北京昌平龙泉花园别墅绿地草坪的建植与管理

通过对北京地区绿地草坪草种选择、建植和管理措施的研究，初步确定了该类草坪所应选择的草坪草种类、混播配比及草坪建植和管理的具体措施、注意事项等，从而为北京地区绿地草坪的科学建植和管理提供了一定的参考资料。     

草坪草引种观察与筛选

为满足绿化和水土保持对优良草坪草的需求，引进了草坪草种进行田间种植，并对其生物性状和抗逆性能进行观察，以从中筛选出优良的草坪草种。经过２年的观察，初步筛选出优良草坪草种－台湾草坪草；既可饲用、又可固土的优良草种－百喜草；饲用、草坪兼用的优良草种－早熟禾；饲用、草坪、固土多用型的优良草种－苇状羊茅。这几种草坪草种均具有绿化和水土保持作用。     

丹麦草坪研究、生产概况与对我国草坪发展的思考

丹麦是草坪种子出口大国,其在草坪草科学研究、生产方面有几点可以借鉴.丹麦草坪草育种除常规育种外,转基因技术已取得了一定进展;在草坪草种质量方面,采取政府严格控制以及工厂统一清选的做法;草坪种子公司,建立适应不同条件的系列混合草坪草种.回首我国,目前草坪引种急待规范,草坪草种研究生产体系急待加强与完善,草坪科学研究急待提高;希望引起有关方面的高度重视.     

丹麦草坪研究,生产概况与对我国草坪发展的思考

丹麦是草坪种子出口大国,共在草坪科学研究,生产方面有几点可以借鉴,丹麦草坪草育种除常规育种外,转基因技术已取得了一定进展;在草坪草种质量方面,采取政府严格控制以及工厂统一的清选的做法,草坪种子公司,建立适应不同条件的系列混合草坪草种,回首我国,目前草坪引种急待规范,草坪草种研究生产体系急待加强与完善,草坪科学研究急待提高,希望引起有关方面的高度重视。     

草坪草再生体系研究进展

草种是草坪业的基础，但我国缺乏自己培育的草坪草品种，所用草坪草种主要依赖于进口，因此草坪草育种工作亟待加强。常规育种周期长、效率低且难以实现精准靶向育种，而现代生物技术为草坪草育种提供了新的有效途径，其中构建草坪草高效再生体系，加快繁殖速度，对拥有再生体系的草坪草种进行遗传转化是其关键。本文主要综述了近年来对部分冷季型和暖季型草坪草的再生体系研究，总结了影响再生过程的关键因素、存在问题等，同时对未来草坪草再生领域的发展进行了展望，以期对今后草坪草新品种的研发、推广和应用提供参考。     

我国北方干冷气候区草坪直播建坪技术及效益初探

针对我国北方干冷气候区的气候特点及生态环境、就适宜的草坪草种筛选、土壤处理、草坪播种、苗前管理等建坪技术以及草坪灌水、施肥、刈剪、病虫杂草防治、草坪更新补播等养护管理手段作了初步研究，并在草坪开发应用中取得了良好的经济效益，生态效益和社会效益。     

马蹄金是亚热带气候区建植休闲草坪的优良草种

马蹄金是亚热带气候区建植休闲草坪的优良草种,文中对比分析了马蹄金草坪与其他草种建成草坪的优缺点.     

冷季型草种幼苗期的杂草防除及对处理药剂的反应

应用３种不同的药剂对４个属７种冷季型草坪草种幼苗期的早春杂草进行化除试验，结果表明３种药剂对草坪杂草的防除有不同的效果，并且对冷季型草坪草种幼苗期的生长也有不同的影响，其中，处理Ⅱ早春进行苗期喷雾防治，不仅对参试品种本身安全可靠，而且有一定的促长效应。该处理（Ⅱ）对阔叶性杂草的致死率达到４３％，综合防效可达７５％，对禾本科杂草的生长和种子萌发也有一定的抑制作用，与对照比较可减少３５．８％的杂草发生     

马蹄金是亚热带气候区建植休闲草坪的优良草种

马蹄金是亚热带气候区建植休闲草坪的优良草种,文中对比分析了马蹄金草坪与其他草种建成草坪的优缺点。     

过渡地区草坪建设应重视的几个问题

描述了我国过渡地区草坪的特点，提出草坪草种选择、草坪土壤改良和草坪的修剪管理是目前过渡地区草坪建设中应重视的主要问题。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.     

Mechanism of Action of Probiotic Function of Lactobacilli

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制.     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。