不同种类粘虫板在六堡茶有机茶园的应用技术研究

为了解天敌友好型色板与普通黄板对六堡茶有机茶园茶小绿叶蝉的诱捕效果,以及对天敌蜘蛛的影响,通过开展对比试验,调查不同时期、不同悬挂高度的两种粘虫板对茶小绿叶蝉和天敌蜘蛛的影响.结果显示,天敌友好型色板诱捕茶小绿叶蝉的效果较好,对天敌蜘蛛的影响较小.不同悬挂高度实验结果显示:6月份和8月份,天敌友好型粘虫板悬挂高于茶蓬面...     

不同颜色粘虫板对茶园小贯小绿叶蝉等昆虫的诱集效果比较研究

本研究利用黄板、蓝板和混色色板对茶园小贯小绿叶蝉等常见昆虫进行诱集并比较结果,旨为茶园科学合理使用粘虫色板防治虫害提供理论依据.结果表明,三种色板对靶标害虫小贯小绿叶蝉诱集数量高低依次为混色板>黄板>蓝板,混色板的诱集数量为5.31头/面;对其他害虫诱集数量高低依次为黄板>混色板>蓝板,黄板的诱集数量为3.27头/面;对寄生性天敌昆虫诱集数量高低依次为混色板>黄板>蓝板,混色板的诱集数量为2.73头/面;对捕食性天敌昆虫诱集数量高低依次为蓝板>混色板>黄板,蓝板的诱集数量为0.73头/面;对中性昆虫诱集数量高低依次为黄板>蓝板>混色板,黄板的诱集数量为20.78头/面;对传粉昆虫诱集数量高低依次为蓝板>黄板>混色板,蓝板的诱集数量为1.27头/面.三种色板诱集茶园昆虫中益害比比值高低依次为蓝板>混色板>黄板,分别为:0.48、0.40和0.31.粘虫色板虽然对茶园害虫诱集效果较好,但其对有益昆虫的不利影响亦应引起高度重视.     

三种黄板对茶园害虫诱捕试验初探

<正>色板诱捕小型害虫是利用害虫对颜色的趋性而开发的一种防虫手段。色板颜色对诱捕效果影响很大,而黄板是目前茶叶生产上使用最广泛的色板类型。姚元涛等试验表明在黄、绿、蓝3种颜色色板中,黄板对茶蚜的田间防治效果最好;赵冬香等采用6种颜色色板对茶园假眼小绿叶蝉进行了室内和田间诱捕试验,结果表明假眼小绿叶蝉最偏嗜黄色;王蓉通过试验也证明黄板对假眼小绿叶蝉的诱捕效果要优于蓝板。应用黄板诱捕茶园害虫,是实施茶园虫害绿色防控     

不同朝向、挂置高度和信息素对黄、蓝色板诱捕茶园主要害虫的影响

本文研究了不同朝向、挂置高度和信息素对黄、蓝色板诱捕茶园假眼小绿叶蝉、黑刺粉虱和蓟马的影响。结果表明:朝向、挂置高度和信息素对诱虫量均具有一定影响,适宜的悬挂方向为东西向,最佳悬挂高度则为色板下缘距茶丛顶端10 cm,使用信息素诱芯能大幅提高黄、蓝板对这几种害虫的诱捕效果。     

安纳防治假眼小绿叶蝉田间药效试验

假眼小绿叶蝉是泰顺县茶区主要害虫之一，突出危害夏秋茶。受害茶树芽叶卷缩、硬化、叶尖和叶缘红褐枯焦，芽梢生长缓慢，对茶叶产量和质量有很大影响。为了进一步提高假眼茶小绿叶蝉的防治效果，选择高效、低毒的农药，是茶树假眼茶小绿叶蝉防治中必须解决的问题。2004年我们在产茶乡、镇、茶场以及茶叶专业户茶园，应用安纳进行对假眼小绿叶蝉防治试验。     

黄色诱虫板对茶小绿叶蝉的诱捕效果研究

试验结果表明,茶蓬面插黄色诱虫板能有效控制茶小绿叶蝉的发生,其控制效果30×40 cm2达90.02%、30×20 cm2达87.30%。经调查统计,两种规格的黄色诱虫板正反两面60天诱集到的茶小绿叶蝉成虫数分别为2035.7头、859.3头,亦即141.5头/（m2.天）、119.5头/（m2.天）。从经济角度考虑,茶园宜使用规格为30×40 cm2黄色诱虫板防治茶小绿叶蝉,每年1 hm2可节约投资840～2700元,与药剂防治相比,既省钱、省力,又安全、无污染。     

