生物活性预混料(8140S、8210S)饲喂断奶仔猪试验

生物活性预混料是利用微生物发酵工艺，另外添加酶制剂、微生物蛋白、有机微量元素和矿物质等制成的新型预混料。发酵饲料最大的特点是生产成本低，饲料经发酵后营养价值较发酵前有很大提高。因此，生物活性饲料的生产开发正成为国内外饲料领域的研究热点。     

不同贮藏时间复合预混料中酶活性变化的测定

饲料酶制剂的应用只有短短的十几年时间,但发展却异常迅速.目前,在欧洲和北美等发达国家的畜禽饲料中约有80%添加饲用酶制剂.我国市场上的酶制剂有100多个产品,其主要酶成分不完全相同,活性标示量均不一样,添加量和价格也不同.对市场上一种NSP酶制剂及贮存不同时间含有该产品的复合预混料进行了酶活性测定,以期为饲料厂或养殖场提供参考.     

天地人浅谈预混料

１预混料的定义及其在饲料中的地位预混料又称添加剂预混料 ,是指１种或多种饲料添加剂与载体或稀释剂按一定比例配制成的均匀混合物。它在全价配合饲料中占的比例很小 ,作用却很大。具体地说是以营养性添加剂（氨基酸、维生素、微量元素等）和非营养性添加剂（ａ促生长与保健剂 ,如抗生素、酶制剂、酸化剂等 ;ｂ饲料品质改善剂 ,如抗氧化剂、防霉剂、粘结剂、抗结块剂等 ;ｃ食欲增进和产品改良剂 ,如香味剂、调味剂、着色剂、营养分配剂等）为基础 ,并按一定配比加入适量载体混合而成。预混料不可直接用于饲养畜禽 ,必须与其它饲料均匀混合…     

酶制剂可改善家禽饲料的营养价值

开发禽用酶预混料现在国际上越来越多,许多人认为其潜力将会在多年间促使家禽营养学出现最激动人心的进展。 一、加酶的基本原理 在猪与禽饲料中添加酶制剂的主要道理是降低饲料成本,提高其经济效益。虽然酶制剂也能改善饲养环境、家禽的质量和健康等因素,但酶制剂加到饲料中后,能提高饲料营养成分的利用率,而且使质量较差的     

酶制剂在家禽饲料中的应用

开发禽用酶预混料现已成了一项国际性的事业，尽管最初由于种种原因而发展较慢，但现在许多人认为其潜力将会在多年间促使家禽营养学出现最激动人心的进展。1加酶的基本原理加酶制剂到猪与禽饲料中的主要原理是降低饲料成本，提高其经济效益。酶制剂不但能改善饲养环境，...     

中国预混料加工工艺技术的研究进展

预混料是由多种饲料添加剂与载体按一定比例配制的均匀混合物,是全价配合饲料的核心,其质量的优劣直接影响到配合饲料的质量和畜禽的生产性能.选择合适、先进的预混料加工工艺和设备可以保证预混料产品的质量,促进动物营养研究与养殖技术的进步与发展.本文就预混料加工工艺中的原料接收处理、配料、混合以及粉尘控制等方面进行综述,并对预混料加工工艺在国内的发展趋势进行展望,旨在对提高预混料生产水平和保证预混料产品质量方面提供科学依据.     

评价饲用酶质量的指标

本文主要探讨了饲用酶的质最评价指标,包括不同条件下的酶活力和稳定性,为广大饲用酶制剂使用者提供了一定的参考价值,从而进一步推动酶制剂在饲料中的广泛应用.     

饲料添加剂预混料生产技术

添加剂预混料是将畜禽所需要的各种微量成分如氨基酸、维生素、微量元素、生长促进剂、保健剂等,用一定量的载体或稀释剂均匀地混合在一起的混合物。它是一种饲料半成品,必须配以能量饲料、蛋白质饲料和矿物质饲料,才可直接用于饲喂畜禽。由于预混料中的各种微量组分深加量少且活性较高,所以制作预混料时,从原料的选择、配方设计、加工、贮藏等工序中都要保证活住成分的有效性、稳定性以及预混料产品的均匀性、安全性。1添加剂预混料生产的基本要求与特点添加剂预混料在全价配合饲料中起补充营养成分,提高有效成分利用率及改善其质量…     

维生素在预混料和全价料中的稳定性

维生素在预混料和全价料中的稳定性杨忠华（江苏省盐城农垦农科所）在维生素贮存和生产全价料、预混料的过程中，常会遇到影响维生素稳定性的各种因素，这些因素包括热、高湿度、压力、ｐＨ值、微量元素化合物的化学侵袭以及饲料中酸与维生素的相互作用等。维生素预混料、...     

添加剂预混料的合理利用

<正>添加剂预混料是由一种或多种添加剂微量成分(微量元素、维生素、氨基酸、酶制剂、抗氧化剂和防腐剂等)组成的加有载体或稀释剂的均匀混合物,其用量一般占全价配合饲料的5%以下。添加剂预混料的组成组成添加剂预混料的基本成分是饲料添加剂,饲料添加剂包括营养性饲料添加剂和非营养性饲料添加剂:1、营养性饲料添加剂指对畜禽等动物来说,营养上必需的那些具有生物活性的微量添加成分。主要有维生素添加剂、微量元素添加剂和氨基酸添加剂等。①维生素类添加剂有脂溶性的维生     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.     

Mechanism of Action of Probiotic Function of Lactobacilli

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制.     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …