乳酸菌固态发酵酶解对豆粕、棉籽粕和菜籽粕粗蛋白质、pH、酸度及抗营养因子含量的影响

本试验旨在研究乳酸菌和酸性蛋白酶复合固态发酵对豆粕、棉籽粕和菜籽粕粗蛋白质、pH、酸度及抗营养因子含量的影响。以乳酸菌和酸性蛋白酶为发酵剂,对豆粕、棉籽粕和菜籽粕进行固态厌氧发酵,每隔12 h采样1次(其中粗蛋白质测定为每隔24 h采样1次),共发酵72 h。结果表明,乳酸菌固态发酵酶解豆粕、棉籽粕和菜籽粕均能有效提高粗蛋白质含量,降低pH,使酸度增加;乳酸菌固态发酵酶解能有效降解豆粕中胰蛋白酶抑制剂、水苏糖和棉籽糖含量,棉籽粕中单宁及菜籽粕中异硫氰酸酯和唑烷硫酮,而对游离棉酚及植酸的降解能力有限。由此可知,乳酸菌固态发酵酶解能通过提高豆粕、棉籽粕和菜籽粕中粗蛋白质含量、降低pH及对抗营养因子的降解,从而达到改善饲料品质的目的。     

牡丹饼粕基本营养成分分析

本研究主要是对牡丹籽油的副产品牡丹饼粕以及大豆粕、棉籽粕和菜籽粕中所含有的粗脂肪、粗纤维、粗蛋白等基本营养成分进行分析,以期为牡丹饼粕开发为功能性饲料提供基础数据依据。试验结果显示:牡丹饼粕、豆粕、棉籽粕以及菜籽粕中粗脂肪含量分别为4.77%、5.65%、7.38%、6.68%;粗纤维含量分别为27.5%、5.2%、11.56%、11.83%;粗蛋白含量分别为28.67%、39.80%、36.30%、35.70%。牡丹饼粕中的粗脂肪、粗蛋白含量与其他已经作为饲料使用的粕类进行比较,能够满足猪的生长发育所需,具有开发成为非粮型饲料的价值;但粗纤维含量过高,作为饲料使用时需适当降低粗纤维的含量。     

蓖麻粕对黑水虻幼虫生长性能的影响

试验旨在探究蓖麻粕代替豆粕作为饲粮对黑水虻幼虫生长发育及其肠道微生物的影响。将黑水虻幼虫分为3组,分别是豆粕组（SM组）、50%豆粕和50%蓖麻粕组（SCM组）以及蓖麻粕组（CM组）,每组3个重复,测定幼虫存活数、体重和体长等,检测分析幼虫和虫沙粗蛋白和粗脂肪含量、幼虫肠道细菌群落等变化。试验期12 d。结果显示,CM组虫沙的粗蛋白和粗脂肪含量显著低于其他两组（P<0.05）。16S核糖体（RNA）基因测序显示,蓖麻粕对幼虫肠道细菌的主要类型、丰富度和多样性无明显影响（P>0.05）。CM组的黑水虻幼虫生长更快,粗蛋白和粗脂肪含量显著高于SM组（P<0.05）,而死亡率无显著差异（P>0.05）。研究表明,蓖麻粕代替豆粕作为饲粮更有利于黑水虻幼虫的生长。     

