共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 539 毫秒
1.
Arora RJ Bhatia S Mishra BP Jain A Prakash B 《Tropical animal health and production》2011,43(2):401-408
Information is presented on the genetic diversity and relationship among six Indian sheep breeds/populations belonging to
the Southern peninsular and Eastern agroecological zones, based on microsatellite markers. Parameters of genetic variation,
viz., allele diversity, observed heterozygosity, gene diversity and population inbreeding estimates, were calculated for the
six breeds. The allele diversity ranged from 6.40 to 7.92, whereas the gene diversity varied from 0.617 to 0.727. The highest
allele and gene diversity was observed for Nellore sheep, while the lowest was exhibited by Garole breed. Within population
inbreeding estimate (F
IS) revealed a significant deficit of heterozygotes in Deccani, Madgyal, Nellore and Garole, whereas Ganjam and Chhotanagpuri
sheep showed an excess of heterozygotes. The contribution of each breed to the total diversity of the breeds was quantified
by the Weitzman approach. The marginal loss of diversity incurred with removal of Nellore and Garole breeds was higher (>27%),
whereas removal of Deccani breed resulted in lowest loss of diversity (3.84%) from the set. Estimation of the genetic differentiation
(F
ST) and genetic distance (D
A) between the pairs of breeds revealed a close relationship between Deccani and Madgyal sheep (F
ST = 0.017; D
A = 0.080) and greatest demarcation between Madgyal and Garole breeds (F
ST = 0.110; D
A = 0.622). The information generated would help in shaping genetic management and conservation programs for the sheep breeds
under consideration. 相似文献
2.
Chu MX Wu ZH Feng T Cao GL Fang L Di R Huang DW Li XW Li N 《Veterinary research communications》2011,35(6):329-336
Growth differentiation factor 9 (GDF9) was studied as a candidate gene for high prolificacy in goats. The polymorphism of exon 1 and flanking of GDF9 gene was detected by PCR-SSCP in five goat breeds with different prolificacy. Three genotypes (AA, AB and BB) were detected in goat breeds joined and two silent mutations (c.183A>C and c.336C>T) were identified in comparison genotype
AA with genotype BB. Heterozygous genotype AB and wild type BB were detected in all five goat breeds and homozygous genotype AA was only detected in Jining Grey goats. The frequencies of genotypes AA, AB and BB were 0.18, 0.42 and 0.40 in Jining Grey goats, respectively. The genotype distribution was different (P < 0.01) between high prolificacy breed (Jining Grey goat) and low prolificacy breeds (Boer, Wendeng Dairy, Liaoning Cashmere
and Beijing native goats). The Jining Grey goat does with genotype AA and AB had 0.72 (P < 0.01) and 0.56 (P < 0.01) kids more than those with genotype BB, respectively. The does with genotype AA had 0.16 (P > 0.05) kids more than those with genotype AB. These indicated that the allele A may have certain correlation with prolificacy in Jining Grey goats. 相似文献
3.
Barbour EK Itani HH Sleiman FT Saade MF Harakeh S Nour AM Shaib HA 《Tropical animal health and production》2012,44(1):87-93
Three objectives were included in this research work. The first objective compared different immune components in healthy
mature males, mature females, and female kids of local and imported Saanen goats, reared under a sub-tropical environment.
The significantly differing immune components were the blood monocyte percent, blood CD8 count, and the total white blood
cell count. The second objective compared the performance of Saanen versus local does. The means of the milk yield and prolificacy
of the imported Saanen does were significantly higher than those of the local does (p < 0.05). The third objective compared the immune responses (hemagglutination-HA titers) and complement fixation (CF) titers
in mature does of the two breeds to chicken red blood cells (c-RBC). The HA titers showed a significant seroconversion only
in imported Saanen (p < 0.05) but not in local does; however, the CF titers increased significantly at 4 weeks following priming with c-RBC in
local (p < 0.05) but not in the imported Saanen does. The impact of the differences in blood immune components and responses to antigens
in the compared goats on protection potential against prevalent diseases in the sub-tropical zone of the eastern Mediterranean
countries is discussed. 相似文献
4.
