肃南县马营乡甘肃高山细毛羊导入澳血初见成效

肃南县马营乡甘肃高山细毛羊导入澳血初见成效吉生柱（甘肃省肃南县皇城区畜牧站,７３４０３１）张瑜（肃南县马营乡畜牧站）６年来,甘肃省肃南县马营乡先后从甘肃省皇城绵羊育种试验场和本县皇城绵羊育种场引进澳血种公羊及澳血大倍稀释精液。对全乡甘肃高山细毛羊进行...     

导入澳美提高甘肃高山细毛羊生产性能研究

以纯种澳洲美利奴羊作父本 ,通过常温人工授精技术 ,对甘肃高山细毛羊进行澳化杂交改良。结果表明 :F1杂种羊初生重、断奶重、周岁体重比甘细羊分别高 0 2 3、5 68和 8 2 6kg ,差异极显著 (P <0 0 1) ,而含澳血 75 %的F2 代和甘细母羊的杂种羊 ,分别比甘细羊高 0 18、3 5 5和 4 5 5kg ,亦有明显的改良效果。澳甘F1、澳甘F2 ×甘细在被毛结构、剪毛量、毛长、细度、油汗等方面均优于甘细羊。     

绵羊罩衣对甘肃高山细毛羊生产性能的影响

选择甘肃皇城羊场成年甘肃高山细毛羊母羊200只,随机分成两组,试验组穿上特制的绵羊罩衣,对照组不作任何处理;相同条件下饲养管理到第二年春季测定生产性能和羊毛品质.试验结果表明试验组平均污毛量(4.38 kg)比对照组(5.17 kg)低0.79 kg,差异极显著(P<0.01);试验组平均净毛量(2.26 kg)比对照组(2.06 kg)高0.20 kg,差异极显著(P<0.01);试验组净毛率(50.98%)比对照组(39.88%)高11.10个百分点,差异极显著(P<0.01).     

绵羊罩衣对甘肃高山细毛羊生产性能的影响

选择甘肃皇城羊场成年甘肃高山细毛羊母羊200只,随机分成两组,试验组穿上特制的绵羊罩衣,对照组不作任何处理;相同条件下饲养管理到第二年春季测定生产性能和羊毛品质。试验结果表明:试验组平均污毛量(4.38kg)比对照组(5.17kg)低0.79kg,差异极显著(P<0.01);试验组平均净毛量(2.26kg)比对照组(2.06kg)高0.20kg,差异极显著(P<0.01);试验组净毛率(50.98%)比对照组(39.88%)高11.10个百分点,差异极显著(P<0.01)。     

补饲舔砖对甘肃高山细毛羊生产性能的影响

在甘肃肃南典型家庭牧场,随机选择体况相近的甘肃高山细毛羊2周岁后备母羊、怀孕母羊各60只,各分两组进行试验。试验羊随大群自由放牧,归牧后对试验羊分圈饲养,试验组自由舔食舔砖,对照组无舔砖,试验期为165 d。结果表明,补饲舔砖后备母羊平均舔食量 31.1 gd-1,摄入糖蜜2.5 gd-1,怀孕母羊组舔食量为43.2 gd-1,摄入糖蜜3.5 gd-1;各组矿物质元素摄入量满足营养需要量,蛋氨酸和赖氨酸亦有一定程度的补充;补饲舔砖后备母羊平均日增重40 d,与对照差异显著（P＜0.05）;补饲怀孕母羊组羔羊初生重显著高于对照,断奶成活率亦有提高的趋势。     

甘肃高山细毛羊引入澳血试验观察

甘肃高山细毛羊引入奥血试验表明，周岁半血羊体重除母羊比甘细羊低５．６０％外，其羊毛长度，剪毛量和羊毛品质均较甘细羊有显著的提高和改善。半血羊适应性较强。因此，在甘细羊中大面积引入澳血，提高其生产性能，改善羊毛综合品质是可行的。     

甘肃高山细毛羊不同品系间的生产性能比较研究

甘肃高山细毛羊在品种育成后的30多年里坚持育种方向,加强选种选配,提高品种质量。现对育成的几个新品系进行系统回顾和生产性能分析,总结育种取得的经验,旨在为设计和合理制定育种规划提供参考。     

甘肃高山细毛羊生产现状及产业化发展规划

甘肃高山细毛羊是毛肉兼用型优秀细毛羊地方品种,能较好地适应海拔2 000~5 000m的高寒牧区自然条件、放牧性强、耐粗饲、遗传性能稳定、具有良好的生产性能等特点而闻名。该品种育成三十多年来,其产业发展模式发生了一定变化,出现了一些新的影响因素。通过对生长发育、生产性能、羊毛品质、产地自然生态条件、饲养管理等指标现状进行的测定或调查,研究分析存在的主要问题,对其产业化发展提出了规划建议,以期对甘肃高山细毛羊良性发展提供帮助。     

Effect of Pseudorabies Purification on the Production Performance in Pig

In order to identify the effect of pseudorabies purification on pig production performance, this paper based on the survey of 63 large-scale pig farms in 9 provinces of China, analyzed the effects of pseudorabies purification on the mortality of pigs, the positive rate of gE, the maternal abortion rate and so on, and compared pig production performance between purification and non-purifucation farms in different scale and different stages of purification. The results showed that the pig production performance was improved by the implementation of vaccine immunization, quarantine diagnosis, elimination of positive animals and culture of healthy animals; Pseudorabies purification had the best effect of improving production performance for the farms with the scale of 16 500 to 84 700 head. The longer the time of pseudorabies purification, the greater the production performance of pigs.     

