棕榈仁粕对肉鸡生长性能及健康的影响

随着棕榈仁粕产量的增加以及大家对常规饲料原料可持续利用的担忧．世界部分地区对棕榈仁粕在肉鸡日粮中的最大添加水平进行了一些研究．结果表明棕榈仁粕不含抗营养成分,只要日粮的氨基酸和代谢能平衡．棕榈仁粕的安全添加水平至少可高达40％。虽然棕榈仁粕的添加导致日粮纤维较高和饲料消化率降低．但是却提高了采食量．最终摄入的总可消化营养成分也相应提高。β-甘露聚糖是棕榈仁粕中非淀粉多糖的主要成分,有报道认为,甘露糖和甘露低聚糖都能起到益生素的作用．日粮中添加棕榈仁粕增强禽类免疫系统功能．减少肠道致病菌数。凭借以上两个优点,我们强烈推荐棕榈仁粕添加到肉鸡日粮中．尤其是在棕榈仁粕生产国．这不仅有利于提高肉鸡生产性能．还能促进鸡群健康。有选择性地添加一些酶制剂到到饲料中．可增加饲料转化率和消化率．同时也降低排泄物的水分含量。     

棕榈粕对肉兔生长性能及养分利用率的影响

文章旨在研究日粮添加棕榈粕对肉兔生长性能及养分利用率的影响。本研究开展了两个试验。试验1选择20只50 d的肉兔,平均体重为(1.55±0.18)kg,随机分为两组,每组10只用于代谢试验。试验2选择35 d断奶肉兔96只,随机分为两组,每组4个重复,每个重复12只,对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组用20%的棕榈粕等量替代基础日粮,试验由断奶当天到63 d。结果显示:试验日粮较基础日粮显著提高了干物质、有机物和粗蛋白质的表观消化系数(P <0.05),显著提高了粗脂肪、中性洗涤纤维和酸性洗涤纤维的表观消化系数(P <0.05)。日粮添加棕榈粕显著提高了半纤维素和纤维素的表观消化系数(P <0.05),对酸不溶蛋白的表观消化系数无显著影响(P> 0.05)。与基础日粮组相比,棕榈粕组日增重显著降低了4.8%(P <0.05)。日粮添加20%棕榈粕对粪中产气荚膜杆菌的数量无显著影响(P> 0.05),但自由采食条件下,基础日粮组和棕榈粕组均显著提高了粪中产气荚膜杆菌的含量(P <0.05)。结论 :棕榈粕对肉兔是一种较好的纤维、蛋白质和脂肪来源,可以代替部分日粮中的部分苜蓿草粉。日粮添加20%棕榈粕可以提高肉兔的生长性能,对饲料消化率无负面影响。     

棕榈粕在蛋鸡日粮中的应用研究

400只40周龄伊莎褐蛋鸡随机分成5组,每组设4个重复,共20个重复(栏),进行为期8周的试验,考察棕榈粕及和美效素对产蛋高峰期蛋鸡生产性能的影响。结果表明,1)在产蛋高峰期蛋鸡日粮中棕榈粕的适宜添加量为6%～10%,可改善蛋鸡的产蛋率、个蛋重、料蛋比、破畸率及经济效益。2)添加10%棕榈粕和500g/t和美效素可改善蛋鸡的料蛋比、破畸率和经济效益。     

棕榈粕对粉壳蛋鸡生产性能及蛋品质量的影响

试验选用215日龄罗曼粉蛋鸡540只,研究添加不同水平棕榈粕对产蛋性能和蛋品质量的影响。试验共设3个处理,每个处理5个重复,每个重复36只鸡,随机饲喂添加两个水平棕榈粕（3.75%和5%）的日粮和未添加棕榈粕的商品蛋鸡饲料。试验结果经统计分析表明：各处理组在日采食量、产蛋率、平均蛋重、料蛋比、蛋壳强度和哈夫单位等方面差异不明显,说明蛋鸡日粮中添加棕榈粕3.75%和5%,对蛋鸡生产性能和蛋品质量未产生显著影响。     

Neem (Azadirachta indica) kernel meal in the diet of White Leghorn layers

1. Neem kernel meal (NKM) was incorporated into a standard layer diet at 0, 100, 150 and 200 g/kg, replacing parts of the soyabean meal and deoiled rice bran. Each diet was offered to 18 White Leghorn layers (25 weeks, 50% egg production) in individual cages for a period of 12 weeks. 2. Results indicated significantly lower food intakes (P<0.01), rates of egg production and egg weights in birds fed on the diets with NKM at 150 and 200 g/kg. Fertility and hatchability were also adversely affected by the higher inclusion rates of NKM. 3. Except for lower egg shell weight and shell thickness (P<0.05) in hens fed NKM at 150 and 200 g/kg, the internal egg quality characteristics were comparable in all groups. 4. Feeding NKM beyond 100 g/kg to laying hens significantly (P<0.01) reduced the content of haemoglobin, erythrocyte count, packed cell volume, serum calcium and uric acid concentrations. However, the leucocyte count, plasma glucose concentration and serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase activity were unaltered. Serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase activity was significantly (P<0.05) reduced in birds fed NKM at 200 g/kg. 5. Thus NKM at 100 g/kg in a layer diet would appear to be safe and cost-effective.     

