmental variation of beta -amylase activity was studied using two barley cultivars with contrasting growth properties. There was a significant difference in beta -amylase activity between the two cultivars used, 92-11 being significantly higher than Xiumai 3. A significant variation in beta -amylase activity was detected between grains at different positions within a spike. The two cultivars showed the same pattern, with top grains showing the highest and bottom ones the lowest activities. The relative difference within a spike varied between the cultivars, with 92-11 being larger than Xiumai 3. Both seeding rate and timing of N application dramatically affected the beta -amylase activity. With N application at the booting stage, beta -amylase activity increased, mainly due to the significantly increased beta-amylase activity in the topmost grains. The bottom grains showed a lower response to timing of N application. The variation in protein content and grain weight between cultivars and among the various treatments was also examined. The possible influence of these factors on beta -amylase activity are discussed.     

大麦籽粒中γ 氨基丁酸、总黄酮和生物碱含量在发芽过程中的变化

为了解大麦发芽过程中功能成分的变化,用分光光度计测定了28份大麦籽粒发芽前(无菌水浸泡24h,记作发芽0d)及发芽1～9d的γ-氨基丁酸(GABA)、总黄酮和生物碱的含量差异,结果表明:(1)大麦籽粒中的GABA和生物碱含量均为发芽0d高于发芽1～2d,而明显低于发芽3～9d的相应含量;发芽前后GABA累积最大均值是最小均值的2.1倍,生物碱累积最大均值是最小均值的11.6倍。(2)大麦籽粒发芽前总黄酮含量最高,发芽后相对较低;而发芽4～8d期间的GABA和生物碱含量相对较高。(3)不同大麦品系间籽粒GABA和生物碱含量在发芽4～6d差异明显,且达到峰值的频率较高;籽粒总黄酮含量在发芽8～9d差异明显,发芽前总黄酮含量达到峰值的频率最高。     

椰子果皮中营养元素的测定及其种间差异分析

采用原子吸收光谱法对不同品种椰子果皮中8种营养元素进行测定,并分析不同品种间果皮中营养元素含量的差异。对果皮中大量元素的测定结果表明,所选4个品种椰子果皮中K含量最高,Ca含量最低;果皮中Ca含量品种间差异不显著,而K、Na、Mg含量品种间有明显的差异,且有的品种间差异达显著水平。对果皮中微量元素的测定结果表明,4种椰子果皮中Fe含量最高,Mn含量最低;果皮中Mn、Cu、Zn含量品种间有明显的差异,且有的品种间差异达显著水平,而Fe含量品种间差异不显著。本地高种椰子果皮中Mn、Cu、Zn含量均显著低于其他3种椰子。