Haematological and serum biochemical parameters of West African Dwarf goats fed dried cassava leaves-based concentrate diets 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Oni AO Arigbede OM Sowande OS Anele UY Oni OO Onwuka CF Onifade OS Yusuf KO Dele PA Aderinboye RY 《Tropical animal health and production》2012,44(3):483-490
The study was conducted to investigate the effects of feeding different levels of dried cassava leaves at 0%, 20%, 40% and
60%, respectively, using guinea grass as basal feed, on the haematological and serum biochemical parameters of West African
Dwarf (WAD) goats. The study lasted for 116 days during which haematological and serum biochemical parameters were monitored
in 40 male goats before and after, using a completely randomized design. At the start of the experiment, packed cell volume
(PCV) ranged from 21.5% to 25.5% while haemoglobin concentration (Hb) and RBC significantly (P < 0.01) ranged from 7.3 to 8.6 g/dl and 10.4 to 13.2 × 1012/l, respectively. White blood cells reduced significantly (P < 0.05)) from 16.4 to 11.7 × 109/l) as dried cassava leaves increased in the diets. At the end of the trial, there was a slight increase in the values of
PCV and Hb in the diets (P > 0.05). Lymphocyte reduced significantly (P < 0.05) from 50.0% to 63.5% in the diets. Neutrophils, however, increased (P > 0.05) at the 0% to 40% levels and reduced at the 60% level of dried cassava leaves inclusion. At the start of the experiment,
values for glucose significantly (P < 0.05) ranged from 40.1 to 56.0 mg/dl. Total protein and albumin values ranged significantly (P < 0.05) from 56.0 to 68.5 g/dl and 30.6 to 38.4 g/dl, respectively. At the end of the experiment, serum creatinine increased
significantly (P < 0.05) as the level of dried cassava leaves increased from 0% to 60% in the diets. The study revealed that inclusion of
dried cassava leaves in the diets of West African Dwarf goats had no deleterious effects on the haematological and serum biochemical
parameters of WAD goats and could therefore be included in ruminant diets up to 60%. 相似文献
5.
China is abundant of sheep genetic resources. A total of 55 sequences containing the Ovis aries mtDNA D-loop of three large-fat-tailed sheep breeds, named Lanzhou, Tong, and Han were retrieved from GenBank to investigate their
genetic diversity, origin, and phylogenetic evolution. The results showed that the sheep breeds in our study proved to be
extremely diverse, the average haplotype diversity and nucleotide diversity were 0.987 ± 0.006 and 0.03956 ± 0.00206, respectively.
The 55 sequences gave 39 different haplotypes. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that there were three distinct mtDNA haplogroups:
A, B, and C, in which haplogroup A was predominant and had experienced population expansion events. Clustering analysis showed
that the large-fat-tailed sheep breeds clustered into one group and were closely related to the Mongolian sheep and then European
mouflon sheep (Ovis musimon). The results contribute to the knowledge of Chinese sheep breeds and the plan of conservation programs on large-fat-tailed
sheep. 相似文献
6.
Abdulmojeed Yakubu Adebowale E. Salako Marcos De Donato Sunday O. Peters Michael I. Takeet Mathew Wheto Moses Okpeku Ikhide G. Imumorin 《Tropical animal health and production》2017,49(2):323-336
Host defense in vertebrates depend on many secreted regulatory proteins such as major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II which provide important regulatory and effector functions of T cells. Gene polymorphism in the second exon of Capra-DRB gene in three major Nigerian goat breeds [West African Dwarf (WAD), Red Sokoto (RS), and Sahel (SH)] was analyzed by restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLP). Four restriction enzymes, BsaHI, AluI, HaeIII, and SacII, were utilized. The association between the polymorphic sites and some heat tolerance traits were also investigated in a total of 70 WAD, 90 RS, and 50 SH goats. Fourteen different types of alleles identified in the Nigerian goats, four of which were found in the peptide coding region (A57G, Q89R, G104D, and T112I), indicate a high degree of polymorphism at the DRB locus in this species. An obvious excess (P?<?0.01) of non-synonymous substitutions than synonymous (dN/dS) in this locus is a reflection of adaptive evolution and positive selection. The phylogenetic trees revealed largely species-wise clustering in DRB gene. BsaHI, AluI, HaeIII, and SacII genotype frequencies were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (P?>?0.05), except AluI in RS goats and HaeIII in WAD goats (P?<?0.05). The expected heterozygosity (H), which is a measure of gene diversity in the goat populations, ranged from 0.16 to 0.50. Genotypes AA (BsaHI), GG, GC and CC (AluI) and GG, GA, AA (HaeIII) appeared better in terms of heat tolerance. The heat-tolerant ability of SH and RS goats to the hot and humid tropical environment of Nigeria seemed better than that of the WAD goats. Sex effect (P?<?0.05) was mainly on pulse rate and heat stress index, while there were varying interaction effects on heat tolerance. Variation at the DRB locus may prove to be important in possible selection and breeding for genetic resistance to heat stress in the tropics. 相似文献
7.