云南半细毛羊6种蛋白质饲料的可消化粗蛋白质和有效能的评价

本试验旨在利用概略养分分析法测定半细毛羊6种蛋白质饲料原料[豆粕、干酒糟及其可溶物(DDGS)、棉籽粕、膨化大豆、玉米蛋白粉和菜籽粕]的营养成分含量,并通过消化代谢试验结合套算法实测饲料原料的可消化粗蛋白质(DCP)含量和有效能值。试验选取16只体重为(56.05±5.47) kg的云南半细毛羊,采用完全随机设计,平均分为4组,每组4只。试验共2期,共7个饲粮,包含1个基础饲粮和6个试验饲粮。第1期饲喂4种饲粮,第2期饲喂3种饲粮。试验期10 d,其中预试期5 d,正试期5 d。结果表明:1)玉米蛋白粉的粗蛋白质(CP)含量最高,为65.77%,棉籽粕和豆粕的CP含量为50%左右,膨化大豆和菜籽粕的CP含量为37%左右,DDGS的CP含量最低,为25.93%。菜籽粕和膨化大豆的粗纤维(CF)含量较高,为16%左右,DDGS和棉籽粕的CF含量为11%左右,豆粕和玉米蛋白粉的CF含量较低,均在6%以下。2)各种蛋白质饲料原料的DCP含量之间差异显著(P <0. 05),其中玉米蛋白粉的DCP含量最高,为581. 79 g/kg,其次是棉籽粕、豆粕、膨化大豆和菜籽粕,DDGS的DCP含量最低,为211.48 g/kg。膨化大豆的消化能(DE)和代谢能(M E)最高,分别为21.54和19.79 M J/kg,其次是玉米蛋白粉、豆粕、棉籽粕和菜籽粕,DDGS的DE和ME最低,分别为14.62和12.45 MJ/kg。棉籽粕、菜籽粕和DDGS的有效能之间差异不显著(P>0.05)。综上所述,从营养成分含量上看,玉米蛋白粉品质最好,其次是豆粕、棉籽粕、膨化大豆、菜籽粕和DDGS。从DCP品质来说,玉米蛋白粉的品质最优,依次高于棉籽粕、豆粕、膨化大豆、菜籽粕和DDGS。从有效能值来说,膨化大豆最优,依次高于玉米蛋白粉、豆粕、棉籽粕、菜籽粕和DDGS。     

乳酸菌发酵豆粕、菜籽粕和棉籽粕过程中总糖和还原糖含量变化的研究

利用DNS法对乳酸菌发酵豆粕、菜籽粕和棉籽粕的总糖和还原糖含量进行测定,研究了不同发酵时间这3种粕类饲料总糖和还原糖含量的变化,得出乳酸菌具有较强的-半乳糖苷酶活性,能够降解总糖使得还原糖含量增加,发酵72h时,总糖的含量分别下降了17.4%、33.26%和27.35%,而还原糖含量增加了6.47倍、10.15倍和1.73倍。     

不同蛋白饲料在肉仔鸡消化道中释放小分子肽的特性

35只21日龄肉仔鸡,随机分为7个处理组,每组5只。各处理组分别强饲50g 70%单一饲料(豆粕、鱼粉、菜籽粕、花生仁粕、玉米蛋白粉、血粉、棉籽粕)和30%淀粉的混合物,研究各种饲料在消化道水解释放小分子肽(＜600Da)的特性。结果表明,同一蛋白质饲料在肉仔鸡消化道各部位水解释放的小分子肽占水溶性蛋白质的比例有显著差异,其中腺胃释放小分子肽比例显著低于小肠各段,小肠中则以十二指肠最高,回肠后段最低,空肠前、后段和回肠前段之间无显著差异。不同饲料蛋白在肉仔鸡消化道水解释放小分子肽的比例有显著差异,其比例高低依次为棉籽粕＞花生仁粕＞血粉＞玉米蛋白粉＞豆粕＞鱼粉＞菜籽粕。     

菜籽粕和向日葵粕在饲料中的应用

提取植物油后剩下的饼粕蛋白质含量较高,有很高的饲用价值。豆粕占全世界饼粕总产量50%以上,另外菜籽粕和向日葵粕在一些地区产量也较高。植物油的提取主要通过机械压榨和溶剂浸提。溶剂浸提是最常用的方法,由该方法生产的饼粕,脂肪含量很低(1%～3%)。饼粕的饲用价值与其基本物质含量、加工方法和抗营养因子的含量有关。1　营养成份与能量含量菜籽粕和向日葵粕的营养物质含量见表1。与豆粕相比,菜籽粕和向日葵粕具有蛋白质低、纤维素高的特点,带壳向日葵粕粗纤维的含量更高。在榨油前脱壳可减少向日葵粕中粗纤维的含量。当向日葵粕用于猪和…     

菌种和发酵条件对菜籽粕中植酸和单宁的影响

利用植物乳酸菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、黑曲霉菌、酿酒酵母菌对菜籽粕进行单菌固态发酵,采用3因素3水平的拉丁方设计,观察接种量、麸皮添加量、发酵时间对发酵菜籽粕中植酸和单宁含量的影响。结果表明,枯草芽孢杆菌是去除植酸的最优菌种,以9%接种量、15%麸皮添加量、发酵48 h效果最好,植酸去除率63.2%;黑曲霉菌为去除单宁的最优菌种,以9%接种量、10%麸皮添加量、发酵48 h效果最好,单宁去除率77.3%。     

微生物发醇棉粕研究进展

1 棉籽饼粕的营养价值和棉酚 1.1 棉籽饼粕的营养价值 棉粕营养成分随棉花品种、是否去壳和加工工艺不同而异.一般粗蛋白含量超过34%.但是棉粕蛋白质组成不理想,精氨酸含量高达3.6%～3.8%,显著高于豆粕,是菜籽粕的2倍;而赖氨酸含量仅为1.3%～1.5%,只有豆粕的50%,利用率低,赖氨酸是棉粕的第一限制性氨基酸;蛋氨酸含量仅为0.4%,只有菜籽粕的50%,另外,棉籽中还有丰富的维生素E和B族维生素等.     