猪伪狂犬病净化对猪生产性能影响的研究

为了评定猪伪狂犬病净化对猪生产性能的影响,作者调查了中国9个省63个规模化猪养殖场,以调查数据为基础,统计分析了伪狂犬病净化对猪死亡率、猪群伪狂犬gE阳性率、母猪流产率等生产性能的影响,对比了不同规模、不同净化阶段养殖场的猪生产性能的差异。统计结果表明,通过实施疫苗免疫、检疫诊断、淘汰阳性动物、培养健康动物等净化措施,生猪的生产性能明显提高;养殖规模在1.65~8.47万头的养殖场其生产性能提高的效果最优;伪狂犬病净化时间越长,猪的生产性能提高的幅度越大。     

大豆低聚糖对蛋鸡生产性能的影响

选择34周龄健康无病商品代海兰褐蛋鸡240只,随机分为4组,分别在其日粮中添加0、0.1%、0.2%和0.3%的纯度为30%的大豆低聚糖,探讨在蛋鸡日粮中添加不同水平大豆低聚糖对蛋鸡生产性能的影响。结果表明:在日粮中添加0.2%～0.3%大豆低聚糖可以显著提高蛋重和产蛋率,降低料蛋比(P<0.05)。0.2%添加组中盈利最多。     

红曲米对蛋鸡生产性能的影响

选取30周龄海兰灰蛋鸡240只,随机分成4组,饲喂不同添加量的红曲米,研究其对生产性能的影响。结果表明,在蛋鸡日粮中添加1‰的红曲米,可以提高产蛋率、平均蛋重,降低料蛋比;随着红曲米添加量的增大,产蛋率、平均蛋重反而低于对照组,料蛋比高于对照组。说明在蛋鸡日粮中添加适量的红曲米,可以提高蛋鸡的生产性能。     

补饲女贞子对泌乳奶牛生产性能及血液生化指标的影响

试验旨在研究补饲女贞子对泌乳奶牛生产性能及血液生化指标的影响。选择48头健康的泌乳中期中国荷斯坦奶牛,随机分成4组,每个处理组12头奶牛,对照组饲喂全混合日粮(TMR),N1、N2、N3组分别在饲喂TMR日粮的基础上补饲150、300、450 g/d女贞子。预试期1周,正试期7周。结果表明,与对照组相比,补饲450 g/d女贞子可显著提高泌乳奶牛4%校正乳产量(P<0.05),补饲150 g/d女贞子可显著提高泌乳奶牛乳脂含量(P<0.05),而对泌乳奶牛干物质采食量、产奶量及乳蛋白、总固形物含量和体细胞数均无显著影响(P>0.05);与对照组相比,补饲女贞子可显著降低泌乳奶牛血液中甘油三酯含量(P<0.05),而对其他血液生化指标均无显著影响(P>0.05)。综上所述,补饲女贞子具有提高泌乳中期奶牛生产性能、改善机体脂类代谢的作用。     

Effect of Supplementation of Ligustrum lucidum Ait on Production Performance and Blood Biochemical Indices in Dairy Cows

The objective of the experiment was to investigate the effect of supplementation of Ligustrum lucidum Ait on production performance and blood biochemical indices in dairy cows.Forty eight mid-lactation Holstein dairy cows were randomly assigned to four groups with twelve individuals in each group.The control group was fed a TMR diet,groups N1 to N3 were fed the TMR diets supplemented with 150,300,450 g/d Ligustrum lucidum Ait,respectively.The pre-test period lasted for 1 week and the trial period lasted for 7 weeks.The results showed that compared with control group,the supplementation of 450 g/d Ligustrum lucidum Ait significantly increased 4% FCM (P<0.05),the supplementation of 150 g/d Ligustrum lucidum Ait significantly increased milk fat content (P<0.05).Dietary supplementation of Ligustrum lucidum Ait had no effects on DMI,milk yield,milk protein,total solids (TS) and somatic cell counts (SCC) (P>0.05).Compared with control group,the supplementation of Ligustrum lucidum Ait significantly decreased blood TG content (P<0.05),and had no effects on other blood biochemical indices (P>0.05).In conclusion,dietary supplementation of Ligustrum lucidum Ait could improve milk quality and yield,and the lipid metabolism of dairy cows.     