Studies on the development of omasum in west african dwarf goats (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Capra hircus</Emphasis>) 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
This work studied the sequential morphological changes of omasum in foetuses, neonates and adult West African Dwarf (WAD)
goats by gross and light microscopic methods. The mean omasal volume was 1.37 ± 0.36, 4.2 ± 0.4, 8.7 ± 6.9 and 60.1 ± 8.6 ml
for gestation day 87 and 146 foetuses, neonates and adults respectively. Grossly the mucosa exhibited longitudinally oriented
primary, secondary, tertiary and quartnery laminae with smooth surface in foetuses and numerous papillae in the adults. Microscopically
it was lined by stratified squamous epithelium which was divided into larger lighter luminal and smaller darker basal zones
in gestation day 60 foetuses. The core of the laminae contained extension of the inner muscular tunic. The basal zone developed
lateral evaginations (corial papillae) into the lighter zone of the laminae in gestation day 106 foetuses. By term these corial
papillae approached the luminal surface. The papillae emerged above the luminal surface in 4 week old neonates. The papillae
were fully developed in adult goats. The mean papillary height and width were -205.1 ± 34.0, 67.0 ± 9.6; 235.0 ± 86.5, 185.0 ± 42.3
and 570.3 ± 60.0, 290.1 ± 66.3 μm for foetuses, neonates and adult goats. The inner circular layer was thicker than the outer
longitudinal layer of the muscular tunic. The central muscular layer of the laminae originated from the inner circular layer
with attachment to the outer muscular layer in adults. This attachment could be adaptation for better anchorage and muscular
contraction of the laminae in WAD goats. 相似文献
8.
Haunshi S Shanmugam M Padhi MK Niranjan M Rajkumar U Reddy MR Panda AK 《Tropical animal health and production》2012,44(5):969-973
The present study was conducted to evaluate two Indian native chicken breeds, namely, Aseel and Kadaknath for fertility, hatchability,
genetic parameters of juvenile growth traits, and semen quality traits at the onset of sexual maturity. The fertility was
similar in Aseel (86.96%) and Kadaknath (85.15%); however, a relatively higher hatchability was observed in Kadaknath (77.94%)
than Aseel (70.74%). Heritability estimates of body weights at 4 weeks of age were almost similar in Aseel (0.37) and Kadaknath
(0.39), while the estimate of body weight at 6 weeks of age was higher in Aseel (0.42) than Kadaknath (0.31). The heritability
estimate of shank length at 6 weeks of age was lower in Aseel (0.16) compared to Kadaknath (0.35). The age at first egg in
the flock was comparable in Aseel (148 days) and Kadaknath (150 days). Aseel breed with significantly (P ≤ 0.001) higher body weight, absolute and relative testes weights had significantly higher semen volume (P ≤ 0.05) and sperm motility (P ≤ 0.01) but had lower seminal plasma cholesterol level (P ≤ 0.05) as compared to Kadaknath. It can be concluded that there is a scope for genetic improvement of these two native breeds
for juvenile growth traits since heritability estimates of these traits were relatively high. 相似文献
9.
Ajayi OO Yakubu A Jayeola OO Imumorin IG Takeet MI Ozoje MO Ikeobi CO Peters SO 《Tropical animal health and production》2012,44(5):1089-1095
Sexual size dimorphism is a key evolutionary feature that can lead to important biological insights. To improve methods of
sexing live birds in the field, we assessed sexual size dimorphism in Nigerian local turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo) using multivariate techniques. Measurements were taken on 125 twenty-week-old birds reared under the intensive management
system. The body parameters measured were body weight, body length, breast girth, thigh length, shank length, keel length,
wing length and wing span. Univariate analysis revealed that toms (males) had significantly (P < 0.05) higher mean values than hens (females) in all the measured traits. Positive phenotypic correlations between body
weight and body measurements ranged from 0.445 to 0.821 in toms and 0.053–0.660 in hens, respectively. Three principal components
(PC1, PC2 and PC3) were extracted in toms, each accounting for 63.70%, 19.42% and 5.72% of the total variance, respectively.
