对提高我区生猪出栏率的意见

在80年代的头8年,我区养猪事业有了很大的发展:据区统计局资料,我区1980年存栏猪1 034.09万头,其后逐年增长,1987年增至1 564.64万头。出栏猪1980年为564.67万头,基本上也保持逐年增多的趋势,1987年增至841万头。但出栏率除1980年为59.36％外,其余七年都徘徊在49.77％～57.84％之间,毫无提高的趋势。区畜牧局报道猪的死亡率由20％降至1966年的10％,1987年又降至6.5％。这些资料表明,8年来我区生猪的增长,基本上是由于饲养量的增加和死亡率     

仔猪旺食期的快速增重措施

广西柳州市某奶牛场1998年奶牛死亡淘汰率高达25.1％。经过采取有效防治措施,1999年降至12.5％。现将有关情况汇报如下: 一、基本情况 某奶牛场1997～1999年奶牛的死亡淘汰情况如下: 1.据有关资料报道,奶牛的正常死亡淘汰率应在15％左右。该场1997、1998年奶牛的死亡淘汰率分别为17.1％和25.1％,已经偏高。     

500日龄淘汰鸡的再利用

<正> 一、前言根据资料介绍,鸡的产蛋量以第一个产蛋年为最多,第二年比第一年降低15～20％,蛋重提高6～9％,存活率提高2～3％,饲料报酬降低9～12％。所以养禽业发达国家的大型鸡场饲养的商品蛋鸡只利用一年,     

云南核桃产业的发展之路

产业现状和问题 据《中国林业年鉴》资料,2006年云南核桃产量为10.65万t,占同年全国核桃总产量47.45万t的22.40％,比2004年的8.33万t增加26.13％,比1999年的6.05万t增加76.17％,年均递增10.88％,可见发展速度快而稳健。若以近3年来市场平均售价20元／kg计,云南核桃总产值达21.3亿元,     

西班牙柑桔年度报告

1 概况 据西班牙农业部消息,2002—2003年西班牙柑桔产量预计为580万t,同比增长1％。其中,甜橙和柠檬产量预计分别下降1％和11％,宽皮柑桔产量则将增加13％。贸易资料显示,2002—2003年西班牙气候条件较好,柑桔品质好。     

信息摘要

依据目前的资料,中国经济市场化程度20年前为5％,10年前为35％。对未来10年中国经济市场化程度,专家作出如下三种预测方案: 高位预测:2010年将超过80％(取纵向分析90％与横向分析75％的平均值),中国将成为标准的或成熟的市场经济国家。 中位预测:2010年将达到70％～75％(取纵向分析75％～80％与横向分析65％～70％的平均值),中国将成为相对成熟的或较完善的市场经济国家。     

在英国产白壳蛋的鸡种将没有了

英国的最近的资料,1979年1～6月饲养的父母代蛋用种鸡中,86.5％是产棕壳蛋的。在1979年8月孵化的蛋用雏鸡中,91％是产棕壳蛋或者是浅棕色,只有9％是产白壳蛋。英格兰和威尔士1978年饲养的蛋鸡中,有83％是产棕壳蛋和浅棕色蛋,而到79年,已提高到93％;苏格兰最近已连续四个月达到100％产棕壳蛋。只有爱尔兰北部饲养的鸡中,还有35％是产白壳蛋     

1989年世界牛奶产量预计

据美国农业部FAS资料,1989年世界牛奶产量预计可达4.34亿吨,较1988年约提高1％。其中美国预计6690万吨,较1988年约提高1.3％;印度预计2400万吨,提高7％:苏联预计1.07亿吨,约提高1％。加拿大和澳大利亚的牛奶产量均略有增长。欧洲共同体1989年牛奶产量预计下降1.2％,可达1.07亿吨,其中比利时下降最多,其次是法国、英国和荷兰。西班牙、葡萄牙和希腊略有增长。新西兰因干旱     

一九九二年日本的蚕茧生产下降

据日本农林水产省统计情报部资料公布,1992年日本有养蚕34870户,比1991年的91400户减少了21％。从不同的蚕期看,春蚕期为31880户,早秋蚕22710户,晚秋蚕2815户,分别是1991年的80％、70％和76％。到1992年8月1日止,日本有桑园48700公顷,其中专用桑园47800公顷、间作桑园38公顷,零星散栽桑园858公顷。比1991年的54600公顷减少了5900公顷,约下降11％。     