家禽沙门菌的防控

沙门菌严重影响着家禽行业的发展与壮大,近年来,沙门菌流行毒株的血清型较过去发生了巨大变化,无症状鸡群的出现使沙门菌流行变得更频繁。     

酵母蛋白粉替代肉鸡日粮中鱼粉的效果研究

选用1日龄AA肉鸡600羽随机分成5组,每组设6个重复,每个重复20羽,分别饲喂鱼粉对照日粮和用酵母蛋白粉等能等蛋白替代对照日粮中25%、50%、75%和100%鱼粉的试验日粮,研究用活性酵母蛋白粉替代鱼粉作为蛋白源对肉鸡生长性能以及养分利用率的影响。结果表明:100%替代组的后期增重较对照组提高0.84%(P>0.05),100%替代组的后期及全期料重比较对照组降低2.20%和1.56%,但差异均不显著(P>0.05)。各组之间营养物质的利用率差异不显著(P>0.05)。100%替代组可以降低饲料成本和增重成本。酵母蛋白粉替代肉鸡日粮中的鱼粉是可行的。     

Comparison of the utilisation of palm kernel meal,brewers' dried grains and maize offal by broiler chicks

1. Palm kernel meal (PKM), brewers dried grains (BDG) and maize offal (MO) were included in broiler diets, each at 100, 150 or 200 g/kg; the diets were fed up to 35 d of age. 2. Overall food intake and weight gain decreased in the order BDG, PKM and MO. There were, however, significant interactions between the test ingredients and dietary concentrations in all the growth responses. Food intakes increased with the dietary concentrations of each test ingredient, but the increase was greater for BDG than PKM or MO. For weight gain, at 100 g/kg, the final body weights of the chicks fed on the diets with BDG and MO were similar, and those of chicks fed on the diet with PKM slightly lower. However, at 200 g/kg, growth rate of chicks fed on the BDG and PKM diets were similar while those of chicks fed on the MO diet was 7% lower. Efficiency of food utilisation was similar at 100 g/kg for all the ingredients and decreased as their concentrations increased; however, the decrease was considerably less for the PKM than for the MO and BDG diets. 3. Broilers fed on the BDG-based diets voided most excreta followed by those fed on the PKM and MO diets; excreta water content was highest from birds fed on the MO diets followed by the PKM and BDG diets. Apparent retention of dry matter was similar with all the test ingredients, but it decreased only significantly at 200 g/kg dietary concentration. The rate of passage was faster with the PKM diets followed by the MO and BDG diets; it was increased at 200 g/kg dietary concentration of the test ingredients.     

Evaluation of low-ash poultry meal as a protein source in canine foods

Eight mature female dogs (18.0 +/- 0.2 kg) were used in a replicated 4 x 4 Latin square experiment to determine the feeding value of low-ash poultry meal (PM) in a complete food fed to dogs. All foods contained graded concentrations of PM (10.4 to 32.5% DM), resulting in foods that were 10, 15, 20, and 25% CP. Daily DMI averaged 284 +/- 14 g/d. An increase in PM resulted in an increase in fecal moisture from 44.7 to 55.1% (linear; P < 0.01), and fecal DM output increased from 24.8 to 31.6 g/d (linear; P < 0.05). Ileal DM flow increased from 27.1 to 40.7 g/d (linear; P < 0.01). Small intestinal DM digestibility decreased from 90.4 to 86.1% (linear; P < 0.01) and total-tract DM digestibility decreased from 91.2 to 89.4% (linear; P < 0.01) as PM increased. Large intestinal DM digestibility increased from 8.4 to 21.1% with increasing PM (linear; P < 0.05). Fecal excretion of CP increased from 5.6 to 10.0 g/d (linear; P < 0.01) and ileal flow of CP increased from 6.9 to 15.6 g/d (linear; P < 0.01) as PM increased. Small intestinal CP digestibility was unaffected with treatment (P > 0.05). Large intestinal CP digestibility increased from 21.6 to 37.1% (linear; P < 0.05) with increasing PM. Total-tract CP digestibility increased from 81.0 to 86.6% (linear; P < 0.01) as PM increased. Arginine had the highest overall digestibility ranging from 88.5 to 91.3%, whereas cysteine had the lowest digestibility, ranging from 67.1 to 71.4%. These data indicate that PM is a highly digestible protein source for canine foods with inclusions of 10.4 to 32.5% of DM.     