However, four principal components (PC1, PC2, PC3 and PC4) were extracted in hens, which explained 54.03%, 15.29%, 11.68%
and 6.95%, respectively of the generalised variance. A stepwise discriminant function analysis of the eight morphological
traits indicated that body weight, body length, tail length and wing span were the most discriminating variables in separating
the sexes. The single discriminant function obtained was able to correctly classify 100% of the birds into their source population.
The results obtained from the present study could aid future management decisions, ecological studies and conservation of
local turkeys in a developing economy. 相似文献
10.
In a switch-over experiment, eight male animals, four each of sheep and goats of local breeds with mean body weight of 26.
8 ± 2.0 and 30.0 ± 2.1 kg, were fed Dichanthium annulatum (DA) grass and four browse species viz. Helictris isora, Securengia virosa, Leucaena leucocephala (LL) and Hardwickia binnata (HB) in four feeding trials to assess their supplementary effect on activity of rumen enzymes. The sheep and goats were offered
DA grass with individual browse in 75:25 and 50:50 proportions, respectively, for more than 3 months during each feeding trial,
and rumen liquor samples were collected twice at 0 and 4 h post feeding after 60 and 90 days of feeding. Glutamate oxaloacetate
transaminase (GOT), glutamate pyruvate transaminase (GPT) and glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) enzymes were determined in the
bacteria and protozoa fractions of rumen liquor, while cellulase enzyme activity was measured in mixed rumen liquor. LL and
HB had the highest and lowest contents of CP, while fibre contents were lower in early than later browse leaves. Supplementation
of browse leaves significantly (P < 0.05) affect the specific activity of GDH enzyme in bacteria fraction of rumen liquor of animal species, while GDH activity
was similar in protozoa fraction of rumen liquor of sheep and goats on all DA grass–browse-supplemented diets except DA–HB
(42.8 units/mg protein), where activity was significantly (P < 0.05) low. Specific activities of GOT and GPT enzymes in both bacteria and protozoa fractions of rumen liquor differ significantly
(P < 0.05) due to supplementation of browse leaves to DA grass. Browse leaves significantly (P < 0.05) affect the cellulase enzyme activity in animal rumen liquor, being highest on DA–LL (193.4) and lowest on DA–HB diet
(144.8 μg sugar/mg protein). Goat exhibited higher activities of GOT and GPT than sheep in both bacteria and protozoa fraction
of rumen liquor, while cellulase activity was similar between the animal species on the grass–browse leaves diets. Results
indicate that browse leaves supplementation affect the enzyme activities of sheep and goats rumen, while the goats rumen liquor
had higher activities of GOT, GPT and GDH enzyme than sheep. 相似文献
11.
Dhollander S Bos J Kora S Sanneh M Gaye M Leak S Berkvens D Geerts S 《Veterinary parasitology》2005,130(1-2):1-8
West African Dwarf goats (WADs) and their Saanen crosses were experimentally infected with Trypanosoma congolense. No significant differences were found between trypanosome parasitaemia and antibody response of the crossbred and WAD goats. Neither the WAD goats nor the Saanen crosses were able to control the drop in PCV following trypanosome infection. The level of anaemia caused by the trypanosome infection was similar in the two breeds during the trial. Based on these findings, no difference in tolerance or susceptibility to T. congolense could be demonstrated between the WAD goats and their Saanen crosses. Although the weight of all goats increased during the trial, the crosses gained significantly more weight than the WAD goats. The trypanosome infection reduced the growth rate of both breeds, but this reduction was not statistically significant. Crossbreeding trypanotolerant WADs with trypanosusceptible Saanen goats might, therefore, be an effective means of increasing productivity. 相似文献
12.