棉籽粕、菜籽粕和葵花粕对1 ～2月龄肉仔鸡生长性能的影响

选择１ 月龄的艾维茵肉仔鸡２４７ 只, 随机分为１３ 组, 每组１９ 只, 进行３０ ｄ 的饲养试验。在不同处理组的日粮中分别添加不同剂量的棉籽粕、菜籽粕和葵花粕以替代部分豆粕。结果： 在１ ～２ 月龄肉仔鸡的日粮中, 葵花粕的添加量以４ ％ 为最佳, 其日增重比对照组提高１１ ％ （ Ｐ ＞００５） 。棉籽粕和菜籽粕添加量分别为１０ ％ ～１５ ％ 时, 肉鸡日增重和对照组无明显差异 （ Ｐ ＞ ００５） 。棉籽粕和菜籽粕同时添加时要优于单一添加,其日增重比对照组提高５ ％ （ Ｐ ＞ ００５） 。在开发和利用棉籽粕和菜籽粕时, 要注意日粮中赖氨酸、蛋氨酸和动植物油的添加, 其日粮中赖氨酸含量要比推荐量提高８ ％ 左右为宜。     

Optimizing protein quality of mixtures of blood meal, feather meal and bone meal

The protein quality of two- or three-component mixtures of blood meal, feather meal and bone meal was characterized by amino acid scores and rat net protein utilization (NPU) values. A graphic method designed to find optimum levels of the limiting essential amino acids in the mixtures was suitable for predicting the optimum of NPU values determined by feeding rats with diets having 10% crude protein. The protein quality of mixtures of blood meal, feather meal and bone meal showed an optimum if blood meal constituted 60% of the protein content of the mixtures; however, poor feed intake and growth data were obtained.     

鸡肉粉和肉骨粉替代鱼粉对鲤鱼生产性能影响研究

近年来,我国水产养殖以每年近1 0 %的速度递增,进口鱼粉的供应量和价格对水产饲料及水产养殖具有极大的影响。从营养组成和消化率来看,鱼粉属优质动物蛋白质,但世界鱼粉的供应量将日益紧缺,寻求鱼粉替代动物蛋白质是我国水产业未来发展的一个重要研究方向。鸡肉粉和肉骨粉作为动物蛋白质原料,若能在水产饲料中替代鱼粉,将有重大的经济意义。我们通过饲养试验比较进口肉骨粉与鸡肉粉替代不同比例鱼粉对鲤鱼生产性能的影响,同时研究合成AA的添加效果,从而探讨肉骨粉与鸡肉粉替代鱼粉的适宜水平,为生产和科研积累应用资料。1　材料与方法1 1…     

棉、菜粕市场现状及分析

1经济大环境随着具有158年历史的雷曼兄弟递交破产申请．美国次贷危机引发的金融危机掀起了席卷全球“金融海啸”。在金融行业受到冲击的情况下,也拖累了农副产品、能源等市场,美盘、大连盘等连续多天的跌停板述说了这场金融危机的严重性。金融危机在持续．国内农副产品市场也连连出现问题。“毒奶粉”事件还未平息．鸡蛋里面又发现三聚氰胺化工原料．     

棕榈粕和椰子粕在畜牧行业中的应用

<正>近年来,饲料资源短缺,新的替代资源研究已成为行业热点。棕榈粕、椰子粕作为饲料原料在国外畜牧行业已经应用多年,目前其应用技术     

Evaluation of soybean meal, corn gluten meal, blood meal and fish meal as sources of nitrogen and amino acids disappearing from the small intestine of steers