浅谈农村养猪业存在的问题及对策

1 概述 改革开放三十年来,我国的养猪业规模化、集约化程度在不断提高,大型现代化养殖场如雨后春笋般的建设起来,而零散的农村散养户养殖数量、规模却越来越小,甚至有很多已经转行。据资料表明：2005年全国散养户出栏猪只占70％,2009年,散养户出栏猪只下降到55％。     

呼和浩特市周边地区奶牛球虫病流行病学调查

作者采用常规粪便漂浮法,对呼和浩特市周边地区奶牛养殖牧场、养殖小区和养殖农户的约3000头奶牛进行了球虫病流行病学调查。经过统计分析结果如下:奶牛球虫病总平均感染率为9.54%,其中犊牛的平均感染率最高,为17.59%,育成牛的平均感染率为10.62%,青年牛的平均感染率为7.68%,泌乳期牛的平均感染率为2.28%;养殖农户奶牛球虫病平均感染率最高为14.58%,最低为7.39%;养殖牧场奶牛球虫病平均感染率最高为6.67%,最低为2.73%;养殖农户奶牛球虫病平均感染率,均高于养殖牧场和养殖小区奶牛球虫病的平均感染率。经过初步形态学鉴定,该地区优势虫种为邱氏艾美耳球虫(E zurnii)、牛艾美耳球虫(Ebovis)和阿沙卡等孢球虫(isospora akscaica)3种。     

Trends in cow numbers and culling rate in the Irish cattle population, 2003 to 2006

Cows are the main economic production units of Ireland's cattle industry. Therefore, demographic information, including overall numbers and survival rates, are relevant to the Irish agricultural industry. However, few data are available on the demographics of cows within a national population, either in Ireland or elsewhere, despite the recent development of comprehensive national cattle databases in many EU Member States. This study has sought: to determine the rate of cow culling from the national herd; to determine the rate of culling by type (dairy, beef), age, method of exit, date of exit and interval between last calving and exit; to calculate the national cow on-farm mortality rate; and to compare the Irish rates with published data from other countries. This work was conducted using data recorded in the national Cattle Movement Monitoring System (CMMS). Culling refers to the exit of cows from the national herd, as a result of death but regardless of reason, and cow-culling rate was calculated as the number of cow exits (as defined above) each year divided by the number of calf births in the same year. Culling rate was determined by type (dairy or beef), date of birth, method of exit (slaughter or on-farm death), month of exit and interval between last calving and exit. The average cow-culling rate during 2003 to 2006 was 19.6% (21.3% for dairy, 18% for beef). While comparisons must be treated with caution, it concluded that the overall rates of culling in Ireland fell within published internationally accepted norms. The on-farm mortality rate of 3.2-4.1% was similar to that reported in comparable studies.     

胚胎移植受体黄牛的试验研究

试验期内共选择受体黄牛５９头，冻胚移植３３头，选择移植率达５５．５％，妊娠１１头，移植受胎率达３３．３％，分娩９头，妊娠产犊率达８１．８％，经过选牛实足和资料整理，从中得出几项有价值的数据。     

益生菌发酵中药对生长育肥猪生产性能的影响

为了研究益生菌发酵中药对生长育肥猪生产性能的影响,试验选择胎次、体重相近的杜×长×大三元杂交健康猪36头,随机分为3个处理,每个处理组设3个重复,每个重复4头猪,进行饲养试验。通过试验分析生长育肥猪的平均日增重、平均日采食量、饲料转化率和腹泻率等数据,评估益生菌发酵中药对生长育肥猪生产性能的影响。结果表明,日粮中添加益生菌发酵中药,平均日增重比对照组提高20.5%,日采食量比对照组提高8.1%,饲料转化率比对照组提高10.3%,腹泻率比对照组降低71.4%,益生菌发酵中药作为饲料添加剂能显著提高猪的各项生产性能。     

陕西省关中地区奶牛结核病调查

2006-2008年对陕西关中部分地区(西安、宝鸡、咸阳和渭南)奶牛结核病依据我国国家标准《GB/T118645-2002》"结核菌素试验"进行调查,调查数据显示2006年-2008年检测奶牛分别为6090头、5328头、4286头,阳性率分别为0.77%、1.05%、1.42%,陕西关中地区奶牛结核病阳性率有明显上升趋势。西安、宝鸡、咸阳和渭南地区的检测头数分别为4129头、4680头、3797头、3058头,阳性率分别为0.90%、0.80%、1.18%、1.43%,其中渭南地区的阳性率最高。从养殖规模上来看,10头以下养殖户奶牛结核阳性率最高为1.48%。     