Peter T. Birteeb Sunday Olusola Peters Abdulmojeed Yakubu Matthew Adekunle Adeleke Michael Ohiokhuaobo Ozoje 《Tropical animal health and production》2012,45(1):267-274
The characterisation of the small ruminant populations in developing countries will play a major role in the maintenance of the genetic resources as the basis for future improvement in livestock production. The present study aimed at morphological characterisation of the two main breeds of sheep in Ghana by assessing variation within and between breed populations using principal component and discriminant analyses. The two breeds were the Sahel and the Djallonke sheep of both sexes and of two groups namely, young (1 year old, consisting of 74 animals) and mature sheep (≥2 years old, comprising 219 animals). The analysis of variance revealed significant (P?<?0.05) differences in the morphological traits of the Sahel and the Djallonke sheep breeds with higher values recorded for the former. Sexual dimorphism was in favour of male animals in all the morphological traits examined. Mature animals also had comparative advantage over the young. Two principal components were extracted to discern the structure of the two genetic groups. The most discriminating traits between the two sheep breeds were rump height, height at withers, neck girth and pin-bone width. Mahalanobis distance between the two genetic groups was 5.723 (P?<?0.0001). The developed discriminant functions clearly discriminated and classified the Sahel and the Djallonke sheep into their breeds of origin, thus yielding 100, 93.4 and 90.4 % accurate classification for the rams, ewes and the overall sheep population, respectively. The present approach would greatly help in establishing management and conservation policies for the sustainable production of the two Ghanaian sheep breeds. 相似文献
13.
Gastrointestinal nematode infections in small ruminants under the traditional husbandry system during the dry season in southern Ethiopia 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Rahmeto Abebe Mebrahtu Gebreyohannes Solomon Mekuria Fufa Abunna Alemayehu Regassa 《Tropical animal health and production》2010,42(6):1111-1117
A cross-sectional study was conducted from November 2008 to February 2009 to investigate the prevalence and intensity of infection
and risk factors of gastrointestinal (GI) nematodes in small ruminants kept under the traditional husbandry system in two
districts in southern Ethiopia. Faecal samples collected from a total of 510 small ruminants (284 sheep and 226 goats) and
analysed by a modified McMaster technique revealed that 222 animals (43.5%) were found to be infected with one or more GI
nematodes. Five identical genera of nematodes were found in both sheep and goats, which in order of predominance were Haemonchus (56.3%), Trichostrongylus (39.6%), Oesophagostomum (22.9%), Trichuris (21.6%) and Bunostomum (10.4%). No significant (p > 0.05) differences were observed between sheep and goats proportions except for Trichuris (p < 0.05). In both sheep and goats, most of the animals were heavily infected showing faecal egg counts (FECs) above 1,200 epg.
Sheep had a significantly (p < 0.05) higher mean FEC than goats. In sheep and goats, both the prevalence of GI nematodes and mean FEC were significantly
(p < 0.001) associated with body condition score and faecal consistency but not with district, sex and age (p > 0.05 for each factor). In conclusion, the observation of a strong association of GI nematodes with poor body condition
coupled with heavy intensity of infection in the majority of infected animals and an abundance of nematode genera of widespread
economic and pathological significance warrants the institution of appropriate control measures that should necessarily include
improvement of the nutritional status of the animals. 相似文献
14.
Aderinboye RY Onwuka CF Arigbede OM Oduguwa OO Aina AB 《Tropical animal health and production》2012,44(5):1079-1087
This experiment investigated the effect of dietary monensin on performance, nutrient utilisation, rumen volatile fatty acid
and blood status in West African dwarf (WAD) goats fed with basal diets of forages. Four concentrate supplements were formulated
to include 0 (MO), 15 (M15), 30 (M30) and 45 (M45) mg monensin/kg dry matter. Twenty-four WAD bucks (7.3 ± 1.20 kg initial
body weight, aged 9–12 months) were randomly allotted to four experimental diets in a completely randomised design for 90 days,
six animals per diet. Results indicated that animals fed M15, M30 and M45 diets had lower (P < 0.01) dry matter and water intake than those fed M0 diet. Crude protein and neutral detergent fibre intakes by the bucks
followed similar trend. Animals on M15, M30 and M45 had better (P < 0.001) feed and protein efficiency ratio than those fed M0 diet. Rumen pH and total volatile fatty acid concentration were
maintained (P > 0.05) while monensin decreased (P < 0.001) acetate/propionate ratio. Blood glucose increased (P < 0.001) from 59.1 mg/dl in animals on M0 diet to 67.8, 66.0 and 66.3 mg/dl in animals on M15, M30 and M45 diets. Overall,
there were no variations among animals on M15, M30 and M45 diets. It is concluded that feeding monensin at 15 to 45 mg/kg
DM of supplemental concentrate diets to West African dwarf bucks could be effective in improving feed and protein efficiency,
manipulating the rumen for increased propionate production and increasing blood glucose levels. 相似文献
15.
