我国家蚕基因组的最新研究——对家蚕基因组精细图和40个蚕类基因组遗传变异图的解读

2008年12月,西南大学家蚕基因组研究团队宣布了世界上第1张家蚕基因组精细图谱的诞生。家蚕基因组精细图和2003年发布的家蚕基因组框架图相比,具有基因覆盖度高、基因组组装更加完整、基因鉴定更加准确等特点。2009年,该研究团队在家蚕基因组精细图的基础上,选取具有代表性的29个家蚕突变品系和11个不同地理来源的中国野桑蚕品系进行了全基因组重测序与序列比较分析,共获得了29个家蚕突变品系和11个中国野桑蚕地理品系的全基因组序列,绘制完成了世界上第1张基因组水平上的蚕类单碱基遗传变异图谱,同时还发现了驯化对家蚕生物学性状影响的基因组印记,从全基因组水平上揭示了家蚕的起源进化。2009年8月,《Science》杂志发表了西南大学的研究论文"40个蚕类基因组的重测序揭示了家蚕的驯化事件及驯化相关基因",标志着家蚕基因组计划进入一个新的历史阶段。     

人类基因组计划中国组首席科学家杨焕明来渝作报告

应重庆市科委的邀请,中科院遗传所人类基因组中心主任、人类基因组计划中国组首席科学家杨焕明,昨日在西南农业大学为师生作了题为《基因组科学与农业》的报告。在报告中,杨焕明说,中国在人类基因组工作草图、水稻基因组“精细图”和家蚕基因组”框架图“的绘制完成,表明中国已进入了世界基因研究的第一军团。家蚕基因组“框架图”:蛋白质是生命存在和表现的形式,而家蚕吐的丝,主要成分就是蛋白质。因此,研究家蚕具有特别重要的意义。家蚕基因组“框架图”的完成,找出了影响家蚕蛋白质含量的基因,利用生物学的遗传基础,可以比较容易提高蚕丝…     

家蚕（Bombyxmori）全基因组框架图

我们在此报告了家蚕（Bombyxmori）的基因组序列框架图,它覆盖了所有已知家蚕基因的90．9％。我们估计的基因数是18510,超过黑腹果蝇报道的13379个基因。我们将家蚕基因组与果蝇、蚊子、蜘蛛和蝴蝶等进行了比较分析,揭示了它们在基因组成上同时具有相似性和差异性。     

从50年来在《Science》发表的蚕丝学文献看中国家蚕基因组研究

检索、概括了50年来在《Science》杂志刊登的10篇蚕丝学文献的基本情况和内容,介绍了家蚕基因组框架图在家蚕全基因组序列分析、比较基因组学和丝腺、激素及发育相关基因等功能基因研究方面取得的重要进展,显示了中国家蚕基因组研究对世界蚕业科学的重大贡献。     

国务委员陈至立为基因组应用研究联合实验室揭牌

鉴于家蚕基因组研究的重大理论意义与广阔应用前景,西南农业大学与中国科学院北京基因组研究所在合作完成了家蚕基因组框架图绘制的基础上,紧接着于2 0 0 3年11月在西南农业大学建立“西南农业大学·中国科学院北京基因组研究所基因组应用研究联合实验室”。两单位拟在联合实验室的合作框架下,深入开展家蚕等基因组信息与功能基因的产业应用研究。11月15日下午,国务委员陈至立在视察西南农业大学蚕桑学重点实验室后,与重庆市市长王鸿举、科技部吴忠泽等领导一起为该联合实验室揭牌。联合实验室的建立,有利于发挥两单位在资源、技术、信息等…     

家蚕基因组序列解读及其展望

20 0 3年 10月中国科学家完成了家蚕基因组工作框架图 ,开创了蚕丝科学研究的新阶段。基于支持和推动家蚕基因组乃至后基因组的研究 ,阐述了家蚕基因组研究的内容和意义 ,以及家蚕功能基因组研究有关的基础工作。     

家蚕基因组测序 世界首个"框架图"在渝问世

有关专家介绍,家蚕基因组“框架图”的完成只是家蚕基因组研究和开发计划的第一步,而其“精细图”预计在明年完成。家蚕基因组“框架图”与“精细图”有什么区别呢?中国家蚕基因组计划项目主持人、中国工程院院士向仲怀介绍,“框架图”是相对于“完成图”或“终图”而言,但实际上,真正的“完成图”并不存在,因为它总会存在一些空隙,而“精细图”则比“框架图”更进一步,更为准确、精细。基因组“框架图”的要点包括:测序工作量达到基因组的5倍;基因覆盖率达到90 %以上,即经初步组装的“一致性”序列占整个基因组的90 %以上;经初步组装的“一…     

开拓创新,风雨十年

<正>回顾家蚕基因组研究,经历了十年的风雨历程,跨越了五个大步,攀登了三个高峰。2002年在严峻的国际竞争压力下,我们完成了10万条EST序列,这一大步驱动着我们向"家蚕基因组框架图"高峰攀登;2004年我们发表第一篇Science文章后,又迈出了家蚕全基因组芯片和基因组数据平台两大步;2007年攀上了家蚕基因组精细图的高峰;接着我们在完成遗传变异图谱的同时又跨出了基因定位克隆平台和转基因平台两大步,实现了蚕业科学历史性的跨越。我国家蚕研究论文被SCI收录篇数由2000年占世界的6.25%上升至2010年的44.16%,排名由世界第六位上升到第一。     

家蚕浓核病毒的研究

家蚕浓核病毒是一种使蚕发生软化病的病原,主要感染家蚕的中肠圆筒型细胞。家蚕浓核病毒可作为基因转移、表达的载体和农林害虫的生物防治,同时也是家蚕的四大病毒性疾病之一,对蚕桑生产危害巨大。现就病理学特征、基因组结构、感受性、检测方法和浓核病的防治等方面对家蚕浓核病毒进行概述。     

家蚕基因组研究取得重要成果西南大学举行新闻发布会并隆重表彰

2009年8月28日,西南大学家蚕基因组研究取得重大突破和又一项标志性成果,家蚕基因组研究创新团队主持完成的“40个基因组的重测序揭示了蚕的驯化事件及驯化相关基因”研究成果在国际著名学术杂志《SCIENCE》上发表,学校隆重召开新闻发布会,并向家蚕基因组团队进行表彰。     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1984

In late December 1984, 1853 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1984 and 35% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 97,794 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 1417 dogs (1.45% of those tested) were found with heartworm. Another 34 dogs were amicrofilaremic, but were diagnosed as having heartworm disease, to give the total number diagnosed in 1984 as 1451 (1.48%). Heartworm was reported from all provinces except Prince Edward Island and Newfoundland but most (1310) of the cases were in Ontario. In Quebec, 126 cases were reported mostly from west of Montreal.

Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 27% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 72% had a history of not having left Canada. Southwestern Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1983

In late December 1983, 2 800 veterinarians across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of heartworm disease in Canada in 1983 and 26% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 59 504 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 771 dogs (1.30% of those tested) were found with Dirofilaria immitis. Heartworm disease was diagnosed in all provinces except New Brunswick and Newfoundland but most (733) of the cases were in Ontario.

Heartworm disease was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 31% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 64% had a history of not having left Canada. Southwestern Ontario continues to be the focus of the infection and most of the dogs there had not left the province previously.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1991

In late November 1991, 1883 clinics in Canada were sent a questionnaire to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in dogs in 1991 and there was a 60.0% response. There were 344,031 dogs tested for heart-worm (HW), 627 were found infected and the prevalence of HW infection was 0.18%. There were 417 dogs with HW in Ontario, 116 in Manitoba, 38 in Quebec, 53 in British Columbia, three in Alberta, and one in Nova Scotia. In British Columbia, all of the infected dogs but one were from the Okanagan valley which, as from 1991, is a new focus of infection in Canada. Most dogs with HW had not been on preventive medication in 1990, and the prevalence among dogs tested and unprotected was 0.59%. That prevalence was considerably higher in endemic areas. Companion dogs, over three years of age and maintained primarily outdoors in rural areas, were most frequently infected. One cat was diagnosed with D. immitis and 33 dogs had Dipetalonema reconditium.     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1985

In late December 1985, 1485 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1985 and 44% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 137,300 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 1210 dogs were found with heartworm. Another 36 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number diagnosed in 1985 as 1247 (0.91%).

Heartworm was reported from all provinces except Prince Edward Island, Newfoundland and Saskatchewan but most (1126) of the cases were in Ontario. Southwestern Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection in Canada. From Quebec, 91 cases were reported mostly from and around Montreal. From Manitoba, 19 cases were reported from Winnipeg and surrounding areas. Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 28% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 78% had a history of not having left Canada.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1988

In late November 1988, 1581 small and mixed animal clinics and institutional veterinarians across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1988, and 46% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 181,577 dogs were blood-tested for heartworm disease and 367 dogs were found with D. immitis microfilariae. Another 60 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number of cases diagnosed in 1988 as 441 (0.24%).     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1989

In late November 1989, 1732 clinics and institutional veterinarians were sent a questionnaire to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis, and 51.7% responded. Of 247,716 dogs tested, 394 had D. immitis microfilariae and 51 were amicrofilaremic for a total of 445 cases and heartworm prevalence of 0.17%. Most (408) of these dogs had no preventive medication and the prevalence among dogs tested and unprotected was 1.01%. That prevalence was considerably higher in endemic areas. Thirty-seven dogs with heartworm had preventive medication. Heartworm was most frequent in companion dogs over three years of age maintained outdoors in rural areas. About 75% of the cases had never left Canada, 26% had clinical signs and 125 were not treated.

Heartworm was reported from British Columbia, Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec, Nova Scotia and Newfoundland, but 383 cases were in Ontario. South-western Ontario was the primary focus of infection. There were 33 cases in Quebec and 24 in Manitoba, mainly found in and around Metropolitan Montreal and Winnipeg respectively.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1987

In late November 1987, 1246 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1987, and 50% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 165,428 dogs were blood tested for heartworm disease and 511 dogs were found with D. immitis microfilariae. Another 78 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number of cases diagnosed in 1987 as 589 (0.35%).     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1986

In late December 1986, 1224 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1986; 46% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 150,989 dogs were blood-tested for microfilariae and 869 dogs were found with heartworm. Another 65 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease and one was found with heartworm at necropsy to give the total number diagnosed in 1986 as 935 (0.62%).

Heartworm was reported from Manitoba, New Brunswick, Ontario and Quebec, but most (810) of the cases were from Ontario. South-western Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection in Canada. There were 103 cases reported from Quebec, mostly from and around Montreal, and 21 cases from Manitoba, from Winnipeg and surrounding areas. Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 33% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 81% had a history of not having left Canada.