The value of soybean meal (SBM), corn gluten meal (CGM), blood meal (BM) and fish meal (FM) in supplying N and amino acids (AA) escaping ruminal microbial degradation and disappearing from the small intestine (SI) was studied in steers using a regression approach. Replacement of corn starch in diets with protein sources resulted in decreases (P less than .05) in efficiency of microbial protein synthesis. Ruminal ammonia-N (NH3-N) had the greatest increase (P less than .05) when SBM was fed; BM supplementation resulted in only nonsignificant increases in ruminal NH3-N (P greater than .05). Soybean meal had the lowest proportion of N escaping ruminal degradation (.21). Corn gluten meal-N (.86) and BM-N (.92) escaped ruminal degradation to the greatest extent, and FM-N was intermediate (.68). Protein sources followed similar trends in providing absorbable nonbacterial N to the SI. Thirteen (+/- 6.2) percent of SBM-N was absorbed from the SI; 69 (+/- 6.2), 68 (+/- 9.1) and 50 (+/- 10.1)% of CGM-N, BM-N and FM-N, respectively, were absorbed from the SI. Values for ruminal escape and SI availability for individual and total AA are presented. Of the essential AA (EAA), threonine, valine and isoleucine were more resistant to ruminal degradation; methionine, cysteine, histidine and arginine were more extensively degraded than the total AA supply. Of the EAA escaping ruminal degradation, cysteine, histidine and threonine tended to be less digestible, whereas arginine was more digestible in the SI than the total AA supply.     

豆粕和发酵豆粕替代鱼粉对卵形鲳鲹摄食生长的影响

以初始平均体重为(112.21±0.73)g的卵形鲳鲹(Trachinotus ovatus Linnaeus)为研究对象,进行为期70d的摄食生长试验,研究不同添加水平的发酵豆粕和不发酵豆粕对卵形鲳鲹摄食生长的影响。试验共配制8种等氮等能的饲料,其中以全鱼粉饲料为对照组(饲料1);豆粕取代饲料主要以鱼粉和豆粕为蛋白源,其中,发酵豆粕分别替代17.6%、31.4%、45.1%和60.8%的鱼粉蛋白(饲料2～5),普通豆粕蛋白分别替代17.6%、31.4%和45.1%的鱼粉蛋白(饲料6～8)。结果表明,饲料中不同水平的豆粕替代量对卵形鲳鲹的成活率和摄食无显著影响(P0.05),但当豆粕蛋白替代鱼粉蛋白达到45.1%时,会显著降低卵形鲳鲹的特定生长率、饲料转化率和蛋白质效率(P0.05)。饲料中用发酵豆粕蛋白替代鱼粉蛋白达到60.8%时,也显著降低卵形鲳鲹的增重率、饲料利用率(P0.05)。但是与豆粕替代组相比,在45.1%的鱼粉蛋白替代水平下,发酵豆粕组的增重率和饲料利用率显著高于普通豆粕替代组(P0.05)。     

Net energy of corn,soybean meal and rapeseed meal in growing pigs

Background: Two experiments were conducted to estimate the net energy(NE) of corn, soybean meal, expel er-pressed rapeseed meal(EP-RSM) and solvent-extracted rapeseed meal(SE-RSM) using indirect calorimetry and to validate the NE of these four ingredients using pig growth performance.Methods: In Exp.1, 24 barrows(initial BW = 36.4 ± 1.6 kg) were allotted to 1 of 4 diets which included a corn basal diet,a corn-soybean meal basal diet and two rapeseed meal diets containing 20% EP-RSM(9.5% ether extract) or SE-RSM(1.1% ether extract) substituted for corn and soybean meal. The design allowed the calculation of NE values of corn,soybean meal and rapeseed meals according to the difference method. In Exp.2, 175 growing pigs(initial BW = 36.0± 5.2 kg) were fed 1 of 5 diets for 28 d, with five pigs per pen and seven replications(pens) per treatment in order to validate the measured energy values. Diets were a corn-soybean meal diet and four diets including 10% or 20% EP-RSM and 10% or 20% SE-RSM.Results: The NE of corn, soybean meal, EP-RSM and SE-RSM were 12.46, 11.34, 11.71 and 8.83 MJ/kg DM, respectively. The NE to ME ratio of corn(78%) was similar to tabular values, however, the NE to ME ratios of soybean meal(70%) and rapeseed meal(76%) were greater than tabular values. The greater NE value in EP-RSM than in SE-RSM is consistent with its higher EE content. Increasing EP-RSM or SE-RSM did not affect the growth performance of pigs and the caloric efficiency of NE was comparable for al diets.Conclusions: The NE of EP-RSM was similar to soybean meal, and both were greater than SE-RSM. The DE, ME and NE values measured in Exp.1 are confirmed by results of Exp. 2 with comparable caloric efficiencies of DE, ME or NE for all diets.     