The objective of the study was to compare the functions and management systems of goats in Chirumanzu district in Zimbabwe
and, Alfred Nzo and Amatole districts in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa. Data were collected using participatory
rural appraisal techniques and direct observations. In addition, structured questionnaires from 344 households as follows;
69 from Alfred Nzo district, 144 from Amatole district and 132 from Chirumanzu district were also used to retrieve information
from farmers. There were more female goat owners in male-headed households in Chirumanzu (75%) than in Amatole (27%) and Alfred
Nzo (30%). Mean goat flock sizes per household were markedly high in Amatole (14.0 ± 0.31) and Alfred Nzo (14.1 ± 1.42) as
compared to Chirumanzu (4.7 ± 0.30). There were positive correlations (r = 0.30 for Amatole, r = 0.34 for Alfred Nzo and r = 0.25
for Chirumanzu; P < 0.05) between goat flock sizes and cattle herd sizes kept per household. Seventy-nine and 78% of households
in Amatole and Alfred Nzo kept goats mainly for initiation ceremonies, respectively. Nearly all (95%) of the households in
Chirumanzu reared goats for household consumption. Goat houses in all the districts were poorly constructed. Farmers’ perceptions
showed that most goat mortalities were mainly caused by gastrointestinal parasites and tick-borne diseases, especially heartwater.
About 29, 15 and 27% of households in Alfred Nzo, Amatole and Chirumanzu, respectively, owned bucks. There were no formal
markets for goats in the three districts. Chirumanzu had more females owning goats than the other two districts. No adolescents
owned goats in all the three districts. Adolescent boys participated in the management of goats more than adolescent girls
across the three districts. Differences in the importance of goats among countries and regions should be borne in mind when
designing goat improvement and rural development programmes. 相似文献
16.
Francisca Rumosa Gwaze Michael Chimonyo Kennedy Dzama 《Tropical animal health and production》2010,42(6):1235-1242
It is often inappropriately assumed that the contributions of goats to household economies are similar across flock sizes.
A monthly questionnaire was administered to 19, 21, and 13 farmers in Matatiele and Qawukeni and Mankone. Entries and exits
to and from each flock were assessed. Most (P < 0.05) kids were born in August (4.92 ± 0.362 and 2.03 ± 0.329 for large and small flocks, respectively). Total entries
were higher (P < 0.05) in August, September, and October than in the other months. Kid mortality peaked in May and September at 21%. Most
(P < 0.05) goats were sold in December (1.06 ± 0.127 for large flocks and 0.23 ± 0.135 for small flocks). Goat production efficiency
(GPE) was affected (P < 0.05) by month and flock size. The GPE was higher (P < 0.05) in small than in large flocks. The low GPE values obtained in this study indicates the need to devise other indices
that factor in the neglected functions of goats when measuring goat production efficiency in communities where the main function
of goats is not for sale or consumption. 相似文献
17.
The estimation of live weight based on linear traits in indigenous Tswana goats at various ages in Botswana 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Sebolai B Nsoso SJ Podisi B Mokhutshwane BS 《Tropical animal health and production》2012,44(4):899-904
The objective of this study was to determine the usefulness of some linear body measurements in predicting live weight in
indigenous Tswana goats at various ages. Data for this study were obtained from 2,783 goats sampled from six agricultural
regions of Botswana except for Tsabong and Ghanzi districts. Fifteen farmers keeping goats were randomly selected from each
district and records taken on a random sample of 4–12 animals per farm depending on the 1999 Botswana Government average district
flock size. Body measurements recorded were heart girth, height at withers, body length, shoulder width, and live weight.
Information on age of each animal was estimated from dentition; flock size and sex of the animal were also recorded for each
farm. Regression analysis using stepwise selection method in Statistical Analysis System was used to determine prediction
equations for live weight with heart girth, height at withers, body length, and shoulder width as independent variables for
male and female goats of different ages. In all models, heart girth contributed most in explaining variation in body weight
as shown by high partial R
2 which ranged from 0.48 for female mature to 0.80 for mature male goats. Using mean square error, R
2, and Mallows’ C(p), the best prediction equations were for female and male kids (R
2 = 0.83 and 0.82, respectively) and mature male goats (R
2 = 0.82). The poorest model was for mature female goats with R
2 = 0.57. Live body weight could be estimated with accuracy from linear body measurements in Tswana goats which are unique
for each sex and age. More research is required to explore using these models to develop measuring tapes for use by resource
poor farmers who keep indigenous Tswana goats. 相似文献
18.