假眼小绿叶蝉对不同颜色偏嗜性的研究

作者进行了茶树害虫假眼小绿叶蝉对不同颜色偏嗜性的室内和田间试验。结果表明 :假眼小绿叶蝉最偏嗜黄色。室内试验中 ,琥珀黄诱集的虫数最多 ,且与湖水蓝和宝石绿间的虫数差异不显著 ,与翠绿、雪白和橘橙间的虫数差异显著 (p     

茶园小绿叶蝉的发生规律及防治措施

小绿叶蝉在茶园有很多种类,其中主要是假眼小绿叶蝉与茶小绿叶蝉。两者形态特征大同小异,发生规律与生活习性基本相同,均属同翅目叶蝉。但全国各地主要发生的是假眼小绿叶蝉。小绿叶蝉以成、若虫刺吸茶树嫩梢芽叶汁液为害。受害芽叶叶缘泛黄,叶脉变红,进而叶缘叶尖萎缩焦枯,生长停滞,芽叶脱落,严重影响茶叶产量和品质。现将茶园的小绿叶蝉发生规律及防治措施介绍如下：     

基于mtDNA COI的假眼小绿叶蝉系统发育研究

克隆测定了12个茶树假眼小绿叶蝉Empoasca vitis（Göthe）种群84个样本和5个叶蝉近缘种外群62个虫体的线粒体DNA COI基因序列片段,利用生物信息学软件分析其序列同源性、遗传结构及系统进化关系。发现我国茶树假眼小绿叶蝉种群间的遗传距离为0.5%~1.2%,远小于昆虫物种2%的界限,未呈现明显遗传分化,ML分子系统树也显示其种群个体呈平行分布。假眼小绿叶蝉与几种外群叶蝉的遗传距离在14.8%~24.5%之间,依次为葡萄小绿叶蝉<葡萄二星叶蝉<桃一点斑叶蝉,说明它与葡萄小绿叶蝉亲缘关系最近,与系统进化树的聚类结果一致。本研究首次通过mtCOI基因序列分析,揭示了假眼小绿叶蝉遗传结构及它与近缘种叶蝉的系统进化关系,为解释它在茶园的起源及适应机制提供了基础。     

防虫板防治北方无性良种茶园茶小绿叶蝉效果研究

研究了不同颜色防虫板对北方茶园茶小绿叶蝉的防治效果。结果表明:各种颜色防虫板对茶小绿叶蝉均具有一定的防治效果,其田间防效大小依次为:黄板、绿板、蓝板;其累积诱虫效果大小依次为:黄板、绿板。黄板田间防治效果和粘虫效果最好,田间防效最高达92.1%,粘虫效果为148.4头/m~2·天,最适宜北方茶园茶小绿叶蝉的防治。     

Solvent transport phenomenon of cellulose microfiber (CMF) reinforced poly (ethylene-co-vinyl acetate) (EVA) composites

Composite films based on EVA with CMF were prepared and characterized for their solvent transport nature. CMF were derived from Hibiscus sabdariffa by steam explosion technique and incorporated in the EVA matrix by extrusion. Solvent transport by the composites was analyzed using hexane, heptane and octane as penetrant molecules. The solvent uptake behavior of EVA/CMF composites is explained on the basis of the penetrant size, temperature and the filler loading. The composite had improved barrier property compared with unfilled EVA. This in turn is an indication of good fiber-matrix interaction in the composite system. Diffusion parameters such as diffusion coefficient, permeation coefficient and Arrhenius activation parameters and thermodynamic parameters such as enthalpy and entropy were evaluated in detail. The mode of transport was found to be Fickian.     

Thermal degradation behaviors and fire retardant properties of poly(1,3,4-oxadiazole)s (POD) and poly(m-phenylene isophthalamide) (PMIA) fibers

Thermal degradation behaviors and fire retardant properties of poly(1,3,4-oxadiazole)s (POD) and poly(m-phenylene isophthalamide) (PMIA) fibers were investigated. The thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) demonstrated that POD exhibited higher onset thermal degradation temperature (T_onset) than PMIA, exceeding nearly 80 °C. The thermal degradation kinetics, evaluated by the modified Coats-Redfern method, displayed that the apparent activation energy (E_a) of POD and PMIA fibers was similar when the conversion rate (α) ranges from 0.2 to 0.5, while with the α from 0.6 to 0.8, the E_a of POD was significantly lower than that of PMIA. The fire retardant performance of POD and PMIA fibers were evaluated by cone calorimeter under heat fluxes of 35, 50 and 75 kW/m², during which the temperature of the fibers were monitored by a thermocouple. Surprisingly, POD fibers showed inferior fire retardant performance in comparison with PMIA, with lower time to ignition (TTI) and higher peak heat release rate (PHRR). The origin of the different fire retardant properties of both fibers was revealed by analyzing the residual chars and gaseous products during thermal pyrolysis. The morphology confirmed that stable and compact chars can be formed in PMIA. In addition, the Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) characterization of the residual char revealed that POD can form carbonaceous chars at the heat flux of 50 kW/m², while the heat flux of PMIA was 75 kW/m². The pyrolysis products characterized by pyrolysis-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (Py-GC-MS) indicated that POD can be pyrolyzed completely at 600 °C, while the temperature of PMIA was 700 °C.     