Effects of supplementing with calcium salts of palm oil fatty acids or hydrogenated tallow on ewe milk production and twin lamb growth

Two experiments were conducted with Polypay ewes nursing twin lambs to evaluate the effects of supplementing fat (calcium salts of palm oil fatty acids or hydrogenated tallow) on ewe lactation. In Exp. 1, ewes were fed a 52% concentrate:48% hay-based diet (as-fed basis) consisting of alfalfa hay (n = 4), endophyte-free fescue hay (n = 4), or fescue hay with 3.7% fatty acids (n = 4) from d 4 to 56 of lactation. In Exp. 2, ewes were fed similar diets that had endophyte-free fescue hay (n = 6), fescue hay with 3.7% fatty acids (n = 5), or fescue hay with 3.1% tallow (n = 6) from d 14 before lambing until d 57 of lactation. Diet formulations with supplemental fat were more nutrient dense, and treatments were fed to meet ewe nutrient requirements; this caused diets with added fat to be offered at 10 and 17% lower rates than unsupplemented diets in Exp. 1 and 2, respectively. Lambs were maintained to consume only ewe milk. Ewe milk production and composition were determined using a portable milking machine following a 3-h separation from lambs. In Exp. 1, milk fat content was increased (P < 0.01) when ewes consumed fescue hay with fatty acids vs. the fescue hay diet (11.4 vs. 8.3%). Ewes fed fescue hay with fatty acids lost the most (P < 0.05) weight over lactation (-8.6 kg) compared with ewes fed the alfalfa hay (-2.4 kg) and fescue hay (-3.8 kg) diets. Other milk measures, lamb gain, and production efficiencies were not changed. In Exp. 2, ewes supplemented with fatty acids produced more (P < 0.05) milk fat than those fed tallow (290 vs. 210 g/d). The proportion of synthesized milk fat 14:0 was decreased (P < 0.01), but the percentage of incorporated 16:0 increased (P < 0.05) when fatty acids were fed. Dietary fat digestibility by ewes was increased (P < 0.01) by fatty acid supplementation but decreased (P < 0.01) when tallow was added. Although ewe weight measures were not changed in Exp. 2, twin lamb gain per ewe organic matter intake was most efficient (P < 0.05) when ewes were supplemented with fatty acids. Results suggest that feeding hydrogenated tallow decreased nutrient availability for ewe milk fat production. A complete diet based on endophyte-free fescue hay can replace a traditional alfalfa hay diet, whereas supplementing with the calcium salts of palm oil fatty acids may be more feasible when energy is limiting during ewe lactation.     

Effect of chlorination of drinking water on experimental salmonella infection in poultry

The type of drinker used for poults influenced the level of free available chlorine (FAC) in chlorinated water as well as the total plate count, fecal coliform count, and number of salmonellae in chlorinated and non-chlorinated drinking water. Nipple drinkers maintained higher levels of FAC in drinking water than Swish-cups, Swish-cups maintained higher levels than MarkIII, and MarkIII maintained higher levels than trough drinkers. The level of FAC retained in the water in trough drinkers was insufficient to exert a bactericidal effect against coliforms and salmonellae. Chlorination of drinking water and the resulting diminished number or absence of salmonellae in the drinking water did not lower the number of salmonellae per gram of cecal contents in challenged or unchallenged but exposed poults. The number of salmonellae per gram of cecal contents decreased significantly (P less than 0.01) in poults between 14 and 21 days of age, irrespective of whether or not the poults drank chlorinated water.     

Induction of oral lesions in broiler chicks by supplementing the diet with copper.

Copper sulfate was added to the diet of broiler chickens from 1 day to 3 weeks of age at the rate of 0.05% to 0.20% in order to evaluate its influence on the incidence of oral lesions. Both the incidence and severity of oral lesions showed a significant linear increase as the concentration of copper sulfate increased. Adding a level of sulfate equivalent to that produced by the highest level of copper sulfate failed to induce oral lesions. The severity of gizzard erosion also increased as the concentration of copper increased. Dietary copper sulfate supplementation should be considered a possible cause of oral lesions seen during the necropsy of avian species.     

蚯蚓粉替代鱼粉对罗氏沼虾生长性能的影响

本试验旨在研究日粮中不同比例蚯蚓粉替代鱼粉对罗氏沼虾生长性能的影响.试验采用单因子设计,选取200尾罗氏沼虾幼虾,随机分为5组,即Ⅰ组(0%蚯蚓粉+100%鱼粉)、Ⅱ组(10%蚯蚓粉+90%鱼粉)、Ⅲ组(20蚯蚓粉+80%鱼粉)、Ⅳ组(30%蚯蚓粉+70%鱼粉)、Ⅴ组(40%蚯蚓粉+60%鱼粉),每组4个重复,每个重复...     

Management of feline miliary dermatitis by supplementing the diet with essential fatty acids

Of eight cats with miliary dermatitis, six showed a good response to treatment with a dietary supplement of essential fatty acids. The analysis of serum fatty acids revealed significant abnormalities in cats with miliary dermatitis compared with normal cats.     

棕榈粕、椰子粕及其与酶制剂联合应用研究进展

<正>近年来,饲料资源短缺,新的替代资源研究已成为行业热点。棕榈粕、椰子粕作为饲料原料在国外畜牧行业已经应用多年(Woll,1922;Shamsuddin,1987),在节约粮食资源、降低饲养成本方面发挥了重要作用,经济效益和社会效益明显。国外对这两种原料的应用技术研究也有报道,如KimBG(2001)报道,在育肥猪中使用棕榈粕和椰子粕替代豆粕不影响猪生产