Mastitis detection in dairy cows by application of fuzzy logic

The aim of the present research was to develop a fuzzy logic model for classification and control of mastitis for cows milked in an automatic milking system. Recording of data was performed on the University of Kiel's experimental dairy farm “Karkendamm”. A data set of 403,537 milkings from 478 cows was used. Mastitis was determined according to three different definitions: udder treatments (1), udder treatment or somatic cell counts (SCC) over 100,000/ml (2) and udder treatment or SCC over 400,000/ml (3). Mastitis alerts were generated by a fuzzy logic model using electrical conductivity, milk production rate and milk flow rate as input data. To develop and verify the model, the data set was randomly divided into training data (284,669 milkings from 319 cows) and test data (135,414 milkings from 159 cows). The evaluation of the model was carried out according to sensitivity, specificity and error rate. If the block-sensitivity was set to be at least 80%, the specificities ranged between 93.9% and 75.8% and the error rate varied between 95.5% and 41.9% depending on mastitis definition. Additionally, the average number of true positive cows per day ranged from 0.1 to 7.2, and the average number of false negative positive cows per day ranged from 2.4 to 5.2 in an average herd size for the test data of 39.7 cows/day. The results of the test data verified those of the training data, indicating that the model could be generalized.

Fuzzy logic is a useful tool to develop a detection model for mastitis. A noticeable decrease in the error rate can be made possible by means of more informative parameters.     

云南省规模化猪场秋冬季猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒感染状况调查

为了解年龄、季节对猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(PRRSV)感染的影响,以及PRRS在云南省不同区域的分布情况,用RT-PCR方法对秋冬季云南省不同地区32个规模猪场552份抗凝全血样品进行PRRSV检测。结果表明,不同年龄阶段的猪只,以仔猪带毒的阳性率最高,为78.5%(113/144);秋季比冬季的感染率相对偏低,秋冬季的平均阳性率分别为64.86%和75.36%;从区域看,滇东最高(73%),其次为滇南(72.7%),滇中(72.2%),滇西(67.2%),滇北(65.6%)。     

人工诱导空怀母牛泌乳技术推广应用报告

应用青海畜牧兽医学院生产的人工诱乳注射液等针剂和包埋剂及外省产的诱乳激素针剂对１３８头空怀无奶母牛进行了诱乳技术推广应用试验。诱乳成功１２９头牛,成功率９３．４８％,并有大部分牛恢复正常的繁殖功能,据对７９头诱乳成功牛的统计,诱乳后受胎率达６７．０９％,头均全泌乳期产奶３８７６．９５ｋｇ,头均创利润１６７３．８２元,获得了明显的经济效益。     

柞蚕丝胶抗氧化性研究

从清除DPPH自由基、清除超氧阴离子自由基(O2-)、清除羟自由基(-OH)三方面,对柞蚕丝胶的抗氧化性进行了研究。试验结果显示,5%柞蚕丝胶溶液和其胰蛋白酶酶解液,DPPH清除率分别为49.96%、10.6%;超氧阴离子自由基(O2-)清除率分别为20%、40%;羟自由基(-OH)清除率分别为40%、64%。试验表明,柞蚕丝胶具有一定的抗氧化活性。     

Twinning in cattle: I. Foundation animals and genetic and environmental effects on twinning rate

Foundation cows were selected using prior records from one of two sources, private herds or other projects at the Research Center. Comparing twinning rates before and after selection, the repeatability was lower for those from the first (.08) than for those from the second (.16) source with a combined value of .12. Realized heritability of single-parity twinning rate estimated from selection of parents and response in daughters of foundation females was .06. Paternal half-sib estimate of heritability of twinning rate was .02 +/- .07. Estimates of repeatability computed from calving records of females born in the project indicate that permanent environmental effects on twinning rate in cattle are small. Mean calving rate of females born in the project was 1.11 in the data set that included all data and 1.09 in the data set that excluded females from highly selected parents. Twinning rate was greater (P less than .05) in fall than in spring calving (1.13 vs 1.06). Data on twinning rate of a sample of the Swedish Friesian breed were summarized. Mean twinning rate of the Swedish Friesian breed is 2.57%. Age adjusted mean twinning rate of daughters of 32 half-sib sons of one particular Swedish Frieisan sire averaged 5.4% and ranged from .9% to 13.6%. There was no indication of a bimodal distribution, which would be expected if a single gene with a major effect on twinning rate were segregating. The estimated genetic standard deviation (sigma-xn) for mean twinning rates of the 32 sire progeny groups was 1.8%. Observed range among son progenies was .127 or 7.2 sigma-xn, in reasonable agreement with the hypothesis that twinning rate in this population is inherited as a quantitative trait.