广西大豆品种生育期组划分研究

以27个分属MGⅠ~MGⅧ的北美大豆生育期组标准品种为参照,于2013-2015年在广西南宁市广西农业科学院明阳基地春播条件下,对广西春大豆主栽品种,新选育的春大豆品种及广西春大豆区域试验和热带亚热带地区春大豆区域试验对照种的生育期组归属进行了鉴定与划分。结果表明:在南宁春播条件下所有北美大豆生育期组标准品种均正常成熟,生育日数趋势基本是由短到长,但不同年份间却有所差异。不同年份不同生育期组内生育日数差异非常接近,同一年份不同生育期组间生育日数存在交叉现象。热带、亚热带南方春大豆区域试验对照品种华春6号生育期组归属于MGⅠ,春大豆晚熟品种华春1号生育期归属于MGⅤ,华春2号和华春5号生育期归属于MGⅣ。广西春大豆品种生育期组归属于MGⅢ和MGⅣ,夏大豆品种生育期组归属于MGⅦ和MGⅧ。鉴定结果可为我国大豆生育期组系统建立、大豆育种、引种及品种布局提供依据。     

菜用大豆春播与夏播的比较研究

以辽00139-1、辽00128-1两个菜用大豆品系为试材,比较了菜用大豆春播与夏播的生育进程中各时期的生长动态、鲜荚产量构成因素及鲜荚产量.结果表明:夏播菜用大豆生长发育迅速,一般80 d左右即可采摘收获.从植株生长发育水平上分析:菜用大豆春播营养生长时期平均株高大于夏播菜用大豆;春播菜用大豆生育进程比夏播菜用大豆滞后.从产量性状分析:菜用大豆春播单株荚数多于夏播;春播与夏播百粒鲜重接近;百荚鲜重与品种有关;春播菜用大豆单株发育水平比夏播菜用大豆好,有效分枝数比夏播多.辽00139-1春播与夏播鲜荚产量分别为12510.5 kg·hm-2和5229.4 ks·hm-2;辽00128-1春播与夏播鲜荚产量分别为12282.1 kg·hm-2和6762.6 kg·hm-2.     

不同播期对广西春大豆品种农艺性状、产量及品质的影响

大豆在广西常年有着较大的种植面积。为了探索广西春大豆在春播以及夏、秋季繁种时的最佳播种时期,选用两个广西播种面积较大的春大豆品种桂春8号和华春2号,从2011年2~8月共设21个播期,研究不同播期对生育期、农艺性状、产量及品质的影响。结果表明:两品种产量最高的播期均为2月25日,单产分别为2 770.85和2 666.26 kg·hm-2,秋播产量最低,夏播次之。从春播至夏播,随着播期的推迟,出苗至开花、出苗至成熟的时间逐渐缩短;6月5日后播种,出苗至开花日数和成熟日数的波动不大。3月上旬以前及8月上旬以后播种,两个春大豆品种的粗蛋白含量相对较低,油分含量相对较高,其余播期内大豆粗蛋白含量较高,而油分含量较低。3月中旬后春播较夏秋播大豆的粗蛋白含量高,但油分含量较低。综上所述,从产量上看,广西中南部春大豆最佳播种期在2月中旬至3月上旬,在下半年进行繁种时,若茬期允许尽可能选择夏播,尽量不要秋播。从大豆品质上看,3月上旬以前播种,得到的大豆油分含量较高。     

大豆品种资源性状稳定性的灰色关联度分析与评价

应用灰色关联度分析法研究了57份大豆品种资源的性状稳定性。结果表明:灰色关联度分析法能较好地反映品种性状特性,在不同熟期组中对产量影响较大的性状为单株荚数、单株粒数、百粒重和生育期。通过对不同年份间品种性状的灰色关联度分析与评价,筛选出稳定性较强的品种10份,生育期在101～110 d的品种为嫩丰15、东农01-1234、绥农14,111～120 d的品种为吉林39、黑农48、紫花4号,121～130 d的品种为黄大粒、吉林30号、小黄豆和丰地黄。同时通过综合分析与评价,明确不同品种资源的性状特点,为大豆品种资源利用提供可靠的依据。     

大豆华夏10号在清流县种植表现及高产栽培技术

华夏10号是由华南农业大学农学院、山东圣丰种业科技有限公司用华夏1号/华春1号选育而成的大豆品种,2016年通过国家农作物品种审定。2016年引进清流县种植,表现丰产性状好、产量高。总结了大豆华夏10号在清流县种植表现及高产栽培技术。     