Hydraulic Resistance of Sorghum (C4) and Sunflower (C3)

Summary

It is well known that C4 crops have a lower water requirement than C3 crops. Reasons for the difference are not well understood. Therefore, hydraulic resistance of sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] (C4) and sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) (C3) was determined to see if it might be one explanation for the lower water use of crops with the C4 photosynthetic pathway. Plants were grown under greenhouse conditions in pots with soil, which was well watered (soil matric potential of ～0 MPa) or allowed to dry (soil matric potential of ?0.038 MPa and ?0.065 MPa for sorghum and sunflower, respectively). Hydraulic resistance was calculated in two ways: (1) using the classic Ohm's law analogue, which assumes that the relation between flux (transpiration) and difference in water potentials of the soil and plant is linear and (2) using an equation that considers diurnal changes in leaf water content along with transpiration and difference in water potentials. Because change in leaf-water content during a day was small, hydraulic resistances calculated by the two methods resulted in similar values. Sorghum had a linear relationship between flux and difference in potentials (constant hydraulic resistance), but sunflower had a nonlinear one (variable hydraulic resistance). The hydraulic resistance of watered sunflower increased only slightly during a day and averaged about 40 MPa m² s mol^?1, which was 3.5 times less than that of watered or water-stressed sorghum (-140 MPa m² s mol^?1). The hydraulic resistance of water-stressed sunflower increased steeply during a day and by the end of the day it had a hydraulic resistance that approached that of sorghum.     

Life history of Closterotomus (Calocoris) trivialis (Costa) (Heteroptera: Miridae) in olive and citrus orchards in Crete

The population density of Closterotomus trivialis (Costa) and its damage potential were studied in citrus and olive orchards of Crete. C. trivialis was found to be most abundant in wild radish Raphanus raphanistrum L., annual mercury Mercurialis annua L., Urtica sp. and upright pellitory Parietaria officinalis L. compared to mallow Malva sylvestris L., prickly goldenfleece Uropermum picroides (L.), sowthistle Sonchus oleraceus L., citrus or olive trees. Its damage potential on the setting of olive fruit was investigated at the early inflorescence stage. When 1, 5 or 10 adults of C. trivialis were enclosed with stems at the 55th and 57th phenological growth stages, the number of fruits was significantly reduced compared to controls.The developmental biology of individuals of C. trivialis was studied on R. raphanistrum at seven constant temperatures 15, 20, 25, 30, 32.5, 35 and 37 °C, under laboratory conditions. No nymphs survived above 35 °C. The highest nymph to adult survival (89.6%) was found at 20 °C and the lowest (40.6%) at 32.5 °C. Mean developmental time as well as adult longevity decreased with increasing temperature. The developmental time from 1st nymphal instar to adult ranged from at least 9.0 at 32.5 °C to 27.8 days at 15 °C. The adults lived from 2.9 days at 32.5 °C to 45.3 days at 15 °C. It required 212.7 degree-days to complete development above a minimum threshold of 7.72 °C as estimated by linear regression and 8 °C as estimated by nonlinear model. The importance of these findings in the management of this species through the prediction of its seasonal appearance is discussed.     

野生大豆(G.Soja)、半野生大豆(G.Gracilis)和栽培大豆(G.max)的核型分析

本文应用数量统计的方法,分析野生大豆16份,半野生大豆5份和栽培大豆2份的核型。结果表明、野生大豆、半野生大豆和栽培大豆染色体数目为2n=40,核型为2n=24m+14sm+2st(SAT)。虽然三者的核型相似,但单倍染色体组长是有差别的,经X~2测定表明,这种差异是由于种间差异引起。因此,大豆核型的研究,对探讨大豆的进化具有重要意义。 在野生大豆中观察到一具有四随体类型,从进化观点看,具四随体类型较具二随体类型物种原始,同时为确定大豆是二倍体还是多倍体植物、提供有价值的材料。 野生大豆、半野生大豆和栽培大豆的Giemsa—C带分析表明,三种大豆的带型极其相似,基本带型为:第一组12条染色体有一条着丝点带;第二组12条染色体有一条中间带;第三组12条染色体有一条端带;第四组4条染色体有二条带。     

桔狭胸天牛幼虫记录（鞘翅目：瘦天牛科）

本文记述桔狭胸天牛Philus antennatus(Gyllenhal)幼虫形态特征及发生、为害情况。