Evaluation of meat meal, chicken meal, and corn gluten meal as dietary sources of protein in dry cat food

The nutritional value of meat meal (MM), chicken meal (CM), and corn gluten meal (CGM) as dietary sources of protein in dry food formulated for adult cats was evaluated. Twelve healthy adult cats (11 males and 1 female) were used. Dry diets containing MM, CM, or CGM as the main protein source were given for a 3-week period in a 3 x 3 Latin-square design. Digestion and balance experiments were conducted during the last 7 d of each period. In addition, freshly voided urine was taken to determine urinary pH and number of struvite crystals. As compared with the CM diet, dry-matter digestibility was higher and lower for the MM and CGM groups, respectively. Percentages of nitrogen (N) absorption and N retention to N intake were higher in the MM group, and N utilization was not different between the CM group and the CGM group. All cats excreted alkaline urine (pH > 7). Urinary pH, struvite activity product, and number of struvite crystals in urine were lower for the CGM group. There was no difference in retention of calcium and magnesium among the groups. From the point of view of digestibility and N utilization, MM is superior to CGM, and CM is better than or equivalent to CGM as a protein source of dry foods for adult cats. However, when CM is used as a dietary protein source, some manipulation of dietary base excess may be needed to control urinary acid-base balance, because CM contains higher calcium and phosphorus.     

鱼粉市场：预计国内港口货吃紧，进口鱼粉已有利可图

由于受禁捕影响,上周(至4月8日)的鱼获量只有134900MT,正如我们预测,其中大部份(约75200MT)用于生产蒸气鱼粉,而只有51700MT用于生产普通鱼粉。与2000年同期比较鱼获量共少了28%。秘鲁于本月10日已解禁,初步得到的消息,捕鱼获量还算不错。 有利因素 1.国内存货随用量的扩大而在逐步减少,估     

Effect of restricted forage intake on ruminal disappearance of bromegrass hay and a blood meal, feather meal, and fish meal supplement

Two experiments were conducted to determine in situ disappearance of bromegrass hay and a ruminally undegraded protein (RUP) supplement in beef cattle fed restricted amounts of forage. Six Angus crossbred cattle (BW = 589 +/- 44.4 kg; three steers and three heifers) fitted with ruminal cannulas were fed chopped (2.54 cm) bromegrass hay (8.9% CP) at one of three percentages of maintenance intake (30, 55, or 80%; one steer and one heifer per treatment). In both experiments, the cattle were allowed 7 d for diet adaptation followed by 3 d of sample collection. In Exp 1, in situ bags (50 microm pore size) containing 4.1 g of brome-grass hay (OM basis) were inserted into the rumen and subsequently removed at 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 24, 36, and 48 h after insertion. Nonlinear regression models were used to determine the rapidly solubilized protein Fraction A, the potentially ruminal degradable protein Fraction B, the ruminally undegraded protein Fraction C, and protein degradation rate. Intake level did not affect (P = 0.15 to 0.95) forage protein remaining after in situ incubation or Fractions A, B, and C; however, effective ruminal degradation of hay protein tended to increase quadratically (P = 0.12) as forage intake increased. In Exp 2, 4.2 g (OM basis) of an RUP supplement (6.8% porcine blood meal, 24.5% hydrolyzed feather meal, and 68.7% menhaden fish meal) formulated to provide equal amounts of metabolizable protein across all levels of hay consumption was evaluated in a similar manner as in Exp 1. The undegraded protein fraction of the supplement did not differ (P = 0.16 to 0.74) across treatments at 3, 6, 9, and 18 h; however, increasing forage intake resulted in a linear increase (P < or = 0.06) in undegraded protein remaining at 12, 15, 24, 36, and 48 h. Dietary treatment had no affect (P = 0.30) on protein Fractions A, B, or C; however, protein degradation rate of the supplement decreased linearly (P = 0.03) as forage intake increased. Therefore, effective ruminal degradation of the supplement decreased linearly (P = 0.01) from 50.8 to 40.9% as forage intake increased from 30 to 80% of maintenance. Corresponding estimates of supplement RUP were 49.2, 56.5, and 59.1% for the 30, 55, and 80% of maintenance intake treatments, respectively. Restricting dietary intake can decrease the quantity of dietary protein that escapes ruminal degradation. Tabular estimates of RUP may not be appropriate for formulating diets to balance metabolizable protein in beef cattle consuming limited quantities of forage.