套作大豆农艺性状与产量的关系研究

通过模拟"玉米-大豆"带状套作,分析了133份大豆材料的农艺性状与产量的关系。结果表明:参试大豆材料表型性状的变异系数为6.44%~52.49%,各性状平均遗传多样性指数达到1.929 3,说明参试大豆材料存在比较丰富的表型多样性。相关分析表明,产量与主茎节数、有效分枝数、单株荚数、每荚粒数、分枝粒重、分枝粒重占比、营养生长期、生育期呈极显著正相关关系。多元线性逐步回归得到7个与产量呈极显著的农艺性状,正效应因子排序为:每荚粒数分枝粒重百粒重主茎节数单株荚数营养生长期,负效应因子为株高。对这7个农艺性状的通径分析表明,综合效应排名为:分枝粒重单株荚数主茎节数营养生长期每荚粒数株高百粒重。根据主成分得分并借助权重计算的综合得分把133份大豆材料聚类成4类,其中第Ⅳ类大豆分枝数、单株荚数、每荚粒数和主茎节数较多,营养生长期和生育期较长,株高适中,百粒重较小,底荚较高,适宜在套作模式中推广。     

广西喀斯特地区不同大豆品种性状评价与品种筛选

观察分析夏播大豆新品种在广西河池市的产量及农艺性状表现,旨在筛选出适合当地气候环境栽培的大豆新品种,为其在本地区推广应用提供科学依据。2018—2020年在广西河池市开展三年的种植试验,以桂夏1号为对照品种,调查桂夏1701、桂夏1702、桂夏1703、华夏17号、粤夏2016-3、粤夏2016-5、桂夏豆117、桂夏豆118、桂夏豆119、金百夏1号和金百夏2号品种的生长发育情况,并对产量及其相关农艺性状进行相关性分析和灰色关联度分析,运用系统聚类方法对11个大豆新品种进行评价和分类。粤夏2016-5、粤夏2016-3、桂夏豆119和金百夏2号的单株有效荚数、单株粒数、单株粒重、分枝数及产量均高于对照。根据相关分析可得,大豆产量与单株有效荚数、单株粒数、分枝数呈极显著正相关(P0.01),由灰色关联度分析可知,大豆的主要农艺性状与产量的关联度排序依次为单株有效荚数单株粒数单株粒重。单株有效荚数和单株粒数是影响大豆产量的主要构成因素,综合表现较好的品种是粤夏2016-5和粤夏2016-3,其次是金百夏1号、桂夏豆118、金百夏2号;最后是桂夏1703和桂夏豆119。桂夏1701、桂夏1702、桂夏豆117和华夏17号在本地区表现欠佳。     

早熟大粒大豆新品种“晋豆8号”的选育

一、品种来源山西农业大学大豆研究室于1975年以早熟大粒高产大豆品种晋豆一号为母本,以美国大豆品种比松为父本进行杂交,经4代系谱选择,三年产量比较选育而成定名晋大23,于1983——1985年参加山西省中晚熟春播区区域试验,三年试验结果,产量比对照平均增产10％。1987年通过山西省农作物品种审定委员会正式审定定名为晋豆8号。在全省大面积推广。二、品种特征特性属中熟品种,在太谷春播从播种到成熟生育期为130天,南部临汾,运城夏播生育期为90天。植株     

菜用大豆荚粒品质发育过程及适宜采摘期分析

选用夏播菜用大豆不同熟期组6个代表品种通州豆、楚秀(熟期组Ⅲ)，海系13、南农87c-38(熟期组Ⅳ)，南农大黄豆、黑皮绿仁(熟期组V)，对其荚粒品质发育过程进行系统观察。结果表明：(1)荚长、荚宽及荚厚的发育符合Logistic生长曲线，荚长、荚宽在开花后10-20天伸长较快，基本接近品种的固有长度和宽度；荚厚在开花后25-40天快速增长。(2)百荚鲜重、百粒鲜重发育符合二次曲线，熟期组Ⅲ品种在开花后35～55天达到最大值，而熟期组Ⅳ、熟期组V品种在开花后55—70天达到最大值。(3)出籽率及可溶性糖的变化符合四次曲线方程，在R5-R7前半期可溶性糖含量逐渐提高，R7后半期有所回落；不同熟期组的菜用大豆生长发育变化相似。菜用大豆的适宜采摘期为R6-R7的前半期。     