The objective of the study was to determine the effect of supplementing Moringa oleifera leaves (MOL) on growth performance, carcass and non-carcass characteristics of crossbred Xhosa lop-eared goats. A total of
24 castrated goats aged 8 months, with a mean initial weight of 15.1 ± 2.3 kg, were randomly divided into three diet groups
with eight goats in each. The duration of the trial was 60 days. All goats received a basal diet of grass hay (GH) ad libitum
and wheat bran (200 g/day each). The MOL and sunflower cake (SC) groups were fed additional 200 g of dried M. oleifera leaves and 170 g of SC, respectively. The third group (GH) did not receive any additional ration. The crude protein of MOL
(23.75%) and SC (23.27%) were higher (P < 0.05) than that of the GH diet (14.08%). The attained average daily weight gain for goats fed MOL, SC and GH were 103.3,
101.3 and 43.3 g, respectively (P < 0.05). Higher (P < 0.05) feed intakes observed were in SC (491.5 g) and MOL (490.75 g) compared with GH (404.5 g). The hot carcass weight
was higher (P < 0.05) for SC (10.48 kg) and MOL (10.34 kg) than for the GH group (8.59 kg). The dressing percentage in SC (55.8%) and MOL
(55.1%) were higher (P < 0.05) than that of the GH (52.9%). The growth performance and carcass characteristics of SC and MOL goats were not different.
Feeding MOL or SC improved the growth performance and carcass characteristics of goats in an almost similar way, which indicates
that M. oleifera could be used as an alternative protein supplement in goats. 相似文献
19.
Taşdemir U Ağaoğlu AR Kaymaz M Karakaş K 《Tropical animal health and production》2011,43(5):1035-1038
The aim of this study was to compare ovarian response and embryo yield of Day 0 protocol in Angora goats (AG) and indigenous
Kilis goats (KG) in the non-breeding season. A total of 16 Angora goats (AG group) and 11 Kilis goats (KG group) were used
in this study. In the synchronization process, after controlled internal drug release withdrawal, when estrus signs were observed,
natural mating was performed. Ovarian response was determined by synchronized laparotomy 6 days after natural mating, and
number of corpora lutea (CL) was recorded. Embryos were collected and morphologically evaluated by stereomicroscope. Synchronization
rates did not differ between AG (88%, 14/16) and KG group (91%, 10/11). In AG and KG groups, the proportion of CL on the right
(44% and 53%, respectively) and left (56% and 47%, respectively) ovaries were similar. The CL number per animal did not differ
significantly between the two breeds and was determined as 4.4 ± 0.90 in AG group and 6.4 ± 1.44 in KG group. Transferable
embryo yields were significantly higher in AG group (31/42, 74%) compared to KG group (16/46, 35%) in the non-breeding season
(P < 0.01). In conclusion, it is suggested that the day 0 protocol can be used for goat superovulation in the non-breeding season;
however, transferable embryo yields are affected by the breed. 相似文献
20.
Ghavi Hossein-Zadeh N 《Tropical animal health and production》2011,43(6):1111-1115
Calving records from the Animal Breeding Center of Iran collected from January 1987 to December 2007 and comprising 292,875
calving events of Holsteins from 1,413 dairy herds were analyzed using univariate and bivariate linear animal models to estimate
heritabilities and genetic correlations for calving intervals in the first three lactations of Holstein cows. Genetic trends
were obtained by regressing yearly mean estimates of breeding values on calving year. Average calving intervals were from
406 to 414 days and decreased over the parities. Heritability estimates for calving intervals varied from 0.03 to 0.04 across
the parities. Also, estimates of genetic correlations between calving intervals in different parities were high and ranged
from 0.67 to 0.89. The average annual phenotypic trends obtained from fitting linear regression of annual mean calving intervals
at parity 1 and 2 were significant (P < 0.01), but the phenotypic trend of calving interval at parity 3 was not significant over the years. On the other hand,
there was an increasing genetic trend for calving interval at parity 1, and there were decreasing genetic trends for calving
intervals at parity 2 and 3 over the years (P < 0.01). The low estimates of heritability obtained in this study imply that much of the improvement in calving interval
traits could be attained by improvement of production environment rather than genetic selection. 相似文献