Evaluation of Ewe Performance in 795 Selected Sheep Flocks in South-Eastern Norway

A study of ewe performance was undertaken in 795 sheep flocks based on data from the Norwegian Sheep Recording System. Herd level data included in the annual report for 1998 were used as the basis for the study. Average flock size was 75.3 ewes. The material was considered as representative of the better and more motivated sheep farmers in the mountain valley regions in south-eastern Norway. The average number of lambs born per ewe, inclusive (and exclusive) of barren ewes, was 1.89 (2.02), and of autumn lambs (those surviving from birth in the spring to autumn) 1.60 (1.66). The average autumn weight of the lambs corrected to 145 days of age was 42.4 kg, giving an overall performance of 67.9 kg lambs live weight per ewe. When including artificially reared lambs, overall performance was 70.4 kg per ewe. Artificial rearing of lambs, mostly triplets which had been removed from the ewe, was practised on 395 of the farms. In the 74 flocks with a rate of artificial rearing of more than 10% of all lambs, overall performance per ewe was 13.3 kg higher than in flocks with no artificial rearing. Total lamb mortality from birth to autumn recording, including stillborn lambs, was 12.44%. Mortality had a skewed distribution, some flocks having very high mortality figures. The arithmetic means (and medians) for mortality were as follows: 2.75 (2.29)% stillbirths, 2.93 (2.30)% died during the indoor feeding period, 0.88 (0.00)% at spring pasture, and 6.16 (4.40)% at summer pasture. In regression models using Proc Genmod in SAS^®, it was found that average number of autumn lambs per ewe was negatively associated with the rate of barren ewes, late lambing date (flock average day in year when lambing took place), and total lamb mortality. The corrected autumn weight of the lambs was positively associated with the average number of lambs born per ewe and non-fertility rate, and negatively associated with flock size and total lamb mortality. The Dala breed had a positive effect on number of autumn lambs per ewe, and Spæl breed a negative effect on corrected autumn live weight of the lambs.     

声音组合刺激对艾维茵肉鸡生产性能的影响

 应用正交试验法研究声音的三种因素（频率、响度及种类）对艾维茵肉鸡生产性能的影响。频率分为次声频率(<20 Hz)、低频率(20 Hz~200 Hz)、中频率(200 Hz~3 000 Hz)和高频率(3 000 Hz~10 000 Hz),响度分为65~75 dB、75~85 dB、85~95 dB和95~105 dB,声音种类选择轻音乐、古典音乐、重金属音乐和噪音。结果表明：影响平均日增重指标的主要因素为声音频率,其次为声音强度和声音的种类,提高肉鸡平均日增重指标的最优组合为次声频率(<20 Hz),75~85 dB和重金属音乐;影响采食量指标的主要因素为声音种类,其次为声音频率和声音强度,提高肉鸡采食量指标的最优组合为高频率(3 000 Hz~10 000 Hz),75~85 dB和噪音;影响肉料比指标的主要因素为声音种类,其次是声音频率和声音强度,提高肉鸡肉料比指标的最优组合为次声频率(<20 Hz),75~85 dB和轻音乐;影响胫长和胫围增长指标的主要因素为声音种类,其次为声音频率和声音强度,能增加肉鸡胫长和胫围增长的最优组合为次声频率(<20 Hz),95~105 dB和重金属音乐。     

日粮中添加外源核苷酸以AA肉鸡生产性能的影响

试验旨在探究日粮中添加外源核苷酸对从肉鸡生产性能的影响.100只1日龄AA肉鸡随机分成4组:对照组,低、中、高剂量外源核苷酸试验组,每组25R.对照组饲喂基础日粮;试验组于22日龄开始,在基础日粮中分别添加0.05%、0.10%和0.20%外源核苷酸,试验期42d.采集血清分析生化指标,结果表明,与对照组相比,添加外源核苷酸显著提高了AA肉鸡增重和饲料利用率,显著提高胸肌和腿肌重量,同时显著降低腹脂率.添加外源核苷酸对血清中的总胆固醇和甘油三酯含量无显著影响,但可显著降低非酯化脂肪酸含量.结果提示,日粮中添加外源核苷酸能在提高AA肉鸡增重和肌肉重量的同时降低脂肪的沉积,从而提高生产性能.     

复方生石膏对热应激蛋鸡生产性能和血液生化指标的影响

将300只体质良好、平均体重为1585 g、60周龄海兰褐蛋鸡,随机分为5组,在试验组日粮中分别添加0.5%、1%、1.5%的复方生石膏及0.04%的维生素C,观察热应激蛋鸡生产性能和血液生化指标的变化情况.结果与对照组相比,复方生石膏高浓度组(1.5%)可显著增加日采食量4.41 g/d(P<0.05),提高产蛋率4.38%(P<0.05),增加蛋壳厚度0.022mm(P>0.05),提高血糖浓度3.02 mmol/L(P<0.01),提高总蛋白浓度19.48 mmol/L(P<0.01)、白蛋白浓度2.70 mmol/L(P<0.01);降低甘油三酯1.20 mmol/L(P<0.01)、总胆固醇含量0.32 mmol/L(P<0.01).结果显示,复方生石膏高浓度组(1.5%)对热应激蛋鸡生产性能和血液生化的改善效果最佳.