山东间作大豆产量与主要农艺性状关联分析

为明确间作大豆的性状表现,筛选适宜间作的高产、稳产性大豆品种,本研究在玉米大豆间作模式下,对50份大豆材料在两年的产量与11个主要农艺性状进行相关性及灰色关联度分析,并采用GGE双标图法进行品种适应性及稳产性分析。结果表明：50份材料的主要农艺及产量性状的变异系数在6.87%~77.32%,广义遗传力为0.62~0.97,且生育期、营养生长期、百粒重等9个性状的广义遗传力均大于0.8;相关性分析表明,单株产量与茎粗(0.75**)、生育期(0.76**)呈极显著正相关,其次为株高、主茎节数、分枝数、底荚高、营养生长期、百粒重、单株荚数、单株粒数;灰色关联度分析表明,单株产量与各农艺性状的关联顺序为茎粗>生育期>营养生长期>单株荚数>百粒重>底荚高>单株粒数>分枝数>主茎节数>株高>生殖生长期;GGE双标图法表明汾豆79、中作J7018和皖豆30为适宜间作的高产、稳产性较好的品种。     

豫北优质大豆产业发展策略

针对豫北地区的大豆生产现状，从气候、土壤、品种、生态因素及市场需求等方面提出了优质大豆的发展策略与途径。     

Analysis of nutritional components of eight famine foods of the Republic of Niger

In the western Sahel, indigenous plants become important staples when cereal harvests are inadequate to support populations inhabiting that region of Africa. The purpose of this study was to assess the nutrient content of several of these edible wild plants. The leaves of the following seven plant foods were analyzed: Ziziphus mauritiana, Cerathotheca sesamoides, Moringa oleifera, Leptadenia hastata, Hibiscus sabdarifa, Amaranthus viridi, and Adansonia digitata. The fatty acid, vitamin E, carotenoid, selected mineral and amino acid contents of these plant foods were determined. These same analyses were performed on the fruit of the Adansonia digitata. In quantitative and qualitative terms, Amaranthus viridis was found to be an excellent source of protein. Its amino acid composition compared favorably to that of a World Health Organization (WHO) protein standard. It also contained considerable amounts of the two fatty acids that are essential in humans (linoleic and -linolenic) and a number of minerals including iron, magnesium, calcium and zinc. The leaves of Hibiscus sabdarifa contained an appreciable quantity of protein the composition of which was comparable to the WHO standard. The mineral content of the leaves of this plant was also exceptionally high; noteworthy was its high zinc content. H. sabdarifa also contained significant quantities of the two essential fatty acids. Ziziphus mauritiana was an excellent source of the essential fatty acid linoleic acid and several of the metals including iron, calcium, magnesium and zinc. Its content of other essential nutrients, however, was rather low. In general, Adansonia digitata leaves were nutritionally superior to the fruit of the tree; however, the fruit did contain useful quantities of potassium, phosphorus, zinc and -linolenic acid. The Leptadenia hastata leaves were an especially good source of lutein and -carotene. These data should be useful to the people who inhabit the western Sahel in helping them devise healthy diets during times when cereal staples are in short supply.     

狗牙根诱变后代抗寒性评价

通过电解质外渗法和匍匐茎恢复试验对‘阳江’狗牙根及其12个通过形态鉴定选出的坪用价值高且花序密度低的诱变后代进行抗寒性鉴定。电解质外渗法结果表明:诱变后代间的抗寒性具有较大差异,其叶片半致死温度(LT₅₀)的变异范围为-7.6～-0.2℃(最低值与最大值相差7.4℃);参试材料抗寒性由强到弱依次为M18>M4>M26>M28> M22>阳江>M29>M31>M10>M37>M16>M1>M25,其中,有5个诱变后代抗寒性优于亲本,分别是M18、M4、M26、M28、M22。匍匐茎恢复实验结果表明:诱变后代M1、M22、M26、M31、M25在0℃和-5℃低温胁迫后的恢复生长率都高于亲本,恢复能力均优于亲本;M10、M37、M28在-5℃低温胁迫下,恢复生长能力低于亲本,抗寒性相对较弱,M16和M4在0℃和-5℃低温胁迫下,恢复生长率都低于亲本,抗寒性明显弱于亲本。综合2种方法鉴定结果显示:诱变后代M1、M25的恢复能力较强;M4、M28的叶片抗寒性较好,青绿期较长;M22、M18、M26的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力均较强;M29,M31的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力与亲本相似;M10、M16、M37的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力均较弱,整体抗寒性较弱。     

吉林省平安农业科学院大豆所大豆研究工作报告

1　吉林省平安农业科学院大豆研究工作简介吉林省平安农业科学院大豆研究所 ,设在吉林省长春市西安大路种子大厦内。现有科技人员 6人 ,其中研究员 2人 ,农艺师 2人 ,技术员 2人 ,定向培养研究生 2人。大豆研究所的主要任务是选育稳产、高产、优质及抗病虫大豆新品种 ;同时密切     

Comparisons of methods of scheduling irrigations of potatoes

Irrigation of Netted Gem potatoes was scheduled during three growing seasons by three methods: (a) when plants displayed first visual symptoms of moisture stress, (b) when indicated by a soil moisture budget involving estimated evapotranspiration, and (c) on the basis of tensiometer readings of soil moisture suction. When the tensiometer method of scheduling was used, the mean yields of tubers were 55.0 and 25.8 cwt/acre (6160 and 2890 kg/ha) higher than those obtained with the other two scheduling methods. Methods did not affect the specific gravity of potatoes. Method (a) scheduled irrigations least frequently. Scheduling by the budget method was not always adequate because it was based on the assumption that the crop extracted water from a constant 4 ft (1.2 m) profile from planting to full vegetative growth. In one year the budget method scheduled the first irrigation earlier than necessary and delayed the second irrigation during a critical period of crop growth. From full vegetative cover to harvest the irrigation schedules were alike for both the budget and tensiometer methods.     

湖南沅陵4种绿茶品质成分分析

以长沙县高桥相同嫩度茶鲜叶原料采用卷曲形毛尖茶加工工艺制绿茶为对照,分别对沅陵县齐眉翠峰、凤娇碣滩茶、干发茶和军大坪茶4种绿茶的主要生化成分与感官品质进行初步分析。结果表明,沅陵4种绿茶的茶多酚总量28.76%~30.34%,游离氨基酸总量2.35%~3.22%,咖啡碱含量3.00%~3.63%,水浸出物含量37.26%~40.07%,可溶性糖总量5.46%~5.65%,可溶性蛋白含量1.50%~1.74%,类黄酮化合物总量1.16%~1.79%,叶绿素总量1.36%~2.01%,儿茶素总量13.53%~16.20%。与对照相比,4种绿茶的茶多酚、可溶性糖和儿茶素总量均高于对照,除齐眉翠峰外其余3种茶样水浸出物和叶绿素总量均高于对照,除干发茶外其余3种茶样类黄酮化合物总量均高于对照。     

Comparison of two methods of PCNB application for control of Rhizoctonia infection of potatoes

A broadcast application of PCNB (Terraclor) resulted in a reasonably uniform distribution of the chemical in the soil with the concentration decreasing in a linear fashion with increasing depth in the soil profile. A banded application resuluted in a considerably higher chemical concentration at the 4–6 inch depth than at the 0–2 or the 2–4 inch depths. The problem of the lack of uniformity of chemical distribution could probably be solved by altering nozzle placement and size and allow use of the band method of application to minimize grower cost. More complete disking in the case of the broadcast treatment would probably result in a relatively uniform distribution of the chemical but at higher cost to the grower. PCNB application rates of 10, 15 and 25 lbs per acre broadcast and 71/2, 10 and 121/2 lbs per acre in a band significantly reduced the severity ofRhizoctonia infection of Russet Burbank potatoes but did not increase potato yields significantly.     

Prediction of the digestibility of the diet of horses: evaluation of faecal indices

Data from in vivo digestibility trial with four to six horses fed twenty-seven forage-based diets are used to calculate prediction equations for the digestibility of dry and organic matter, based on the crude ash (CA), crude protein (CP) and crude fibre (CF) contents of diets and faeces. The most precise prediction of dry-matter digestibility (r.s.d. = 0.032, R²= 0.80) was derived from a multiple regression including faecal (CP, CF) and dietary parameters (CF). Among faecal parameters, CP was the best single predictor of both digestibility (r.s.d) = 0.040, r²= 0.63) and dietary CP content (r.s.d = 0.028, r²= 0.59). For biological reasons we propose a non-linear model that allows prediction of dry- and organic-matter digestibility from faecal CP Content with reasonable Precision (r.s.d = 0.038, 0.036, r²= 0.65, 0.74, respectively). This will be adequate for many studies, especially for free-living animals in rangelands.     

橡胶树丛枝病病原的抗血清制备与应用

以感染橡胶树丛枝病病原的长春花为材料,制备得到橡胶丛枝病病原菌抽提液,以抽提液为抗原免疫家兔,制备抗血清,经微量沉淀测定,抗血清效价为１：２０４８。应用橡胶丛枝病抗血清检测橡胶褐皮病,无症苗木检出率达３０％－３７％,可疑的褐皮病树检出率达８５．７％。